1. Sheela is walking to school now.
(Present continuous)
2. Sheela was walking to school when I saw her yesterday. ( Past
Continuous)
3. When you called me, I was eating my dinner.
4. Sheela will be walking to school tomorrow in the morning at 9AM.
(Future continuous)
5. Did you like the movie?:
6. Do you like the movie?/ Does your teacher like the idea?
7. I have written a story. : Pr Perf: He has written a poem.
8. I had written a story after I watched a film.: Past Per
9. I will have written a story by the end of June. : Future Perf
General formula of a Sentence:
Subject + Verb + Object :
Content Words
Grammar Words
1. Sheela Walking School
2. You Like Movie
3. I Written Story
Helping Verb/ Auxiliary Verb
Help Speaker to identify the tense of the sentence.
In English, we have three main Auxiliary Verbs:
1. Be : am/is/are was/were will be and also all not forms like
isn’t/aren’t/am not wasn’t/weren’t and will not be
2. Do : do/does did not forms like don’t/doesn’t and didn’t
3. Have: has/have had will have and all the not forms like
hasn’t/haven’t had not will not have.
Past Present Future
Simple DO Do: did Do: do/does *******
Progressive BE Be: was/were Be: am/is/are Be: will be
Perfect HAVE Have: had Have: has/have Have: will have
Perfect prog ------------ -------------- -------------
Be: Progressive: S + Be + V1ing + O
V1+ing =V4= Present Participle/ Gerund
present: am/is/are and amnot/isnot/arenot:
Formula: S+ is/am/are +V1ing+O
Example: I am eating pizza.
I am not eating pizza.
Past: was/ were and wasn’t/were not
Formula: S + was/were+ V1ing + O
Example: I was eating pizza when you called me yesterday.
I was not eating pizza when you called me yesterday.
Future: will be and will not be
Formula: S + will be + V1ing + O
Example: I will be eating pizza by this tomorrow.
I will not eating pizza by this time tomorrow.
Do: Simple: S + Do + V1+ O
Do + S + V1 + O?
Present: do/does and don’t/doesn’t
Formula: S + don’t /does not + V1 + O
Questions: Do/Does + S + V1 + O
Example: I don’t like the movie.
John doesn’t like the movie.
Question: Do you like the movie?
Does John like the movie?
Past: did and did not
Formula: S + did not + V1 + O
Questions: Did + S + V1 + O
Examples: I didn’t like the movie.
Did you like the movie?
Have : Perfect : S + HAVE + V3 + O
Present: has/ have and hasn’t/haven’t
Formula: S + has/have + V3 + O
Examples: I have written a poem.
Ram has written a poem.
Past: had and had not
Formula: S + had + V3 + O
Examples: I had written a poem yesterday.
Future: will have and will not have
Formula: S + will have + V3 + O
Example: I will have written a poem by 5pm today.
Auxiliary Verb Exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct auxiliary verb from the choices
presented:
1. What ________________ the kids doing when you last saw
them? (was, were, are, did, been)
2. Carla ________________ always wanted to try skydiving. (was,
doesn’t, has, is, have)
3. Where __________________ you go on your summer
vacation? (were, been, are, did, does)
4. Why do you think she __________ call you like she said she
would? (didn’t, is, hasn’t, has been, have)
5. Mary _____________ going to be upset when she hears what
happened. (will, don’t, is, didn’t, has)
6. Jeremy _____________ want to go to the movies; he wants to
stay home instead. (doesn’t, isn’t, wasn’t, hasn’t, was not)
7. I _________________ appreciate his jokes. They weren’t funny.
(did, have, been, didn’t, haven’t)
8. I really like fish but I _______________ care for meat. (weren’t,
been, don’t, is, was)
9. Where _____________ you going when I saw you last night?
(were, was, is, do, did)
10. Tara ________________ called yet; she’s late as usual.
(are, were, has, hasn’t, wouldn’t)
Singular Plural
I Person I We
II Person YOU YOU
III person He/ She/ It / They / Any
any Noun in Noun in plural
Singular form form
Present perfect: Carla has worked hard on the project.
I have worked hard
We have worked hard………
You have worked hard…....
They have worked hard…………
Present simple: I walk to school
You walk to school
We walk to school.
Students walk to school.
Catherine walks to school
Perfect Tense: Completed actions
Past tense: doesn’t explain you whether the action is completed or
not.
Past tense is nothing but a time frame: to denote when the action
happened?
Present perfect: happened in the past but still effecting present: past
+ present :
Recently completed action. There’s no other completed action after
that action.
I have eaten an apple.
I have sent a mail to you please check.
It has rained.
Past perfect: completed action before a completed action.
I had eaten an apple before the bell rang.
1. Eating an apple
2. Bell rang
I had sent an email before I received yours.
Future Perfect:
I will have finished my dinner by the time you reach my home.
