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Assignment 2

The document contains 14 questions about digital modulation techniques including pulse code modulation (PCM), delta modulation (DM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), and quantization. The questions cover topics like Nyquist rate, quantization step size, bandwidth requirements, signal reconstruction, and signal-to-noise ratios.

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41 views2 pages

Assignment 2

The document contains 14 questions about digital modulation techniques including pulse code modulation (PCM), delta modulation (DM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), and quantization. The questions cover topics like Nyquist rate, quantization step size, bandwidth requirements, signal reconstruction, and signal-to-noise ratios.

Uploaded by

somojit das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 2

1. A DM system is tested with a 10kHz sinusoidal signal, 1V peak to peak at the input. The
signal is sampled at 10times the Nyquist rate.
(a) What is the step size required to prevent slope overload and to minimize the granular
noise.
(b) What is the power spectral density of the granular noise?
(c) If the receiver input is band limited to 200kHz, what is the average (S/NQ).

2. A television signal (video and audio) has a bandwidth of 4.5 MHz. This signal is sampled,
quantized, and binary coded to obtain a PCM signal. If the samples are quantized into 1024
levels, determine the minimum bandwidth required to transmit this signal if the signal is to
be sampled at a rate of 20% above the Nyquist rate.

3. A television signal (video and audio) has a bandwidth of 4.5 MHz. This signal is sampled,
quantized, and binary coded to obtain a PCM signal. If the samples are quantized into 1024
levels, determine the number of binary pulses required to encode each sample if the signal
is to be sampled at a rate of 20% above the Nyquist rate.

4. A band-limited signal x(t) is sampled by a train of rectangular pulses of width τ and period T.
i) Find an expression for the sampled signal.
ii) Determine the spectrum of the sampled signal and sketch it.

5. A television signal (video and audio) has a bandwidth of 4.5 MHz. This signal is sampled,
quantized, and binary coded to obtain a PCM signal. Determine the sampling rate if the
signal is to be sampled at a rate of 20% above the Nyquist rate.

6. Twenty-four voice signals are sampled uniformly and then time-division multiplexed. The
sampling operation uses flat-top samples with 1 s duration. The multiplexing operation
included a provision for synchronization by adding an extra pulse of sufficient amplitude and
also 1 s duration. The highest frequency component of each voice signal is 3.4 kHz.
Assuming a sampling at the Nyquist rate, calculate the silence time between successive
pulses of the multiplexed signal.

7. The input of a PCM and a Delta Modulation (DM) is a sine wave of 4KHz. PCM and DM are
both designed to yield an output SNR of 30dB. Assuming PCM sampling at 5 times the
Nyquist rate. Compare the bandwidth required for each system.

8. Consider a pulse amplitude modulated signal corresponding to a message signal m(t) with
maximum frequency FM with the pulse given as a symmetric triangle of height 1 from –T/2
to T/2, where T is much smaller than the inter-sample interval Ts. How can the original signal
be reconstructed from the PAM signal when there is no aliasing?
9. Consider a sinusoidal modulating signal m(t)=Am cos(2πfmt).). The maximum value of the
amplitude Am for no slope overload distortion corresponding to a sampling frequency fs and
What is the step size Δ?

10. Consider the exponential sample distribution FM(m)=2e−2m, 0≤m≤∞. What is the optimal
quantization level corresponding to the interval [0, ∞]?

11. A signal m(t) = cos(200pt) + 2 cos(320pt) is ideally sampled at fS = 300Hz. If the sampled
signal is passed through a low pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 250Hz. What frequency
components will appear in the output?

12. A television signal (video and audio) has a bandwidth of 4.5 MHz. This signal is sampled,
quantized, and binary coded to obtain a PCM signal. If the samples are quantized into 1024
levels, determine the number of binary pulses required to encode each sample if the signal
is to be sampled at a rate of 20% above the Nyquist rate.

13. A sinusoidal signal of 2 kHz frequency is applied to a delta modulator. The sampling rate and
step-size △ of the delta modulator are 20,000 samples per second and 0.1 V, respectively.
What is the maximum amplitude of the sinusoidal signal (in Volts) to prevent slope
overload?

14. The amplitude of a random signal is uniformly distributed between -5V and 5V. If the signal
to quantization noise ratio required in uniformly quantizing the signal is 43.5dB. What is the
step size of the quantization?

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