RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PRACTICAL FILE

B. Com (H)-216

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT OF

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (HONOURS)

B.COM HONOURS 4TH SEMESTER

BATCH 2018-2021

Ms. Tanvi Gupta Vikas Singh Shekhawat

Assistant Professor 41714188818

JAGANNATH INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT SCHOOL

KALKAJI
 CONTENT

S.NO. TOPIC PAGE

NO.

1. INTRODUCTION TO MS EXCEL

1.1 Basic information

1.2 Benefits

1.3 Create workbook and spreadsheet

1.4 Naming and adding

1.5 Data entry

1.6 Basic excel function of Ribbon

2. EXCEL FORMULA

2.1 Sum

2.2 Sumproduct

2.3 Minimum

2.4 Maximum

2.5 Small

2.6 Large

2.7 Average

2.8 Count, Count A, Count blank

2.9 Count IF

2.10 IF conditional

2.11 Correlation and Regression

3. LOOKUP Functions
3.1
VLOOKUP
3.2 HLOOKUP
3.3 INDEX MATCH
4. Pivot Table
4.1
Creation of Pivot Table
(Columns, Rows, Values, Filtering)
4.2 Substitution of count function
4.3 Cross Checking of Data
5. Charts
5.1 Bar Graph
5.2 Column Graph
5.3 Pie Chart
5.4 Line Graph
6. Questionnaire
6.1 Linking to Google Sheet
6.2 Response Sheet
6.3 Summary
7. Import Data
8. Entering Data in Data View and Variable
9. Descriptive Analysis

9.1 Descriptive
9.2 Frequency Analysis
9.3 Graphical Representation
10. Saving and Copying Results from Output Window
 INTRODUCTION TO MS EXCEL
1.1 BASIC INFORMATION

There are numbers of spreadsheet programs but from all of them, Excel is most widely used. People
have been using it for last 30 years and throughout these years, it has been upgraded with more and
more features.

The best part about Excel is, it can apply to many business tasks, including statistics, finance, data
management, forecasting, analysis, inventory, billing, and business intelligence.

Following are the few things which it can do for you:

 Number Crunching
 Charts and Graphs
 Store and Import Data
 Manipulating Text
 Templates/Dashboards
 Automation of Tasks

1.2 BENEFITS OF MS EXCEL

Analyzing and storing data

One of the best uses of MS Excel is that you can analyse larger amounts of data to discover trends.
With the help of graphs and charts, you can summarize the data and store it in an organized way so
that whenever you want to see that data then you can easily see it. It becomes easier for you to store
data and it will definitely save a lot of time for you. Once the data is stored in a systematic way, it
can be used easily for multiple purposes.

Excel tools make your work easier

There are so many tools of MS Excel that make your work extremely easy and save your time as
well. There are wonderful tools for sorting, filtering and searching which all the more make you
work easy. If you will combine these tools with tables, pivot tables etc. then you will be able to
finish your work in much less time. Multiple elements can be searched easily from large amounts of
data to help solve a lot of problems and questions.

Data recovery and spreadsheets

Another best use of MS Excel is that if your data gets lost then you can recover it without much
inconvenience. Suppose, there is a businessman who has stored his important data in MS Excel and
somehow it gets lost or the file gets damaged then he must not worry as with the new MS Excel
XML format one can restore the lost or damaged file data. With the help of new Microsoft MS Excel
XML format, you can reduce the size of the spreadsheet and make things compact easily.

Mathematical formulas of MS Excel make things easier

Next best use of MS Excel is that it makes easy for you to solve complex mathematical problems in
a much simpler way without much manual effort. There are so many formulas in MS Excel and by
using these formulas you can implement lots of operations like finding sum, average, etc. on a large
amount of data all at once.

Security

The chief use of MS Excel is that it provides security for excel files so people can keep their files
safe. All the files of MS Excel can be kept password-protected through visual basic programming or
directly within the excel file.

Add sophistication to data presentations

Next use of MS Excel is that it helps you in adding more sophistication to your data presentations
which means that you can improve the data bars, you can highlight any specific items that you want
to highlight and make your data much more presentable easily. You can even make the spreadsheets
more attractive on which you have stored data.

Online access

Another use of MS Excel is that it can be accessed online from anywhere and everywhere which
means that you can access it from any device and from any location whenever you want. It provides
the facility of working conveniently which means that if you don’t have laptops then you can use
mobile and do your work easily without any problem. Therefore, due to the large amount of
flexibility that MS Excel provides, people like to work on MS Excel so that they can comfortably
work without worrying about their device or location.

Keeps data combined at one location

Another interesting use of MS Excel is that you can keep all your data at one location. This will help
you in saving your data from getting lost. It will keep all your data in one place and then you will not
have to waste your time in searching for the files. So, it will save your time and whenever need be,
you can look up the categorized and sorted data easily.

Helps businessmen in developing future strategy

You can represent data in the form of charts and graphs so it can help in identifying different trends.
With the help of MS Excel, trend lines can be extended beyond graph and therefore, it helps one in
analysing the trends and patterns much easier. In business, it is very important to analyse the
popularity of goods or the selling pattern that they follow to maximize sales. MS Excel simplifies
this task and helps businessmen grow and maximize profits through the same.

Manage expenses

MS Excel helps in managing expenses. Suppose if a doctor is earning around 50,000 per month then
he will make some expenses as well and if he wants to know how much he is exactly spending per
month then he can do it with the help of MS Excel easily. He can write his monthly income as well
as expenses in the excel tables and then he can get to know that how much he is spending and he can
thus, control his expenses accordingly.

You can store a large amount of data in the MS Excel and analyse it as well. It helps in keeping the
data combined in one place so that data does not get lost and one does not waste time in finding a
particular data. Due to these factors, it has become such a popular software and we have become
habitual of using it.
1.3 WORKBOOK AND SPREADSHEETS

In Microsoft Excel, files are organized into workbooks and worksheets.

WORKBOOK:

A workbook is just a fancy name for a Microsoft Excel file. These two terms — "workbook" and
"file" — can be used interchangeably. Like many other computer programs, Excel allows you to
open and close workbooks, as well as save them to your computer. All of these functions are
accomplished using the File menu, which you may also be familiar with from other programs you've
used.

To access the File menu, click the green tab marked "File" on the top left of your screen:
Once you click this button, Excel will open up something called the backstage view. The backstage
view is used to manipulate files, and contains functionality that will allow you to Save, Open, Close,
and Print your workbooks:

WORKSHEET:

Each workbook contains a number of different worksheets, which are tabs into which you can input
data. Worksheet tabs appear at the bottom of each workbook. Notice that each worksheet has its own
name; by default, a workbook will open up with three worksheets, called Sheet1, Sheet2, and Sheet3,
respectively. But you're free to add, delete, and rename these worksheets as you see fit.

You can navigate between worksheets by clicking on one of these tabs, like in the screenshot
below. You can also use hotkeys to do it: Ctrl + PgUp or PgDn on Windows.
Right-click a worksheet tab to bring up the worksheet options menu, which will allow you to
manipulate the worksheets in your workbook. Here, you can Insert, Delete, Rename, Move, Copy,
or Hide a worksheet, as well as a few other features (like changing the colour of a worksheet tab).
1.1 Naming and adding of a sheet.

1) Double-click the sheet tab, and type the new name.

2) Right-click the sheet tab, click Rename, and type the new name.
3) Use the keyboard shortcut Alt+H > O > R, and type the new name.
4) For adding a new sheet, click on the plus sign.
1.5 DATA ENTRY:

Every time a user has to add a new record, he/she will have to select the cell in the next empty row
and then go cell by cell to make the entry for each column.

While this is a perfectly fine way of doing it, a more efficient way would be to use a Data Entry
Form in Excel.

Below is a data entry form that you can use to make entries to this data set.

The highlighted fields are where you would enter the data. Once done, hit the Enter key to make the
data a part of the table and move on to the next entry.You would notice that there is no option to use
a data entry form in Excel (not in any tab in the ribbon).To use it, you will have to first add it to the
Quick Access Toolbar (or the ribbon).
 1.6 EXCEL FUNCTIONS OF RIBBON:

Microsoft Excel ribbon is the row of tabs and icons at the top of the Excel window that allows you
to quickly find, understand and use commands for completing a certain task. It looks like a kind of
complex toolbar, which it actually is.

The ribbon first appeared in Excel 2007 replacing the traditional toolbars and pull-down menus
found in previous versions. In Excel 2010, Microsoft added the ability to personalize the ribbon.

The ribbon in Excel is made up of four basic components: tabs, groups, dialog launchers, and
command buttons.

 Ribbon tab contains multiple commands logically sub-divided into groups.

 Ribbon group is a set of closely related commands normally performed as part of a larger
task.
 Dialog launcher is a small arrow in the lower-right corner of a group that brings up more
related commands. Dialog launchers appear in groups that contain more commands than available
space.
 Command button is the button you click to perform a particular action.

Ribbon tabs

The standard Excel ribbon contains the following tabs, from left to right:

File – allows you to jump into the backstage view that contains the essential file-related commands
and Excel options. This tab was introduced in Excel 2010 as the replacement for the Office button in
Excel 2007 and the File menu in earlier versions.
Home – contains the most frequently used commands such as copying and pasting, sorting and
filtering, formatting, etc.

Insert – is used for adding different objects in a worksheet such as images, charts, PivotTables,
hyperlinks, special symbols, equations, headers and footers.

Draw – depending on the device type you're using, it lets you draw with a digital pen, mouse, or
finger. This tab is available in Excel 2013 and later, but like the Developer tab it is not visible by
default.

Page Layout – provides tools to manage the worksheet appearance, both onscreen and printed.
These tools control theme settings, gridlines, page margins, object aligning, and print area.

Formulas – contains tools for inserting functions, defining names and controlling the calculation
options.

Data – holds the commands for managing the worksheet data as well as connecting to external data.

Review – allows you to check spelling, track changes, add comments and notes, protect worksheets
and workbooks.

View – provides commands for switching between worksheet views, freezing panes, viewing and
arranging multiple windows.

Help – only appears in Excel 2019 and Office 365. This tab provides quick access to the Help Task
Pane and allows you to contact Microsoft support, send feedback, suggest a feature, and get quick
access to training videos.

Developer – provides access to advanced features such as VBA macros, ActiveX and Form controls
and XML commands. This tab is hidden by default and you have to enable it first.

Add-ins – appears only when you open an older workbook or load an add-in that customizes the
toolbars or menu.
 EXCEL FORMULA

2.1 SUM:

SYNTAX: =SUM(RANGE)
2.2 SUMPRODUCT:

SYNTAX: =SUMPRODUCT (array1, [array2], [array3], ...)

2.3 MINIMUM:

SYNTAX: =MIN (RANGE)

2.4 MAXIMUM:

SYNTAX: =MAX (RANGE)

2.5 SMALL

SYNTAX: =SMALL (RANGE, N)

2.6 LARGE

SYNTAX: =LARGE (RANGE, N)

2.7 AVERAGE

=AVERAGE (number1, [number2], ...)

2.8 COUNT:  

SYNTAX: =COUNT (RANGE)

2.9 COUNTA

SYNTAX: =COUNTA (value1, [value2], ...)

2.10 COUNTBLANK

SYNTAX: =COUNTBLANK (RANGE)

2.11 COUNTIF:

SYNTAX: =COUNTIF (range, criteria)

2.12 IF CONDITIONAL:

SYNTAX: =IF (logical test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])

2.13 CORRELATION:

SYNTAX: CORREL (ARRAY1, ARRAY2)

 LOOKUP FUNCTIONS

3.1 VLOOKUP

VLOOKUP is an Excel function to lookup and retrieve data from a specific column in table.
VLOOKUP supports approximate and exact matching. The "V" stands for "vertical". Lookup values
must appear in the first column of the table, with lookup columns to the right.

Syntax 

=VLOOKUP (value, table, col_index, [range_lookup])

q. finds out the gross salary for emp id 16.

3.2 HLOOKUP

HLOOKUP is an Excel function to lookup and retrieve data from a specific row in table. The "H" in
HLOOKUP stands for "horizontal", where lookup values appear in the first row of the table, moving
horizontally to the right. HLOOKUP supports approximate and exact matching.

Syntax 
=HLOOKUP (value, table, row_index, [range_lookup])

q. find out color for car model a8.

3.3 INDEX MATCH

INDEX finds the lookup value by column and row numbers, and MATCH provides those numbers.
For vertical lookup, you use the MATCH function only to determine the row number and supply the
column range directly to INDEX.
=INDEX (column to return a value from, MATCH (lookup value, column to look up against, 0)

Q. give index match for gross salary 60000 in terms of first name
 PIVOT TABLE
A pivot table is a summary of your data, packaged in a chart that lets you report on and explore
trends based on your information. Pivot tables are particularly useful if you have long rows or
columns that hold values you need to track the sums of and easily compare to one another.

In other words, pivot tables extract meaning from that seemingly endless jumble of numbers on your
screen. And more specifically, it lets you group your data together in different ways so you can draw
helpful conclusions more easily.

The "pivot" part of a pivot table stems from the fact that you can rotate (or pivot) the data in the table
in order to view it from a different perspective. To be clear, you're not adding to, subtracting from, or
otherwise changing your data when you make a pivot. Instead, you're simply reorganizing the data
so you can reveal useful information from it.

STEPS:

1. Enter your data into a range of rows and columns.

2. Sort your data by a specific attribute.
3. Highlight your cells to create your pivot table.
4. Drag and drop a field into the "Row Labels" area.
5. Drag and drop a field into the "Values" area.
6. Fine-tune your calculations.

4.1 Creation of a pivot table

 4.2 Question: Make a pivot table from the given data showing the price of each region and
book name.
Rows: Region, book name
Column: Book type
Value: Book price
4.3 Substitution of a count function

 Countif

Countif function via Pivot Table

1. Go to values click on the field name

2. click on value field settings
3. choose the type of calculation you want for ex. count then click ok.

To find out the no. of book types?

 Extracting Data from The Pivot TABLE

Q. To find out the full record of the particular book

double click the book name

 CHARTS

In Microsoft Excel, a chart is often called a graph. It is a visual representation of data from a
worksheet that can bring more understanding to the data than just looking at the numbers.

A chart is a powerful tool that allows you to visually display data in a variety of different chart
formats such as Bar, Column, Pie, Line, Area, Doughnut, Scatter, Surface, or Radar charts. With
Excel, it is easy to create a chart.

Create a chart

1. Select the data for which you want to create a chart.

2. Click INSERT > Recommended Charts.

3. On the Recommended Charts tab, scroll through the list of charts that Excel recommends
for your data, and click any chart to see how your data will look.

4. If you don’t see a chart you like, click All Charts to see all the available chart types.

5. When you find the chart you like, click it > OK.

6. Use the Chart Elements, Chart Styles, and Chart Filters buttons, next to the upper-right

corner of the chart to add chart elements like axis titles or data labels, customize the look of your
chart, or change the data that is shown in the chart.

7. To access additional design and formatting features, click anywhere in the chart to add
the CHART TOOLS to the ribbon, and then click the options you want on
the DESIGN and FORMAT tabs.
5.1 BAR GRAPH

5.2 COLUMN GRAPH

Q: Give the descriptive analysis of region wise sales.

Pie chart

Q: Give a holistic representation of the inters data on sales by each means across all the
regions.
LINE GRAPH
 QUESTIONNAIRE

Google Forms gives users an easy way to create a survey that contains as many questions as
they need to ask, in a variety style. From planning an event to getting anonymous answers to tough
questions, there are a ton of useful things you can do with Google Forms. 
From multiple choice questions to a linear scale, Google Forms gives you a handful of options for
asking questions. You can also decorate your survey to fit its theme and opt to make certain
questions mandatory.

While Google Forms surveys are typically sent and answered via email, you can also have people fill
in answers on a web page, embed the questionnaire on a site and share it via social media. Here are
our step-by-step instructions for how to create a survey with Google Forms.

STEPS TO MAKE A QUESTONNAIRE:

 1. Click on the dots button.

2. Click on more. Then click on forms.

2. Click on go to google forms.

3. Click on Blank document.
Start creating your questionnaire

1. Name your survey. You can also add a description. If you want to name the Google Form for
your own reference, click Untitled form in the top left corner to edit.

2.Tap on Untitled Question and write a question.

3. Select an option for how the question will be answered. Out of
 Short answer and Paragraph give recipients a blank field to fill in.
 Multiple choice lets users select one answer from a series of options,
while Checkboxes allows users to select multiple answers.
 Dropdown gives recipients a field to click that reveals a menu they will select an answer
from.
 Linear scale allows users to answer by selecting a rating from a range such as 1 to 5.
 Multiple choice grid and check box grid allow recipients to match the options
 Date and Time allow recipients to select a date or time.

 Linking to google sheet

To link your questionnaire to google spreadsheet
1. Go to responses then click on Google spreadsheet icon

2. Click on create.

 Response Sheet

Go to google forms >> Choose your Google forms >> Go to Responses >> As shown
below

6.3 Summary
Interpretation: As per the above pie chart, the data it shows that majority (61.9%) of
responses are agree with the color while preparing for a meal. And also, it shows that
minority of responses don’t care about colors or few of responders are confused.

Interpretation: As per the above data, the majority of responders preferred to be

vegetarian and moving to a healthy diet. And on the other hand, second large responders
preferred to be non-vegetarian (22.2%). And very small responders have to eat gluten
free food and it shows that they are not well. And green portion preferred to eat all of
the above.
Interpretation: As per the above data, majority (46.7%) of people are neutral if we talk
about food trucks. And minority (15.6%) of people don’t feel safe to order food from
food trucks. And few people feel safe and love to order food from food trucks. This
shows that food truck business can shine in India.

Interpretation: As per the above data, majority of people prefers shakes over other
after eating food and also cold drinks. And very few people prefer Port wine and
Sherry after eating food. So, people are getting more fitness freak and avoiding
alcohols.
 Limitations of Google Forms
 It is necessary to have internet to be able to use this tool.
 The design customization is very limited. Advanced users can change the design
to use the tool with a greater number of purposes.
 There are some security concerns. The user has to create a good password and
protects it to increase the level of security.
 There are certain limitations regarding the capabilities of this tool. It accepts
texts up to 500 Kb; images up to 2 Mb; and for spreadsheets the limit is 256 cells or 40
sheets.

7. importing Data Form MS Excel in SPSS

There are a number of different ways to import data into SPSS. We’re going to use a method that
allows backward compatibility with older versions of SPSS.

To start, click File -> Open -> Data (as below).

Once you click Data, the Open Data box will appear.

In the Files of type box, you need to select Excel (see 1 above, though obviously things will look
slightly different if you’re using a Mac). Then navigate to the folder that contains your Excel file,
and you’ll see your Excel file pop up (see 2 above). Open the file, and you’ll get the Read Excel File
dialog box.

Read Excel File Dialog Box

This dialog box offers a number of options. Mainly these are self-explanatory, but it is probably
worth explaining the “Percentage of values that determine data type” option. This is how the latest
version of SPSS assigns a data type to your variables. The percentage is the proportion of values in a
particular column that must match a specific data type for SPSS to assign that data type to a variable.
In our example, a variable will be assigned to a particular data type if 95% of values match that type
(for example, if 95% of values are numeric in form). The value can be any number above 50. If
SPSS is unable to determine a data type on this basis it will assign the variable to a string type.

Once you’ve selected the options you require, and checked your data looks okay in the preview
window, press OK to begin the import.
8. Entering Data in Data View and Variable

Check Your Data Within SPSS

SPSS will import your data into a new Data View with variable names at the top.

Obviously, the first thing to do here is to check that the data has come across successfully. If
everything looks okay, the next stage is to check whether the various data parameters have been set
correctly. Is numerical data correctly set as numerical, for example?

To check this, click on the Variable View tab (see red arrow, above). This will bring up the variable
view within SPSS.

Variable View

As you can see from the image below, SPSS did a good job with our sample data, correctly
identifying SubjectID, Gender, DogOwner and FrisbeeThrowing as data type numeric, and
Education as data type string.
 Introduction of SPSS

Spss is a widely used program for statistical analysis in social science. It is also used by market
researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government, education researchers, marketing
organizations, data miners, and others. The original spss manual (nie, bent & hull, 1970) has been
described as one of "sociology's most influential books" for allowing ordinary researchers to do their
own statistical analysis. in addition to statistical analysis, data management (case selection, file
reshaping, creating derived data) and data documentation (a metadata dictionary is stored in the data
file) are features of the base software.
Statistics included in the base software:

 Descriptive statistics: cross tabulation, frequencies, descriptive, explore, descriptive ratio

statistics

 Bivariatestatistics: means, t-test, anova, correlation (bivariate,parital,
distances), nonparametic tests, bayesian

 Prediction for numerical outcomes: linear regression

 Prediction for identifying groups: factor analysis, cluster analysis (two-step, k-
means, hierarchical), discriminant
 Geo spatial analysis, simulation
 r extension (gui), python

Advantages of SPSS
1. Data Collection and Organization

Researchers often use SPSS as data collection tools. The data entry screen in SPSS is very
similar to any other spreadsheet software. We can enter variables and quantitative data and
save the file as a data file. Also, we can organize the data in SPS by assigning properties to
different variables. For example, we can specify a variable as a nominal variable and store
that information in SPSS. The next time we visit a data file, possibly weeks, months, or even
years, we'll be able to see precisely how the data is organized.

2. Data Output

After we collect the data and enter it into the data table in SPSS, we can create the output file
from the data. For example, we can create a frequency distribution of data to determine
whether the dataset is typically distributed. The frequency distribution is displayed in the
output file. We can export the items from the output file and put them into the research article
we're writing. Therefore, we can get a table or graph directly from the SPSS data output file
instead of recreating the chart or graph.

3. Statistical Tests

The most apparent use of SPSS is to use the software for statistical testing. SPSS has
statistical tests built into all the most widely used in the software. Therefore, we do not have
 to complete any mathematical procedures by hand. After the statistical analysis is run, all
relevant outputs are displayed in the data output file. We can also transform data by
performing advanced statistical transformations.

Windows>program>IBM SPSS Statistics 19

DESCRIPTIVE
Q:1 the coach of a high school swim team runes a practice for 10 swimmers and records their time
(in sec) on a piece of paper each swimmer is practicing the 50 M freestyle and the boys on the team
teaser that they did better than girls the coach wants to analyses these results to see what the facts
are. He cods the gender as F(Female) for the girls and M(males) for the boys.

Name Gender Time taken

Sara F 29.34
Jason M 30.98
Juana F 29.78
Duwna F 34.16
Phil M 39.66
Henna F 44.38
Sam M 37.80
Ben M 40.71
Abby F 37.03
Justin M 32.81
H0- There is no significant relationship between age and fats food preference.
Descriptives
FPP
95% Confidence Interval for
Std. Std. Mean Minimu Maximu
N Mean Deviation Error Lower Bound Upper Bound m m
1-10 3 4.6667 .57735 .33333 3.2324 6.1009 4.00 5.00
11-20 2 4.5000 .70711 .50000 -1.8531 10.8531 4.00 5.00
21-30 14 3.5000 1.40055 .37431 2.6913 4.3087 1.00 5.00
31-40 4 2.0000 .81650 .40825 .7008 3.2992 1.00 3.00
41-50 2 1.0000 .00000 .00000 1.0000 1.0000 1.00 1.00
Total 25 3.2800 1.51438 .30288 2.6549 3.9051 1.00 5.00

The table of descriptives given above shows the mean score for fats food preference calculated on a
scale of 1-5. The maximum number of respondants existed of your age 21-30. The highest mean
score of your fast food preference was shown by the age group 1-10 years (S.D. =0.57) and the
lowest mean score for fast food preference was shown by 41-50 years ( S.D.= 0.00)
ANOVA
FPP

Sum of
Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 26.373 4 6.593 4.600 .009

Within Groups 28.667 20 1.433
Total 55.040 24

The ANOVA table given above has F=4.60 P<0.09, thus the Null hypotheisis is rejected as their
exists a staistiaclly significant relationship between age and fastb food preference at 5% level o
significance.
The mean plot given above clearly show that the fast food preference was shown highest of the age
group 1-10 and he lowest is 41-50

FREQUENCIES
There were 5 males and 5 females.

Descriptive statistics has been used to calculate frequencies and destructives depending upon type of
data
GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION
 21/02/2020

From the above graph obtain it can be interpreted that male take more time than female, hence
Female are more efficient.
 Correlation and multiple regression analysis

A sample of 34 stores in the chain is selected for a test market study of XYZ ltd. The store selective
have approx. the same monthly sales volume. two independent variables are considered. the price
which is measure in cents (X1) and the monthly budget for in store promoted expenditure measure in
dollar. The dependent variable y is the no. of power bar sold in a month following table contain the
data from 34 store.

STORE NO. SALES(Y) PRICE(X1) PROMOSTION(X2)

1. 4141 59 200

2 3842 59 200

3 3056 59 200

4 3519 59 200

5 4226 59 400

6 4630 59 400

7 3507 59 400

8 3754 59 400

9 5000 59 600

10 5120 59 600

11 4011 59 600

12 5015 59 600

13 1916 79 200

14 675 79 200

15 3636 79 200

16 3224 79 200

17 2295 79 400

18 2730 79 400

19 2618 79 400

20 4421 79 400

21 4113 79 600

22 3746 79 600

23 3532 79 600

24 3825 79 600

25 1096 99 200

26 761 99 200

27 2088 99 200

28 820 99 200

29 2114 99 400

30 1882 99 400

31 2159 99 400

32 1602 99 400

33 3354 99 600

34 2927 99 600
 NULL hypothesis for correlation

H1: there is no relationship btw price and sale

h2: there is no relationship btw price and promotion

there is no impact of promotion on sales

 Descriptive Statistics
Std.
Mean Deviation N
sales of power 3098.68 1256.422 34
bar
price 77.82 16.286 34
promotion 388.24 162.862 34

Correlations
sales of
power bar price promotion
Pearson sales of power 1.000 -.735 .535
Correlation bar
Price -.735 1.000 -.097
Promotion .535 -.097 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) sales of power . .000 .001
bar
Price .000 . .293
Promotion .001 .293 .
N sales of power 34 34 34
bar
Price 34 34 34
Promotion 34 34 34

Variables Entered/Removed
Variables Variables
Model Entered Removed Method
1 promotion, . Enter
price
a. All requested variables entered.
b. Dependent Variable: sales of power bar
 Model Summary

Change Statistics
Std. Error F
Mode R Adjusted of the R Square Chang Sig. F Durbin-
l R Square R Square Estimate Change e df1 df2 Change Watson
1 .870a .758 .742 638.065 .758 48.477 2 31 .000 2.282

a. Predictors: (Constant), promotion, price

b. Dependent Variable: sales of power bar

ANOVA
Sum of
Model Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 39472730.77 2 19736365.38 48.477 .000a
3 7
Residual 12620946.66 31 407127.312
8
Total 52093677.44 33
1
a. Predictors: (Constant), promotion, price
b. Dependent Variable: sales of power bar

Coefficientsa
Unstandardized Standardized
Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant) 5837.521 628.150 9.293 .000
price -53.217 6.852 -.690 -7.766 .000
promotion 3.613 .685 .468 5.273 .000
a. Dependent Variable: sales of power bar
 Residuals Statistics
Maximu Std.
Minimum m Mean Deviation N
Predicted Value 1291.62 4865.53 3098.68 1093.683 34
Residual -1680.963 1342.426 .000 618.428 34
Std. Predicted -1.652 1.616 .000 1.000 34
Value
Std. Residual -2.634 2.104 .000 .969 34
a. Dependent Variable: sales of power bar
Saving and coping results from output window