VIRGINIA CENTURIONE BRACELLI SCHOOL

Daughters of Our Lady on Mount Calvary

Poctoy, Odiongan, Romblon
S.Y. 2021-2022 QUARTER 2
MODULE 1
GENERAL PHYSICS 1 – GRADE 12 WEEK 1

Name:_____________________________________

LESSON 1: WORK, ENERGY AND POWER  the work done by frictional force of air when a ball is
falling downwards.

 the work done the buoyant force when a coin is sinking

Objectives: At the end of the lesson the students should
be able to: Example 1
A. A student exert a force of 750 N in pushing a car a distance of 28
1. Define work and energy. m. How much work did the student do o the car?
2. Know how work and energy are related. Given: F = 825 N Unknown: W = ?
3. Know what is power and how it is related to d = 35 m
work and energy Solution:
4. Relate the work done by a constant force to W = Fdcosθ θ = 0°
change in kinetic energy of a system = (750 N)(28 m) cos 00
5. Determine the gravitational potential energy, = 21 000 J
elastic potential energy, and kinetic energy of a
body B. A rock climber weighing 645 N climb in a cliff. After 30.0 min,
6. Solve problems involving work, energy and the climber is 8.2 m above the starting point.
power, including metabolic rates. a. How much work does she do lifting herself?
Given: F = 645 N
d = 8.2 m
Unknown W = ?

WORK
Solution: W = Fdcosθ
Work as a Dot Product
θ = 90°
Work is defined as the dot product of force F and displacement d in = (645 N)(8.2 m) cos 900
the direction of the force. An action done on an object that displaces =0J
the object. C. A sailor pulls a boat a distance of 24.0 m along a dock using a
rope that makes a 220 angle with the horizontal. How much work
W = F∙ d = Fd cosθ does the rope do on the boat if its tension is 242 N?
Where theta is the angle from the Given: F = 242 N Solution:
horizontal. d = 24 m W = Fdcosθ
If theta (θ )(horizontal) is zero, the θ = 22° = (242 N)(24 m) cos 220
equation becomes Unknown: W = ? = 5 385.08 J ≈ 5385
W = Fd . or 5.385 x 103 J
If theta is 900 (vertical) the equation is equal to zero.
Work is scalar quantity. Therefore, it can be positive or negative. Activity 1
Activity 1
1. A wagon is pulled by a force of 42.0 N exerted on the handle at an
Work is positive if the force has
angle of 420 with the horizontal. If the wagon Is pulled for 160 m,
a component in the same.
how much work was done on the wagon?
direction as the motion.
ENERGY
It is the capacity to do work.
Work is zero if the force is
perpendicular to the motion Work-Energy Theorem (WE = ∆ KE )
Work energy theorem is the change in kinetic energy. An object in
motion can do work.
Energy is merely a property of a system.
Kinds of Energy
Work is negative if the force has a
 Kinetic energy (KE) – energy associated with motion
component opposite the direction
Translational kinetic energy – energy due to changing
of motion.
position
1
Example of work that is positive: KEtrans = m v2
 When an object moves on horizontal surface 2
 Riding a bicycle
 Kicking a ball
1
A system’s translational kinetic energy is equal to times
 Pushing and moving a table 2
Examples of work that is zero. the system’s mass multiplied by the squared system’s
 You are carrying two buckets of water in your hands and speed.
not moving  Mechanical energy is the sum of the potential and kinetic
 A person holds a bundle of hay over his head for 15
energies of the body. ME = KE + PE
minutes and gets tired
 You sit on a chair for hours  Potential Energy – It is represented by U, is the energy
Examples of work that is positive possessed by a body by virtue due to position of an object
relative to Earth’s ground. A raised object possesses
 The work done by gravitational force when we climb on a gravitational potential energy. If it falls back to its original
tree. level, it can do work. Gravitational energy (UG) is given
by the formula: UG = mgh, where m is the mass of the
object, g is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity,
 and h is the height where the object is located. Note that the 65 000 W
reference point for zero gravitational potential energy is the Unknown: F = ? =
35.0 s cos 0°
ground.
= 1857.1 N ≈ 1857 N
 Elastic potential energy is energy due to configuration and
is common in elastic materials such as springs. It is stored Activity 2
in rubber bands, bowstrings, slingshots and even in clocks
or watches that operate from a wound-up spring. A. A 650 N box is lifted up a distance of 25. 0m by a cable attached
1 to a motor. The box moves with constant velocity and the job is done
 Us = k¿ in 12.0 s. What power is developed by the motor in W and kW?
2
The unit of energy is joules (j). B. An electric motor develops 70 kW of power as it lifts a loaded
elevator 18 m in 40 s. How much force does the motor exert?
Example 2
A. A 35.0 kg child climbs a 6.00 m long slide that is inclined 30 0 with Metabolic Rate
the horizontal. What is the gravitational potential energy of the child It refers to how fast the body converts energy from food into energy
with respect to the ground when it reaches the top of the slide? for the body to perform different functions. Metabolic rate is affected
Solution: by one’s weight, age, gender, and physical activities. Even when a
UG = mgh = (35.0 kg)(9.8 m.s2)(6.00 m)sin 300 = 1 029 J body is at rest, it consumes energy to maintain functions such as
breathing, repairing and growing cells, and circulating blood. How
B. Which has greater kinetic energy – a 2.0 kg body moving at 3.0 fast the body consumes this energy is called basal metabolic rate.
m/s or 3.0 kg body moving at 2.0 m/s?
Solution:
Metabolic Rates of Some Physical Activities per kilogram
Let K1 be the kinetic energy of the 2.0 kg body moving at 3.0 m/s.
Activity Metabolic Activity Metabolic
Let2 be the kinetic energy of the 3.0 kg body moving at 2.0 m/s. Rate Rate
1 (W/Kg) (W/Kg)
K1 = (2.0 kg)¿)2 = 9.0 J Sleeping or 1.4 Washing the car 4.9
2
lying down
1 Sitting or light 1.4 or 1.9 Gardening 4.9
K2 = K1 = (3.0 kg )¿ )2 = 6.0 J
2 sitting activities
The 2.0 kg body has a greater kinetic energy than 3.0 kg body. Standing 2.8 Brisk walking 5.6
Washing 2.8 Dancing 5.6
dishes , cooking (general)
POWER Bathing, 2.8 Calisthenics 5.6
It is the rate at which energy is transformed. It is equal to the change dressing (like push-ups)
in energy divided by the time required for the change. Laundry 2.8 Golf 6.3
∆E folding, ironing
P= Sweeping the 3.5 Aerobic dancing 6.3-8.4
t floor
When work causes the change in energy, power is equal to the work Volleyball 3.5 Swimming 7.0-9.8
done divided by the time taken to do work. (recreational) ( light to
W moderate)
P= Moderate 4.2 Basketball 7.7
t
Walking (recreational)
Power is measured in watts (W). one watt is 1 j of energy
transformed in 1 s. Stretching, yoga 4.2 Circuit training 9.8

Example 3. Example 4
A. An electric motor lifts an elevator 9.00 m in 15.0 s by exerting an A. How much energy a typical student who walks at a moderate
upward force of 1.20 x 10 4 N. What power does the motor produce in speed from his dormitory to his school and from his school to his
kW? dormitory for 1 h spends, sits in his class and takes down notes for 4
Given: d = 9.00 m Solution: h, and sleeps for 6 h? Assume that his mass is 65 kg.
Solution:
Fdcos θ Total energy spent = [(4.2 W/kg)(1 h) + ( 1.9 W/kg)(4 h)+(1.4 W/kg)
t = 15. S P=
t ( 6 h)]((3 600 s)/(1 h)) ( 65 kg)
F = 1.20 x 104 N = = 4.7 268 x 106 J ≈ 5 x 106 J
4
(1.2 x 10 )(9.00m)cos 0 °
15.0 s
Unknown: P = ? = 7 200 W or 7.20 kW

B. You push a wheelbarrow a distance of 60. 0 m at a constant speed

for 25.0 s by exerting a 145-N force horizontally.
What power do you developed? Performance Task 1
Given: d = 60.0 m Solution:
Fdcos θ Compute the total energy you spend from 8:00 AM – 9:00 PM.
t = 25. s P= Indicate the activities and the number of hours you spend for each
t activity. For metabolic rate, refer to the table above.
F = 145 N =
( 145 N )( 60.0 m ) cos 0 ° CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that in a closed, isolated
25. 0 s system, energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather energy is
Unknown: P = ? = 348 W or 0.348 kW conserved. Under these conditions, energy can change form but the
system’s total energy in all forms remains constant.
C. An electric motor develops 65 kW of power as it lifts a loaded
elevator 17.5 m in 35 s. How much force does the motor exert? Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Given: d = 17.5 m Solution: When mechanical energy is conserved, the sum of the system’s
Fdcos θ kinetic energy and potential energy before an event is equal to the
t = 35. s P= sum of the system’s kinetic energy and potential energy after the
t event.
P KEi + PEi = KEf + PEf
P = 65 kW = 65 000 W F =
dcos 0 °
The conservation of mechanical energy is an important in designing
roller coasters, ski slopes and the pendulums for grandfather’s clocks.
Strategies when solving problems about conservation of energy.
1. Carefully identify the system. Determine whether the system is
closed. In closed system, no objects enter or leave the system.
2. Identify the forms of energy in the system. Identify which forms
are part of the mechanical system.
3. Identify the initial and final states of the system.
4. Is the system isolated?
a. If there are no external forces acting on the system, then the
system is isolated and the total energy of the system is constant.
Einitial = EFinal
b. If there are external forces, then the final energy is the sum of the
initial energy and the work done on the system. Remember that
work can be negative.
Einitial + W = Efinal
5. For an isolated system, identify the types of energy in the system
before and after. If the only forms of energy are potential and
kinetic, mechanical energy is conserved.
KEi + PEi = KEf + PEf

Example 5
1. A 22.0 – kg tree limb is 13.3 m above the ground. During
hurricane, it falls on a roof that is 6.0 m above the ground.
a. Find the kinetic energy of the limb when reaches the roof. Assume
that the air does no work on the tree limb.
b. What is the limb’s speed when it reaches the roof?
Given: m = 22.0 kg Unknown: GPEi = ?
g = 9.8 N/kg vf = ?
hlimb = 13.3 m GPEf = ?
vi = 0.0 m/s KEf = ?
hroof = 6.0 m
KEi = 0.0 j

Solution:
a. Set the reference level as the height of the roof.
Find the initial height of the limb relative to the roof.
H = hlimb - roof = 13.0 m – 6.0 m = 7.3 m

Determine the initial potential energy of the limb-Earth system.

GPEi = mgh = (22.0 kg)( 9.8 N/kg)(7.3 m) = 1.6 x 103J

Identify the initial kinetic energy of the system.

KEi = 0.0 J
Identify the final potential energy of the system.
PEf = 0.0 J
Use the law of conservation of energy to find the KEf
KEf + GEf = KEi + GEi
KEi = KEf + GEi - GEf
= 0.0 J + 1.6 x 103 - 0.0 J
= 1.6 x 103
b. Determine the speed of the limb.
1
KEf = m v 2f
2

v f = 2 KE f 2(1.6 x 103 J )
√ m
=
√ 22.0 kg
= 12 m/s

Activity 3
1. A 1 800 kg car travels at a speed of 20 m/s. What is its kinetic
energy?

2. Tanya has a mass of 55 kg and a speed of 12.0 m/s.

a. Find Tanya’s kinetic energy.
b. Tanya’s speed decreases to 8.0 m/s . Now what is her kinetic
energy?
c. Find the ratio of the kinetic energy in parts a and b. Explain
how this ratio relates to the change in speed.