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Cell Structure and Functions PPT 5

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. They are bounded by an outer and inner membrane, with the inner membrane folded into cristae to increase surface area. F0-F1 particles on the cristae act as ATP synthase to synthesize ATP through cellular respiration. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to synthesize some proteins, making them semi-autonomous organelles. They produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP through the oxidation of carbohydrates.

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811 views24 pages

Cell Structure and Functions PPT 5

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. They are bounded by an outer and inner membrane, with the inner membrane folded into cristae to increase surface area. F0-F1 particles on the cristae act as ATP synthase to synthesize ATP through cellular respiration. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to synthesize some proteins, making them semi-autonomous organelles. They produce energy for the cell in the form of ATP through the oxidation of carbohydrates.

Uploaded by

rajesh dua
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CELL- Structure and Functions

Structure of Mitochondria
(The power house of the cell)
Structure of Mitochondria
 Mitochondria are small, rod shaped
organelles bounded by two membranes-
outer membrane and inner membrane .
 CRISTAE-The inner membrane is folded
inwards to form structures called cristae.
The folding of the inner membrane
increases the surface area inside the
mitochondria for the energy generating
chemical reactions.
Structure of Mitochondria
 F0-F1 particles are present on cristae
which act as ATP synthase enzyme for
the synthesis of energy in the form of
ATP( Adenosine Triphosphate)
(ATP is the energy currency of the
cell)
 MATRIX-The fluid present in the
mitochondria is called the matrix .
 It has enzymes which help in oxidation
of carbohydrates (respiration) to release
energy.
Mitochondria
(The power house of the cell)
Function of mitochondria-
 It produces energy for the cell in the form of ATP by the oxidation of
carbohydrates i.e. breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen.
Therefore, it is known as the power house of the cell.
Note- Mitochondria has its own ribosomes and DNA floating in the
matrix. So, it can synthesize some of its own proteins.
Therefore, mitochondria is called a semi –autonomous cell
organelle.
ANSWER KEY
11. Draw a neat and well labeled diagram of Mitochondria.

MITOCHONDRIA
12. Give reason: Mitochondria and Chloroplast are called semi autonomous cell organelles.
Ans- Mitochondria and Chloroplast has their own ribosomes and DNA. So, they can
synthesize some of their own proteins. Therefore, they are called semi –autonomous cell
organelles.
13.State the location and function of F0-F1 particles.
Ans- They are present on the cristae in the mitochondria. They act as ATP synthase enzyme
for the synthesis of energy in the form of ATP( Adenosine Triphosphate)
14. Name the cell organelle which is called the power house of the cell. Why is it called so?
Ans- Mitochondria is called as the power house of the cell. It produces energy for the cell in
the form of ATP by the oxidation of carbohydrates i.e. breakdown of glucose in the presence
of oxygen.
15. Expand ATP. Why is it called as the energy currency of the cell?
Ans-ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate. ATP molecules are synthesized in the
mitochondria during cellular respiration. These ATP molecules provide energy to cells for
various biological processes and hence are called the energy currency of the cell.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
ER is a large network of membrane-bound tubes and
sheets

(RER) (SER)
 Has ribosomes on its surface  Does not have ribosomes on its surface
 Located near the nucleus  Located near the cell membrane
 Helps in synthesis and transport of  Helps in synthesis and transport of lipids.
proteins.
Functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum
 It increases the surface area of the cytoplasm for various metabolic
activities of the cell.
 It forms a supportive framework of the cell.
 It is associated with the synthesis and transport of lipids and proteins.
GOLGI COMPLEX
 The Golgi apparatus(known as dictyosome
in plants) was first described by Camillo
Golgi.
 It consists of stacks of membrane-bound
flat sacs called cisterns ,arranged
approximately parallel to each other.
 Functions:
 Storage, modification and packaging of
products in vesicles.
 Synthesis of cell wall during cell division.
 Formation of lysosomes.
LYSOSOMES
(The waste disposal system )
 Lysosomes are single membrane bound
vesicles containing digestive enzymes.
 They digest and destroy any harmful and
unwanted material (digestive bags).
 They have the capacity to digest the whole
cell by bursting and releasing their
digestive enzymes( suicidal bags) .
Ribosomes
(The protein factories of the cell)
 They are dense, spherical granules
made up of RNA and Proteins.
 They are amembranous or without
a membrane
 They may occur freely in the
cytoplasm or are found attached to
RER.
 They help in synthesis of proteins.
VACUOLES
(storage sacs)
1. Sap vacuole-
 Membrane bound sacs filled with
cell sap. Its membrane is called
Tonoplast.
 In animal cells, they are small
sized and more in number.
 In plant cells , usually a large
sized vacuole is present in the
centre.
 It stores water,nutrients , waste
material etc.
2.Contractile vacuole- Helps
in osmoregulation in fresh
water unicellular organisms
like Amoeba , Paramecium.

3.Food vacuole- Helps in


digestion of food in fresh
water unicellular organisms
like Amoeba , Paramecium
HOME TASK
16.Differentiate between RER and SER on the basis of their location and
functions.
17.Write any two important functions of the Golgi apparatus.
18. Name the suicidal bags of the cell. Why are they called so?
19.State the role of contractile vacuole and food vacuole in Amoeba.
20.Name the protein factories of the cell. Why are they called so?
Art integrated learning: Cell Rap

Rap is a type of music in which the words are not sung but are
spoken in a rapid, rhythmic way. It is a channel for you to speak
freely about your views. Let’s integrate music and visual arts into our
study of both plant and animal cells. Create a rap that shows your
understanding of how the individual organelles function in a cell.

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