WEEKS

Hardware and Software

2-3 Lesson

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After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Define what hardware and software are.

2. Identify the different hardware and software.
3. Know the function of each hardware and software.

A computer is one of the most brilliant inventions of mankind. Thanks

to the computer technology, we were able to achieve storage and processing
of huge amounts of data; we could rest our brains by employing computer
memory capacities for storing information. Due to computers, we have been
able to speed up daily work, carry out critical transactions and achieve
accuracy and precision in work. Computers of the earlier years were of the
size of a large room and were required to consume huge amounts of electric
power. However, with the advancing technology, computers have shrunk to
the size of a small watch. Depending on the processing power and size of
computers, they have been classified under various types. Let us look at the
classification of computers.

Learning Task 1: What you already know.

Let’s check how familiar you are regarding Computer hardware and
software, types and parts. Enjoy and Learn new adventure.

1. It is the physical part or tangible part of the computer.

A. Chassis B. Hardware C. Peopleware D. Software

2. It is the housing that helps protect and organize all the components that
make up a desktop computer.
A. Chassis B. Hardware C. Peopleware D. Software

3. It converts standard electrical power into a form the computer can use.
A. Arithmetic/Logic Unit C. Control unit
B. Central processing unit D. Power supply unit

4. The main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the circuits and
components that run the computer.
A. Adapter board C. Motherboard
B. Expansion board D. Printed circuit board

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5. It is a mass storage device that stores data and programs.
A. Compact Disc B. Diskette C. Flashdrive D. Hard disk drive

6. It performs the calculation, does the comparisons, and controls the other
parts of the computer system.
A. Central processing unit C. Motherboard
B. Graphics processing unit D. Random access memory

7. It is a volatile memory that stores data temporarily while you are working
with computer.
A. Memory card C. Random access memory
B. Motherboard D. Read only memory

8. It is an expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a

display.
A. Graphics card C. Network interface card
B. Modem D. Sound card

9. It uses laser light or electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light
spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from CD or
DVD.
A. Flash drive C. Hard disk drive
B. Floppy disk drive D. Optical disc drive

10. It is a connection point or interface between a computer and an external

or internal device.
A. Outlet B. Port C. Slot D. Socket

D
LEARNING CONTENT:
Computer HARDWARE refers to the physical and tangible components of a
computer. There are different types of computer hardware:

a) Input devices –are devices used to input/enter data and

information to the computer. Input devices allows the end user to
communicate with the computer. Examples:

A mouse is a device that controls the movement

of the cursor or pointer on a display screen.
Source: https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/mouse.html

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 A keyboard is an input device that enables
a user to input text into a computer

Source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2584/keyboard

A scanner is an input device that scans

documents such as photographs and pages of
text. When a document is scanned, it is
converted into a digital format.
Source: https://techterms.com/definition/scanner

A light pen is a light-sensitive computer input

device, basically a pen-shape stylus, that is
used to select text, draw pictures and interact
with user interface elements on a computer
screen or monitor.
Source: https://techterms.com/definition/scanner

Biometrics is an input device used to determine a

person's identity by detecting and matching the
person's physical features, such as fingerprints or
hand geometry to a database.
Source: https://bulkcctvstore.com/collections/kantech-biometric-and-
smart-card-readers

A barcode reader also called as barcode scanner is

an electronic input device that can read printed
barcodes usually found in different products or items
from grocery stores.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode_reader

A Joystick is an input device that can be used for

controlling the movement of the cursor or a pointer in a
computer. This is mostly used for gaming applications
and, sometimes, in graphics applications.
Source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/31108/joystick

A Gamepad or Game Controller is a peripheral input

device designed to be connected to a computer or
console gaming system. It is used for playing video
games of many types, including sports, first-person
shooters, role-playing, and others.
Source: https://www.dataimpressions.com/gaming-controllers

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 A webcam short for web camera is a video camera
that feeds or streams its image in real time to or
through a computer to a computer network. When
"captured" by the computer, the video stream may be
saved, viewed or sent on to other networks travelling
through systems such as the internet.
Source: https://m.famousfix.com/list/computing-input-devices

A Microphone sometimes abbreviated as mic, is

a hardware peripheral and input device originally
invented by Emile Berlinerin 1877 that allows
computer users to input audio into their computers.
Source: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/microphone.

b) Output devices– are devices that display results of the processed

data that was entered using input devices.
Examples:
A monitor is a piece of computer hardware
that displays the video and graphics
information generated by a connected
computer through the computer's video card.

Source: https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-a-monitor-2618155

A printer is an output device that prints paper

documents. This includes text documents,
images, or a combination of both.

Source: https://techterms.com/definition/printer

A computer speakers is an output hardware

device that connects to a computer to generate
sound.

Source: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/speaker.htm

A plotter is a special printer that produces high-

quality output using pens. Plotters create large-sized,
multicolored documents like maps and engineering
drawing.
Source: https://pt.slideshare.net/Baqar1999/output-device-29872456

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 An LCD projector is a type of video projector for
displaying video, images or computer data on a screen
or other flat surface. It is a modern equivalent of
the slide projector or overhead projector.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCD_projector

c) Storage devices – are hardware devices used for storing information

from the computer.
Examples:
A USB flash drive is a small rectangular device
that is designed to be plugged directly into a USB
port on a computer and is often used for
transferring files from one computer to another.
Source:
External https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/flash%20drive
Hard Disk Drive

A hard disk drive is an internal hard drive is

the main storage device in a computer. An
external hard drive is also known as removable
hard drive. It is used to store portable data and
backups.
Internal
Hard Disk Drive Source: https://teachcomputerscience.com/storage-devices/

A floppy disk drive (FDD), or floppy drive, is a

storage device that reads data storage information.
It was invented in 1967 by a team at IBM and was
one of the first types of hardware storage that
could read/write a portable device.
Source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24861/floppy-
disk-drive-fdd

A CD-ROM disc is an optical storage device

that is read-only or cannot be modified nor
deleted.
Source:https://teachcomputerscience.com/storage-devices/

DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW and DVD+RW disc –

DVD-R and DVD+R are recordable discs that
can be written to once, while DVD-RW and
DVD+RW are rewritable discs that can be
written to multiple times.
Source: https://teachcomputerscience.com/storage-devices/

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d) Network devices – also known as network equipment or computer
networking hardware, are electronic devices which are required for
communication and interaction between devices on a computer
network. Specifically, they mediate data transmission in a computer
network.

Examples:
A hub also called a network hub, is a common
connection point for devices in a network. Hubs
are network devices commonly used to connect
segments of a LAN. The hub contains multiple
ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is
copied to the other ports so that all segments of
the LAN can see all packets.
Source: https://www.escotal.com/networkdevices.html

A router is a networking device that forwards

data packets between computer
networks. Routers perform the traffic directing
functions on the Internet.
Source: https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/router/m06f76

A network bridge connects network forming an

aggregate network from two networks or network
segments. Bridging is in the first two layers of the
OSI model.
Source: https://12ipt.weebly.com/bridge.html

Brouter in networking is a combination of Bridge

and a Router, hence it is called as a Brouter. It
provides functions of a bridge and a router so it
can operate at the data link and network layers
of OSI Model. Brouter connects networks which
use different protocols.
Source: https://www.learnabhi.com/brouter-computer-
network-functions/

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 E
COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Computer SOFTWARE refers to the intangible components of a computer.

There are different types of computer software:
a) System software – refers to the files and programs that make up your
computer's operating system.
Examples: Windows 7, Windows 8 Windows 10 and so on.

b) Application software – refer to programs designed for the computer

users. These program helps the end user to perform specific task.
Examples: MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint and so on.

Computer software are collection of instructions that tells the computer

hardware how to work. Computer hardware will work once the computer
software were installed.

Learning Task 2: Look Around You

Look for any computer HARDWARE and SOFTWARE that you have at
home. Place it inside the box.

HARDWARE

SOFTWARE

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 Performance Task 1 – Cut, Paste and Write it!!!
Computer hardware are tangible components of a computer. Cut at
least 10 pictures of computer hardware from the newspaper or magazine and
paste it here. Name the device and the type of hardware.

Example:
Picture Name Type of hardware
USB Flash Drive Storage Device

1.

2.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8
8.

9.

10.

A computer system is composed of computer hardware and

software. Hardware are the tangible parts of the computer and
software are the intangible components. Software are the computer
programs that we installed to make our computer work and perform
specific task. Through software, the end users can do a lot of things
like automates document, create presentation, edit pictures and a lot
more. Bear in mind, that computer hardware will the function well
without installing computer software.

A
Learning Task 3
Identify the following computer hardware and software. Write H for
HARDWARE and S for SOFTWARE.
_______1. Monitor _______6. Adobe Photoshop
_______2. Microsoft PowerPoint _______7. Printer
_______3. Windows 10 OS _______8. Mouse
_______4. Keyboard _______9. Speaker
_______5. Microsoft Excel _______10. Scanner

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Learning Task 4
A. Directions. Determine each of the following devices as to what type of
hardware component. Choose the letter of your answer from the choices
below. Write your answer in CAPITAL LETTER.

A. Input device B. Output device

C. Storage device D. Network device

____1. Flash drive ____6. Headphone

____2. Modem ____7. Repeater
____3. Barcode reader ____8. Biometrics
____4. Plotter ____9. LCD Monitor
____5. Optical disc ____10. Wireless mouse

Performance Task 2: What you have learned.

Let’s check what you have learned regarding Computer hardware and
software, types and parts. Honesty is the best policy.

1. An input device used to determine a person's identity by detecting and

matching the person's physical features, such as fingerprints or hand
geometry to a database.
A. Printer B. Plotter C. Biometrics D. Monitor

2. It refers to the files and programs that make up your computer's

operating system.
A. Application B. System C. Programming D. Utility

3. Also known as network equipment or computer networking hardware, are

electronic devices which are required for communication and interaction
between devices on a computer network.
A. Network device C. Storage device
B. Output device D. Input device

4. It was invented in 1967 by a team at IBM and was one of the first types of
hardware storage that could read/write a portable device.
A. Optical Disc C. Floppy Disk Drive
B. Hard Disk Drive D. Desktop computer

5. It refer to programs designed for the computer users. These program

helps the end user to perform specific task .
A. Application B. System C. Programming D. Utility

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6. A special printer that produces high-quality output using pens. Plotters
create large-sized, multicolored documents like maps and engineering
drawing.
A. Printer B. Plotter C. Biometrics D. Monitor

7. An input device originally invented by Emile Berlinerin 1877 that allows

computer users to input audio into their computers.
A. Microphone B. Floppy disk drive C. Speaker D. Headphone

8. A light-sensitive computer input device, basically a pen-shape stylus, that

is used to select text, draw pictures and interact with user interface
elements on a computer screen or monitor.
A. Scanner B. Mouse C. Lightpen D. Keyboard

9. All devices below are included in Output device, except for...

A. Monitor B. Projector C. Scanner D. Plotter

10. A touchscreen monitor belongs to this type of computer device.

A. Output B. Input C. Storage D. Both A and B

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