MATHEMATICS 7 QUARTER 1 Week 6

Competency:
The learner describes principal roots and tells whether they are rational or irrational (M7NS-lg-1),
and determines between what two integers the square root of a number is (M7NS-lg-2).

Expectations
This module was designed to help you identify the principal root of a number and classify it whether
it is rational or irrational. This will also help you identify as to which two consecutive integers a square
root of a number is in between.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. find the principal 𝑛𝑡ℎ root of a number;
2. determine whether the principal root is rational or irrational number; and
3. determine between what two consecutive integers a square root of a number lies.

Pre-test
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the principal root of √49 ?

A. – 7 B. 7 C. 14 D. 28
2. The following gives a rational root except __________.
4
1 3 3 1 D. √16
A. √ B. √ C. √
16 4 27

3. How would you classify the value of √160 ?

A. Fraction B. Integers C. Irrational D. Rational
4. The value of √85 can be found in between, which of the following consecutive integers?
A. 8 & 9 B. 9 & 10 C. 10 & 11 D. 11 & 12
5. Which of the following numbers can we find in between the two consecutive integers, 13 &
14?
A. √90 B. √130 C. √180 D. √900

Looking Back at your Lesson

From your previous lesson, you have learned that a number which can be written as a ratio of two
integers is called a rational number. That means it can be written as a fraction, in which both the
numerator and the denominator are whole numbers. For example, 2.5 is a rational number since it
5 10
can be written as , or another fraction of two integers. Likewise, 7 is a rational number because it
2 4

MATH 7 QUARTER 1 WEEK 6 P a g e 1|9

 7
can be expressed as . Every whole number is a rational number because any whole number can be
1
written as fraction with a denominator 1. All numbers that are not rational are irrational numbers.

Introduction of the Topic

Lesson 1: Principal Roots

Exponents can be used to express that a number (the base) is being multiplied by itself one
or more times. We can write 5 x 5 as 52 (read as 5 squared), 2 x 2 x 2 as 23 (read as 2 cubed),
3 x 3 x 3 x 3 as 34 (read as 3 raised to the 4th power).

Reversing the abovementioned process, we can find the roots of a given number. These roots
3 4 5
are square root (√ ), cube root ( √ ), 4th root ( √ ), 5th root ( √ ) and so on. A square root of 25 is
5 because 5 x 5 or 52 = 25. The cube root of 8 is 2 because 2 x 2 x 2 or 23 = 8. The 4th root of 81 is 3
because 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 or 34 = 81. Finally, the 5th root of -32 is -2 since (-2)(-2)(-2)(-2)(-2) or (−2)5 =-32.
The same process goes for the 6th root and the others.
The table below shows how various roots reverse raising numbers to powers.

Table 1
Reversing nth Power with nth Roots
Power Roots Vocabulary
Square roots 102 = 100 √100 = 10 the index of the radical is 2
(3)2 = 9 √9 = 3
Cube roots 5³ = 125 3
√125 = 5 the index of the radical is 3
(−2)3 = −8 3
√−8 =−2
4³ =64 3
√64 = 4
Fourth roots 2⁴ =16 4
√16 = 2 the index is 4
3⁴ = 81 4
√81 = 3
Fifth roots 3⁵ =243 5
√243 = 3 the index is 5
nth roots 𝑏𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑛
√𝑎 = b the index is n
𝟐
Note: when the index is 2, it is usually omitted: √𝒂 = √𝒂

Principal nth root of a number

𝒏
The principal nth root of a number a is represented as √𝒂 where n ( also called the
index) is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and a is the radicand.

The principal nth root of a positive number is the positive nth root while the
principal nth root of the negative number is the negative nth root (if n is odd). If n
(index) is even and the radicand is negative, the principal nth root is not defined (it does
not exist).

Examples
Determine the principal roots of the following numbers.
3 1 4 5 4
1) √121 2) √− 3) √625 4) √0.25 5) √32 6) √−81
27

Solution:
1) √121 Think of a number when multiplied by itself results to 121.

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 (11)(11) = 11² =121. Therefore, √𝟏𝟐𝟏 = 11

3 1 1
2) √− Determine what number when multiplied by itself three times equals - .
27 27

1 1 1 1 3 1 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
(− ) (− ) (− ) = (− ) = − . Therefore, √− =−
3 3 3 3 27 𝟐𝟕 𝟑

4
3) √625 Identify what number when multiplied by itself four times will result to 625.
𝟒
(5)(5)(5)(5) = 54 = 625. Therefore, √𝟔𝟐𝟓 = 𝟓

4) √0.25 Find a number when multiplied by itself is equal to 0.25.

(0.5)(0.5) = (0.5)2 = 0.25. Therefore, √𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟓

5
5) √32 Think of a number when multiplied by itself five times will result to 32.
𝟓
(2)(2)(2)(2)(2) = 25 = 32. Therefore, √𝟑𝟐 = 𝟐

4
6) √−81
In this given example, the index is 4 (which is an even number) and the radicand is -81. This
means that the root does not exist because there is no number when you multiply by itself
4 times will result to a negative number.

Classifying Principal Roots as Rational or Irrational Numbers

To determine whether the principal root of a number is a rational or an irrational number, identify if
the radicand is a perfect nth power of a number. If it is, then the root is rational. If not, the root is
irrational.
Examples
Determine if the root of each of the following numbers is a rational or an irrational number.
3 169 3
1) √625 2) √99 3) √125 4) √ 5) √192
324

Solution:

1) √625 = √(25)2 = 𝟐𝟓
625 has a perfect square root. Therefore, the root is rational

2
2) √99 = √(9)(11) = √(32 )(11) = 𝟑√𝟏𝟏
99 does not have a perfect square root. Therefore, its root is irrational

3 3
3) √125 = √53 = 5
125 has a perfect cube root. Therefore, the root is rational

169 13 2 13
4) √ = √( ) =
324 18 18
169
has a perfect square root. Therefore, its root is rational
324

3 3 3 3
5) √192 = √(64)(3) = √(4)3 (3) = 4 √3
192 has no perfect cube root. Therefore, the root is irrational

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 Activities

Activity 1.1 Find my root !

Find the principal roots of the following radicals.

3
1. √−216
5
2. √3125
3. √−50
4
4. √10000
6
5. √729

Activity 1.2 Complete Me

Complete the table.

𝒏𝒕𝒉 Root Principal Roots Rational or Irrational

1. √56
3
2. √−81
5
3. √−1024

4. √1000
4
5. √625

6. √125
4
7. √16
5
8. √−32
3
9. √−16
4
10. √256

Rational or Irrational ?
Activity 1.3
Write R if the root is Rational, I if the root is Irrational. Justify your answer.

________ 1. √5

1
________ 2. √
4

________ 3. √0.0169
3
________ 4. √81
3
________ 5. √−125

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 4 1
________ 6. √
81

4
________ 7. √64
5
________ 8. √−1
5
________ 9. √0.00032
6
________ 10. √243

Lesson 2: Square Root of a Number Between Two Integers

You should remember the values of square roots, at least up through 100. Once you do that, you
can easily be able to identify where to locate the square root of a given number.

Below are the first 20 perfect squares that you might find helpful in the course of our study.

Table 2
Perfect Square Numbers
1² = 1 6² = 36 11² = 121 16² = 256
2² = 4 7² = 49 12² = 144 17² = 289
3² = 9 8² = 64 13² = 169 18² = 324
4² = 16 9² = 81 14² = 196 19² = 361
5² = 25 10² = 100 15² = 225 20² = 400

In this lesson, you will determine between what two integers the square root of a number is. To do
this, determine which two perfect squares the radicand falls between then, find the integers that
represent the square roots of these perfect squares.

Examples:
Find two integers between which the following radical lies.

1) √12 2) √50 3) √110 4) √500

Solution:

1. √12

9 < 12 < 16 12 lies between the perfect squares 9 and 16.

√9 < √12 < √16 √12 lies between √9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √16

3 < √12 < 4 √12 lies between √9 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √16 = 4

Answer: √𝟏𝟐 lies between 𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟒

2. √50

49 < 50 < 64 50 lies between the perfect squares 49 and 64.

√49 < √50 < √64 √50 lies between √49 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √64

7 < √50 < 8 √50 lies between √49 = 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √64 = 8

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 Answer: √𝟏𝟐 lies between 𝟕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟖

3. √110

100 < 110 < 121 110 lies between the perfect squares 100 and 121.

√100 < √110 < √121 √110 lies between √100 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √121

10 < √110 < 11 √110 lies between √100 = 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √121 = 11

Answer: √𝟏𝟏𝟎 lies between 𝟏𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏𝟏

4. √500

484 < 500 < 529 500 lies between the perfect squares 484 and 529.

√484 < √500 < √529 √500 lies between √484 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √529

22 < √500 < 23 √500 lies between √484 = 22 𝑎𝑛𝑑 √529 = 23

Answer: √𝟓𝟎𝟎 lies between 𝟐𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟐𝟑

Activities

Activity 2.1 Perfect Pairs!

Determine what two perfect squares does each of the following numbers under the radical symbol
lie.
1) √15
2) √60
3) √21
4) √84
5) √140

I’m stuck in between

Activity 2.2
Identify in which two integers does each of the following square roots lie.

1) √35

2) √150

3) √200

4) √350

5) √230

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Activity 2.3 Let’s Compare!

Write >, <, 𝑜𝑟 = inside the box to make the mathematical statements true.
1. √4 + √9 √4 + 9
5. √4 +
2. √25 + √9 √64 4. √4 +
√9
3. √36 − √25 √36 − 25
3. √9√4 +
4. √49 + √100 √49 ×√4100
+ 9+
2.√9 √4
5. √81 × √9 √81 × 9 4 √9
++9
1. √√4
√4 + 9
√9
√4 + 9

Remember √4 + 9

Index 𝒏
√𝒂
Radicand

Radical Symbol
𝑛
▪ If 𝑎 is a real number with at least one 𝑛𝑡ℎ root, then the principal 𝑛𝑡ℎ root of 𝑎, written as √𝑎,
is the number with the same sign as 𝑎 that, when raised to the 𝑛𝑡ℎ power, equals 𝑎. The
𝑛
principal 𝑛𝑡ℎ root of 𝑎 is written as √𝑎, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
▪ To determine whether a principal root is a rational or irrational number, determine if the
radicand is a perfect nth power or not. If it is, then the root is rational otherwise it is irrational.
▪ In determining between what two consecutive integers a square root of a number lies, identify
which two perfect squares the radicand falls between, then find the integers that represent
the square roots of these perfect squares.

Check your Understanding

A. Identify the principal roots of each number and tell whether it is rational or irrational.

Principal Rational or
𝒏𝒕𝒉 Root Roots Irrational

1. √81
2. √88
3. √500
4
4. √625
3 27
5. √−
125

B. Determine between what two integers does each of the following square roots lie.

1) √34
2) √11
3) √138

MATH 7 QUARTER 1 WEEK 6 P a g e 7|9

 4) √312
5) √546

Post-test
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the principal root of √49 ?

A. – 7 B. 7 C. 14 D. 28
2. The following gives a rational root except __________.
4
1 3 3 1 D. √16
A. √ B. √ C. √
16 4 27

3. How would you classify the value of √160 ?

A. Fraction B. Integers C. Irrational D. Rational
4. The value of √85 can be found in between, which of the following consecutive integers?
A. 8 & 9 B. 9 & 10 C. 10 & 11 D. 11 & 12
5. Which of the following numbers can we find in between the two consecutive integers, 13 &
14?
A. √90 B. √130 C. √180 D. √900

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 MATHEMATICS 7
Quarter 1 Week 6
ANSWER SHEET

Name: Math Teacher:

Section: Score:

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