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Cell Structure and Functions ppt-1

The document discusses the structure and functions of cells, including that cells are the basic unit of life, they have different shapes and sizes depending on their function, and cells demonstrate division of labor through specialized organelles or body parts that allow organisms to function efficiently. The discovery of cells is described along with different microscopes that allow observation of cellular structures and components.

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rajesh dua
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7K views

Cell Structure and Functions ppt-1

The document discusses the structure and functions of cells, including that cells are the basic unit of life, they have different shapes and sizes depending on their function, and cells demonstrate division of labor through specialized organelles or body parts that allow organisms to function efficiently. The discovery of cells is described along with different microscopes that allow observation of cellular structures and components.

Uploaded by

rajesh dua
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CELL- Structure and Functions

LEARNING OUTCOMES….
The students shall be able to-
 Define cell.
 Understand the cell as the basic structural unit of life.
 Discuss the discovery of cell.
 Explain the number, shape and size of a cells.
 Understand division of labour.
 Gain knowledge about various components of a typical
cell- Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm and nucleus.
What is a Cell?
• Cell is the basic structural and functional
unit of the living organisms.

Plant Human Bacteria


DID YOU KNOW?

There are as many neurons in the brain as there are stars in the
milky way galaxy!
Cells as the basic structural unit
LEVELS OF ORGANISATION
Types of organisms
(On the basis of number of cells)

On the basis
of number of
cells

Unicellular Multicellular
Types of organisms
(On the basis of number of cells)
UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
MADE UP OF JUST ONE CELL. MADE UP OF MANY CELLS
SINGLE CELL CARRIES OUT ALL THE DIFFERENT CELLS ARE SPECIALIZED
FUNCTIONS. TO PERFORM DIFFERENT
FUNCTIONS.
DEATH OF ONE CELL LEADS TO THE DEATH OF ONE CELL DOES NOT
DEATH OF WHOLE ORGANISM. LEAD TO THE DEATH OF WHOLE
ORGANISM.

EXAMPLES- AMOEBA,PARAMECIUM HUMAN BEINGS,PLANTS,ANIMALS.


Discovery of Cell
MICROSCOPE is a device which is used to view the
internal structure of cells and tissues.

Magnifying power of a microscope is the ability


of a microscope to magnify the image of an object.
IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF MICROSCOPE

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Staining
 It is a technique used to
view cells and their
components with certain
coloured dyes called
stains so that they are
clearly distinguishable
from each other under
the microscope.
Staining

 Safranine stain is used to


stain the plant cells

 Methylene blue is used to


stain the animal cells.
Cells have different shapes related to the
specific functions they perform.
Red Blood Cells are
Biconcave to carry
oxygen to various
body parts.

Skin cells are flat


and multilayered to
provide protection.

#An average adult carries 2 kg of dead skin cells and sheds billions of
tiny skin fragments everyday.
A Nerve Cell (Neuron) is elongated to
transmit messages.
Shape of Amoeba
Is irregular for
ingestion and
locomotion.

White blood cells can


change their shape to fight
against disease causing
microbes.
VARIATION IN SIZE OF CELLS

#The size of the cell is not related to the size of an organism.


#The nerve cells of both mouse and elephant are of same size
and perform the same function.
VARIATION IN SIZE OF CELLS
•In Human body –
The Smallest Cells are Red blood cells and the longest cells are Nerve cells
•In the living world-
The Smallest Cell- PPLO or Mycoplasma and the largest cell is the Ostrich’s
Egg

Red blood cells Nerve cell

# NOTE-The life starts from a single cell called zygote which


divides to form a new individual.
Sharing of workload between different cells or different parts of
the cells for increased efficiency.
In unicellular organisms, it is shown by the cell organelles e.g Mitochondria
provides energy , chloroplast helps in synthesis of food.
In multicellular organisms, it is shown by different cells or body parts e.g heart
pumps blood
HOME TASK
1.Define
a) Cell
b) Division of labour
2. Name the scientist who discovered the dead cell for
the first time.
3.What is staining? Name the stains used to view plant
cells and animal cells.
4.Why the cells have different shapes and sizes? Justify
by giving suitable examples.

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