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DIT 0305 Object Oriented Analysis and Design

Object oriented analysis and design involves organizing requirements around real-world objects that integrate both data and functions. The key elements of object modeling include abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, and hierarchy. Abstraction describes a system's properties while suppressing details. Encapsulation binds attributes within a class and uses data hiding to insulate an object's data from direct outside access. Modularity divides a program into separately compiled modules. Hierarchy represents the ranking of abstractions. Objects are real-world elements that have identity, state, and behavior, while classes are collections of objects that share common properties and behavior.

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74 views2 pages

DIT 0305 Object Oriented Analysis and Design

Object oriented analysis and design involves organizing requirements around real-world objects that integrate both data and functions. The key elements of object modeling include abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, and hierarchy. Abstraction describes a system's properties while suppressing details. Encapsulation binds attributes within a class and uses data hiding to insulate an object's data from direct outside access. Modularity divides a program into separately compiled modules. Hierarchy represents the ranking of abstractions. Objects are real-world elements that have identity, state, and behavior, while classes are collections of objects that share common properties and behavior.

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IAN
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DIT 0305

OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Introduction
What is Object Oriented Analysis
 It is a method of Analysis that examines requirements from the respective of classes and
objects as related to problem domain.
 It emphasizes the building of real-world modeling using the object-oriented view of the
world.
 Object oriented design involves the understanding of application domain and build an
object model.
 The difference between OOD & OOA is that in OOA requirements are organized around
objects, which integrate both data and functions.
What is Object Oriented Programming?
This is a method of implementation in which programs are organized as cooperative
collection of objects, each of which represents an instance of some class and whose classes are
all members of a hierarchy of classes.
OBJECT MODEL
This visualizes the elements in a software application in terms of objects. There are 4
major elements of object modeling; Abstraction, Encapsulation, Modularity, Hierarchy. Object
model is a conceptual framework for all Object-oriented programs
(i) Abstraction - This is defined as a description of a system that emphasizes some of
the system details or properties while suppressing others.

(ii) Encapsulation – This is the process of binding attributes together within a class.
The internal details of a class can be hidden from outside.

 Data Hiding- A class is designed such that its data (Attributes) can
be accessed only by its class methods and insulated from direct
outside access. This process of Insulating an Objects data is called
is called data/ Information Hiding.
-
(iii) Modularity- this consists the dividing of programme into modules which can be
compiled separately but which have connections with other modules.

(iv) Hierarchy- This is the ranking or ordering of abstractions


OBJECTS & CLASSES
The concept of objects and classes are linked with each other and form the foundation of Object-
Oriented paradigm.
Object – An object is a real-world element in Object oriented environment that may have a
physical or a conceptual existence. Each object has;
 Identity that distinguishes it from other objects in the system
 State that determines the characteristic property of an object as
well as the values of the properties.
 Behavior that represents externally visible activities performed by
an object.in terms of changes in its state.
Class – A class represents a collection of objects having the same characteristic property that
exhibits common behavior.

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