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Assignment 2 (For Lecture 2)

The document provides a series of logic problems involving symbolic statements with conjunctions, disjunctions, and negations. It asks the student to simplify and express the symbolic statements in English, and describe strategies for showing if a conjunction or disjunction is true or false. It also asks the student to represent newspaper headlines using logical notation.

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180 views

Assignment 2 (For Lecture 2)

The document provides a series of logic problems involving symbolic statements with conjunctions, disjunctions, and negations. It asks the student to simplify and express the symbolic statements in English, and describe strategies for showing if a conjunction or disjunction is true or false. It also asks the student to represent newspaper headlines using logical notation.

Uploaded by

danny
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT 2 (for Lecture 2)

1. Simplify the following symbolic statements as much as you can, leaving your
answer in the standard symbolic form. (In case you are not familiar with the notation,
I’ll answer the first one for you.)
(a) (π > 0) ∧ (π < 10) [Answer: 0 < π < 10.]

(b) (p ≥ 7) ∧ (p < 12)


7<p<12
(c) (x > 5) ∧ (x < 7)
5<x<7
(d) (x < 4) ∧ (x < 6)
x<4
(e) (y < 4) ∧ (y 2 < 9)
y<+-3
(f) (x ≥ 0) ∧ (x ≤ 0)
x=0
2. Express each of your simplified statements from question 1 in natural English.
a)0 is less than pi and less than ten / 0 is between pi and ten
b)p is less than twelve and greater than or equal to 7 / p is between 12 and 7
c) x x is between 5 and 7
d)x is less than 4
e)y is less than + - 3
f)x equals 0
3. What strategy would you adopt to show that the conjunction φ1 ∧ φ2 ∧ . . . ∧ φn
is true?
To show that the conjunction is true, all elements must be verified to be true
4. What strategy would you adopt to show that the conjunction φ1 ∧ φ2 ∧ . . . ∧ φn
is false?
To show at the conjunction is false, at least one of the elements must be checked as false

5. Simplify the following symbolic statements as much as you can, leaving your
answer in a standard
symbolic form (assuming you are familiar with the notation):
(a) (π > 3) ∨ (π > 10)
π>3
(b) (x < 0) ∨ (x > 0)
x≠o
(c) (x = 0) ∨ (x > 0)
x≥0
(d) (x > 0) ∨ (x ≥ 0)
x≥0
(e) (x > 3) ∨ (x2 > 9)
x2>9
6. Express each of your simplified statements from question 5 in natural English.
a)pi is less than 3

b)x is not equal to 0


c)x is not equal to 0
d)x is greater than or equal to 0
e)x2 is less than 9
7. What strategy would you adopt to show that the disjunction φ1 ∨ φ2 ∨ . . . ∨ φn is
true?
To show that the disjunction is true, one of the elements must be true
8. What strategy would you adopt to show that the disjunction φ1 ∨ φ2 ∨ . . . ∨ φn
is false?
To show that the disjunction is false all the elements must be false
9. Simplify the following symbolic statements as much as you can, leaving your
answer in a standard symbolic form (assuming you are familiar with the notation):
(a) ¬(π > 3.2)
π ≤ 3.2
(b) ¬(x < 0)
X≥0
(c) ¬(x2 > 0)
X=0
(d) ¬(x = 1)
X≠1
(e) ¬¬ψ
ψ
10. Express each of your simplified statements from question 9 in natural English.
a)pi is less than or equal to 3.2
b)x is greater than or equal to 0
c)x equals 0
d)x is not equal to 1
e)psalmus (ψ)

11. Let D be the statement “The dollar is strong”, Y the statement “The Yuan is
strong” and T the statement “New US–China trade agreement signed”. Express the
main content of each of the following (fictitious) newspaper headlines in logical
notation. (Note that logical notation captures truth, but not the many nuances and
inferences of natural language.) How would you justify and defend your answers?

D= “The dollar is strong”


Y=“The Yuan is strong”
T= “New US–China trade agreement signed”

(a) Dollar and Yuan both strong


D∧ Y
(b) Yuan weak despite new trade agreement, but Dollar remains strong
(¬Y ∧ T )∧ D
(c) Dollar and Yuan can’t both be strong at same time.
¬(D ∧ T) / ¬D ∧ Y or ¬Y ∧ D

(d) New trade agreement does not prevent fall in Dollar and Yuan
T ∧¬D ∧¬ Y
(e) US–China trade agreement fails but both currencies remain strong
¬T ∧ D∧ Y

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