Drill 15.

In Drill 14, if R3 is a variable resistor, to what value to which it should be adjusted for
the total power dissipated by the circuit to be 988.2353 watts?
Solution: Ra = R2R3/(R2 + R3) = 30R3/(30 + R3)
R = R1 + Ra = 6 + [30R3/(30 + R3)]
Finding the least common denominator,
R = (180+6R3+30R3)/(30+R3) = (180+36R3)/(30+R3)
P = E2/R = 1202/[(180 + 36R3)/(30 + R3)] = 988.2353
1202/988.2353 = (180 + 36R3)/(30 + R3)
14.5714 (30 + R3) = 180 + 36R3
437.1429 + 14.5714R3 = 180 + 36R3
437.1429 – 180 = 36R3 – 14.5714R3
` R3 = 257.1429/21.4286 = 12 Ω

Drill 16. In Drill 14, if R3 is a variable resistor, to what values to which it should be adjusted for
the power in R1 equal to the power in R3?
Solution: P1 = P3
Apply current divider formula for parallel circuit
I12 R1 = I32 R3
I3 = I R2 / (R2 + R3) = I1 R2 / (R2 + R3)
I12 R1 = [I1 R2 / (R2 + R3)]2 R3
6 I12 = [302 I12 / (302 + 2 (30) R3 + R32)] R3
6 = 900 R3 / (900 + 60 R3 + R32)
900 + 60R3 + R32 = 150R3
R32 + 60R3 + 900 – 150R3 = 0
R32 – 90R3 + 900 = 0  quadratic equation and have two possible roots
Apply quadratic formula
R3 = [-b ± (b2 – 4ac)1/2]/2a where: a = 1, b = -90, c = 900
R3+ = {90 + [902 – 4(1)(900)]1/2}/2(1) = 78.541 Ω
R3- = {90 – [902 – 4(1)(900)]1/2}/2(1) = 11.459 Ω
Note: superscript + and superscript – means using
addition and subtraction operation respectively

Alternate solution:
Apply voltage divider formula for series circuit
V12/R1 = V32/R3
V1 = E R1 / (R1 + Ra) and V3 = Va = E Ra/ (R1 + Ra)
[E R1/ (R1 + Ra)]2/ R1 = [E Ra/ (R1 + Ra)]2/ R3
R12 / R1 = Ra2 / R3
 R1 = [30 R3/ (30 + R3)]2 / R3
6 = [900 R32 / (900 + 60 R3 + R32)] / R3
1 = 150 R3 / (900 + 60 R3 + R32)
900 + 60 R3 + R32 = 150 R3
R32 + 60 R3 + 900 – 150 R3 = 0
R32 – 90 R3 + 900 = 0  same quadratic equation as in the first solution

Drill 17. In the circuit shown, calculate: a. total equivalent resistance; b. total current; c. total
power dissipated.

Solution:

Ra = R6 + R7 = 2 + 2 = 4 Ω
Rb = R5 Ra / (R5 + Ra) = 4 (4) / (4 + 4) = 2 Ω

Rc = R4 + Rb = 10 + 2 = 12 Ω
Rd = R2 + R3 = 4 + 8 = 12 Ω

Re = Rc Rd / (Rc + Rd)
Re = 12 (12) / (12 + 12) = 6 Ω
 a. R = Re + R1 = 6 + 4 = 10 Ω
b. I = E/R = 5/10 = 0.5 amp
c. P = I2R = 0.52 (10) = 2.5 watts
or P = E2/R = 52/10 = 2.5 watts

Drill 18. Determine the source current and the total power dissipated in each of the circuits
shown in the figure.

a.

b.
c.

d.

e.
Solution: a.

10(8) 80 40
Ra = 10+8 = 18 = = 4.4444 Ω
9
2(4) 8 4
Rb = 2+4 = 6 = 3 = 1.3333 Ω
40 4 52
R = Ra + Rb = +3= = 5.7778 Ω
9 9
E 9 45
I = R = 5 (52) = 52 = 0.8654 amp
45 225
P = I E = 52 (5) = = 4.327 watts
52

b.

50(30) 75
Ra = 50+30 = = 18.75 Ω
4
R = 100 + Ra + 80 = 180 + 18.75 = 198.75 Ω
E 50 40
I = R = 198.75 = 159 = 0.2516 amp
2000
P = I2 R = 0.25162 (198.75) = = 12.5786 watts
159
c.

Ra = 100 +30 +80 = 210 Ω

Rb = 50 + 20 = 70 Ω
210(70) 105
R = RaRb/(Ra+Rb) = 210+70 = = 52.5 Ω
2
E 120 16
I = R = 52.5 = = 2.2857 amp
7
1920
P = E2/R = 1202/52.5 = = 274.2857 watts
7

d.

Ra = 50 +20 = 70 Ω
1 1 1 280
Rb = 1/(40 + 70 + 10) = = 7.18 Ω
39
280 1450
R = 30 + Rb = 30 + = = 37.18 Ω
39 39
E 39 468
I = R = 24 (1450) = 725 = 0.6455 amp
468 11232
P = I E = 725 (24) = = 15.5 watts
725
 e.

100(200) 200
Ra = 100+200 = = 66.6667 Ω
3
200 260
Rb = Ra + 20 = + 20 = = 86.6667 Ω
3 3
10(86.6667) 260
R = 10 Rb/(10 + Rb) = 10+86.6667 = = 8.9655 Ω
29
E 29 261
I = = 90 ( )= = 10.03846 amp
R 260 26
261 2 260 11745
P = I2 R = ( 26 ) ( 29 ) = = 903.4615 watts
13

Drill 19. Given: E = 30 volts, R1 = 1 Ω, R2 = 2 Ω, R3 = 3 Ω, R4 = 4 Ω, R5 = 5 Ω, R6 = 6 Ω, R7 = 7 Ω,

R8 = 8 Ω, R9 = 9 Ω
Req’d: a.Total resistance and total power dissipated
b. Current through each resistor and voltage across each resistor
c. Power dissipated by each resistor
Solution: a.

Ra = R5 + R6 = 5 + 6 = 11 Ω
Rb = R7 + R9 + R8 = 7 + 9 + 8 = 24 Ω
11(24) 264
Rc = Ra Rb / (Ra + Rb) = 11+24 = 35 =7.54286 Ω

264 404
Rd = R4 + Rc = 4 + = = 11.54286 Ω
35 35
3(11.54286) 1212
Re = R3 Rd / (R3 + Rd) = 3+11.54286 = = 2.38114 Ω
509
1212 2739
R = R1 + Re + R2 = 1 + 509 + 2 = 509 = 5.38114 Ω
P = E2 / R = 302 / 5.38114 = 167.2508 watts

b.
E 30 5090
I = I1 = I2 = R = 5.38114 = 913 = 5.57503 amp base on the 4th or final equivalent
diagram
5090 5090
V1 = I1 R1 = 913 (1) = 913 = 5.57503 volts
5090 10180
V2 = I2 R2 = 913 (2) = 913 = 11.15005 volts
Apply Current Divider Formula to solve I3
5.57503(11.54286) 4040
I3 = I Rd / (R3 + Rd) = 3+11.54286 = 913 = 4.425 amp base on the 3rd equivalent
diagram
4040 12120
V3 = I3 R3 = 913 (3) = 913 = 13.275 volts
or Vd = V3 = 13.275 volts
 12120 35 1050
Id = Vd / Rd = (404) = =1.15005 amp
913 913
1050
I4 = Id = = 1.15005 amp
913
5090 4040 1050
or I4 = I1 – I3 = 913 – 913 = 913 = 1.15005 amp base on the 2nd equivalent
diagram
1050 4200
V4 = I4 R4 = 913 (4) = 913 = 4.60022 volts
V3 = V4 + V c
12120 4200 720
Vc = V3 – V4 = 913 – 913 = 83 = 8.6747 volts base on the 2nd equivalent diagram
Vc = Va = Vb = 8.6747 volts base on the 1st equivalent diagram
8.6747 30
Ib = I7 = I9 = I8 = Vb / Rb = 24 = 83 = 0.36145 amp base on the 1st equivalent
diagram
I4 = Ia + Ib
1050 30 720
Ia = I4 – Ib = I5 = I6 = 913 – 83 = 913 = 0.78861 amp
720
V5 = I5 R5 = 913 (5) = 3.94305 volts
720
V6 = I6 R6 = 913 (6) = 4.73165 volts
30
V7 = I7 R7 = 83 (7) = 2.53012 volts
30
V8 = I8 R8 = 83 (8) = 2.89157 volts
30
V9 = I9 R9 = 83 (9) = 3.25301 volts
Note: There are many other ways of solving this problem.

c.
P1 = I1 V1 = 5.57503 (5.57503) = 31.08096 watts
P2 = I22 R1 = 5.575032 (2) = 62.16186 watts
P3 = V32 / R3 = 13.2752 / 3 = 58.74188 watts
P4 = I4 V4 = 1.15005 (4.60022) = 5.29048 watts
P5 = V52 / R5 = 3.943052 / 5 = 3.10953 watts
P6 = I62 R6 = 0.788612 (6) = 3.73143 watts
P7 = I7 V7 = 0.36145 (2.53012) = 0.91451 watts
P8 = I82 R8 = 0.361452 (8) = 1.04517 watts
P9 = V92 / R9 = 3.253012 / 9 = 1.17579 watts