Activity 4

OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Cut five rectangular strips from a sheet of paper and paste them on the
hardboard in such a way that three of the rectangles are in horizontal line
and two of the remaining rectangles are also placed horizontally in a line
just below the above three rectangles. Write the symbol U in the left/right
top corner of each rectangle as shown in Fig. 4.1, Fig. 4.2, Fig. 4.3, Fig. 4.4
and Fig. 4.5.
2. Draw three circles and mark them as A, B and C in each of the five rectangles
as shown in the figures.
3. Colour/shade the portions as shown in the figures.

DEMONSTRATION
1. U denotes the universal set represented by the rectangle in each figure.
2. Circles A, B and C represent the subsets of the universal set U.

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 3. In Fig. 4.1, coloured/shaded portion represents B ∩ C, coloured portions in
Fig. 4.2 represents A ∪ B, Fig. 4.3 represents A ∪ C, Fig. 4.4 represents
A ∪ ( B ∩ C) and coloured portion in Fig. 4.5 represents (A ∪ B) ∩ (A∪ C).

OBSERVATION
1. Coloured portion in Fig. 4.1 represents ___________.
2. Coloured portion in Fig. 4.2, represents ___________.
3. Coloured portion in Fig. 4.3, represents ___________.
4. Coloured portion in Fig. 4.4, represents ___________.
5. Coloured portion in Fig. 4.5, represents ___________.
6. The common coloured portions in Fig. 4.4 and Fig. 4.5 are __________.

7. A ∪ ( B ∩ C ) = ____________.

Thus, the distributive law is verified.

APPLICATION NOTE
Distributivity property of set operations In the same way, the other distributive
is used in the simplification of problems law
involving set operations.
A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
can also be verified.

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Activity 6
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
To distinguish between a Relation Drawing board, coloured drawing
and a Function. sheets, scissors, adhesive, strings,
nails etc.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Take a drawing board/a piece of plywood of convenient size and paste a
coloured sheet on it.
2. Take a white drawing sheet and cut out a rectangular strip of size
6 cm × 4 cm and paste it on the left side of the drawing board (see Fig. 6.1).

a a
1

b b

2
c c

Fig. 6.1 Fig. 6.2

a a
1 1

b b

2 2
c c

Fig. 6.3 Fig. 6.4

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 a a
1 1

b b

2 2
c c

Fig. 6.5 Fig. 6.6

3. Fix three nails on this strip and mark them as a, b, c (see Fig. 6.1).
4. Cut out another white rectangular strip of size 6 cm × 4 cm and paste it on
the right hand side of the drawing board.
5. Fix two nails on the right side of this strip (see Fig. 6.2) and mark them as
1 and 2.

DEMONSTRATION
1. Join nails of the left hand strip to the nails on the right hand strip by strings
in different ways. Some of such ways are shown in Fig. 6.3 to Fig. 6.6.
2. Joining nails in each figure constitute different ordered pairs representing
elements of a relation.

OBSERVATION
1. In Fig. 6.3, ordered pairs are ____________.
These ordered pairs constitute a ___________ but not a _________.
2. In Fig. 6.4, ordered pairs are __________. These constitute a _______ as
well as ________.
3. In Fig 6.5, ordered pairs are _______. These ordered pairs constitute a
________ as well as ________.
4. In Fig. 6.6, ordered pairs are ________. These ordered pairs do not represent
______ but represent ________.

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APPLICATION
Such activity can also be used to demonstrate different types of functions such
as constant function, identity function, injective and surjective functions by
joining nails on the left hand strip to that of right hand strip in suitable manner.

NOTE
In the above activity nails have been joined in some different ways.
The student may try to join them in other different ways to get more
relations of different types. The number of nails can also be changed
on both sides to represent different types of relations and functions.

26 Laboratory Manual

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