______________________________________________________________________________

BAKING SODA WITH

LEMON JUICE AS A
DEODORANT.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Proponent:
BEA LYN A. ORTEGA
Grade 8-Galileo
School Year 2020-2021

Ms. MARY GRACE M. MACATANGAY

Research Instructor
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I. RATIONALE
Baking soda is traditionally been used in cooking, odor prevention, and cleaning.
More recently, though, it’s been touted as the go-to natural ingredient for numerous other
purposes, specifically in the realm of health and personal care. It is the natural chemical and
physical properties of Baking Soda that account for its many safe and effective uses. Baking
Soda, a sodium bicarbonate, is a naturally occurring substance that is present in all living
things--it helps living things maintain the pH balance necessary for life. Baking Soda is made
from soda ash, also known as sodium carbonate. The soda ash is obtained in one of two
ways: it can be manufactured by passing carbon dioxide and ammonia through a
concentrated solution of sodium chloride (table salt). In our case, it is mined in the form of an
ore called trona. Whether the soda ash is mined or processed, it is dissolved into a solution
through which carbon dioxide is bubbled, and sodium bicarbonate precipitates out, forming
'Pure, Safe and Natural" Baking Soda. It is pure enough (more than 99%) to be listed in the
United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) since 1848.

For instace, Baking soda is known for absorbing odor causing bacteria that is why
many natural deodorant brands choose baking soda as their main ingredient to their product.
This absorbing ability resulted to baking soda to become popular as a option natural
deodorant. There may be other potential benefits of using baking soda instead of a
conventional deodorant. This is especially the case for people who have a sensitivity to
chemicals and ingredients used in many commercial deodorants, such as people concerned
that absorbing aluminum from a deodorant can increase their risk of breast cancer and other
cancers. However, there isn’t any scientific research Source to date to support this.Although
research is still ongoing, some early studies indicate that parabens found in beauty and
personal care products may increase the risk of cancerous skin damage.Triclosan,this
ingredient may disrupt some types of hormones. Artificial colors,these may cause skin
irritation. On the other hand, if you have dry or sensitive skin, you could be more prone to
the side effects if you use baking soda under your arms such as rashes,redness,itchiness, and
scaly skin. The drying effect of baking soda is likely due to its alkalinity. A pH of 7.0 and
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above is considered alkaline, and baking soda falls somewhere around 9.0 on the pH scale.
According to other research Source, healthy skin is more acidic, at a pH of around 5.0. So,
when you apply an alkaline substance like baking soda, it could upset your skin’s natural pH
levels. This, in turn, could lead to excessive dryness.

“The idea of baking soda working as a deodorant comes from the fact that it can absorb
odors. When kept in an open box inside the refrigerator, it gets rid of foul smells that may
otherwise embarrass you. While studies have proven that baking soda is extremely essential,
not many have supported its use as an underarm deodorant. It is, however, known that baking
soda has antimicrobial properties, according to a study published in the US National Library
of Medicine National Institutes of Health. This could mean that it can potentially fight off the
odor causing bacteria in the underarms. Whatever you choose, remember to conduct a patch
test first, so you can assess if there is any skin sensitivity/allergy.”(lifestyle desk-2019)

“Many people are so determined to get away from aluminum or other concerning
ingredients on their pits that they turn to baking soda instead. Baking soda (AKA sodium
bicarbonate) is a chemical compound that’s usually mined naturally or produced
commercially. It was formed when, millions of years ago, the world’s salt lakes began to
evaporate and was popularized for household use by Arm & Hammer in the 1840’s. It’s in
deodorants for its ability to absorb sweat and, due to its antibacterial properties, it takes
curbing odor a step further. It’s assumed that, if a deodorant contains a higher percentage of
baking soda, it’s a stronger defense against odor. But, a greater concentration of baking soda
means it’s more damaging to skin.”(calie sleper)

The researcher thought of a way to minimize this problem by making an experiment of

how will the product affect us when use. With the components contained by baking sofa like
calcium, the researcher will make a product using baking soda and apply it to the respondent
to observe the effects of the it. This will dispose of the use of hazardous chemicals being
contained by the other deodorant and in our environment. Thus, raise preservation and rich
environment and resources with the use of creative measures.
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II. RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

According to Aanad Geria (2021) dark spots can result from either hyperpigmentation,
hair follicles peeking through the surface of your skin, or clogged hair follicles and ingrown
hairs. If you see dark hair follicles just under your skin after shaving, your best option is to
try waxing or plucking. Darkened spots from hyperpigmentation (an excess of pigment,
which gives skin color) usually go away on their own after a few months, but there are a few
things you can try to help lighten the affected areas in a shorter amount of time. See a
dermatologist if your dark spots persist despite the steps you’ve taken at home.
According to Calie Sleeper (2017) many people wanted to get away from aluminum or
other concerning ingredients on their pits that they turn to baking soda instead. Baking soda
is a chemical compound that’s usually mined naturally or produced commercially. It was
formed when, millions of years ago, the world’s salt lakes began to evaporate in the 1840’s.
It’s in deodorants for its ability to absorb sweat and, due to its antibacterial properties, it
takes curbing odor a step further. It’s assumed that, if a deodorant contains a higher
percentage of baking soda, it’s a stronger defense against odor. But, a greater concentration
of baking soda means it’s more damaging to skin.
According to Davida Lederle (2017) in western medicine and think that obsessing over
the cleanliness of your food and body/home products is about as healthy as taking a bath in a
sugar-paraben cocktail. But as a former natural beauty-judger I urge you to at least have more
of an open mind to somewhat alternative products. Be conscious and read labels. Make
choices that are reasonable and work in your life. If have extra time and a small budget so
making own homemade deodorant is realistic.
According to Honestly Presh (2018), baking soda is well known for the ability to absorb
odors. The odor-absorbing ability has resulted in baking soda becoming a popular option as a
natural deodorant. Studies have been done on the benefits of baking soda in general, there’s
some scientific research to specifically support its use as an underarm deodorant. The
reported benefits are based on anecdotal evidence of people who have used it to combat their
body odor.
Jasnoor Arora (2019) said that dark discolored underarms aren’t a medical condition and
can be caused due to shaving, accumulation of dead cells, excessive sweating, improper
ventilation, usage of certain medications or deodorants, etc. There are some natural, safe and
cost-effective remedies to lighten your dark underarms without any side effects. Due to
odor-fighting properties, baking soda may be able to combat underarm odor. However,
baking soda isn’t designed for the skin. It’s much more alkaline than skin, which could
disrupt skin’s natural pH balance. This may lead to dryness, itching, redness, and irritation,
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especially if someone have sensitive skin. If concerned about current deodorant and want a
more natural option, talk to a doctor or dermatologist about the best natural options for skin.
Jen (2020) stated that, most store-bought deodorants contain parabens, aluminum, dye,
and a bunch of chemicals. Different studies have theorized that the aluminum in
antiperspirants may increase the risk of breast cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. While other
chemicals may lead to hormonal imbalances. Some have been using the recipe years now and
absolutely love it and use it every day. The only thing change up is the essential oils used,
depending on what scent they feel like that season.
JOHN HENDERSON LAMB, M.D. (2014) stated that, Clinical studies on more than 90
persons have indicated that bicarbonate of soda is a valuable underarm deodorant for
common daily usage. No furunculosis has developed in over 90 cases which have used
bicarbonate of soda over periods of from four weeks to a year's duration. The possible
mechanism of the deodorant action of bicarbonate of soda is mentioned as requiring further
study.
According to Kristeen Cherney (2017) baking soda has been, a popular green alternative
to commercial deodorant for many people. Some suggests patting baking soda under your
arms after showering to neutralize body odor. They recommend that your skin be damp but
not wet. They also suggest that if the baking soda is too abrasive, mix it with either white
clay or cornstarch.
Laura Moss (2020) stated, stores stock a variety of deodorants and antiperspirants, but if
concerned about the health or environmental effects of using such products, there are
alternatives. While some people are worried about common deodorant chemicals like
parabens, formaldehyde and triclosan, most concerns focus on aluminum, the ingredient in
antiperspirant that blocks pores and fights wetness. Aluminum is rumored to be linked to
breast cancer and other diseases; however, the National Cancer Institute says this research is
inconclusive. In addition to these potential health risks, aluminum mining is also destructive
and polluting. If you’re thinking twice about putting such ingredients on body, check out
these natural deodorant alternatives.
Lifestyle desk (2019) stated, many peoples are looking for natural and effective
deodorant nowadays. Deodorant stones are large, smooth crystals of potassium aluminum
sulfate that must be wetted and applied like a regular deodorant stick. The difference between
potassium alum and aluminum chlorohydrate, according to natural health proponents is that
potassium alum is a much larger molecule that’s not thought to be absorbable through skin.
According to Marci Robin (2019), baking soda has long been a common ingredient in
deodorants because of its widely purported ability to absorb the elements of sweat that lead
to unpleasant odor. But as consumers become increasingly aware of what's in their personal-
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care products, they've also become more attuned to which ingredients they're sensitive to.
While many fans of natural remedies look to baking soda for a number of beauty and
wellness purposes odor neutralization. Often listed as sodium bicarbonate in ingredient lists,
baking soda is not typically the deodorant ingredient that's going to cause redness or
irritation. There are various causes of rashes in the armpits, allergic contact dermatitis to a
fragrance contained in the deodorant is one of the more common rashes dermatologists see in
this location.
According to Meaghan Cabassa and Beth Haas (2020), researchers created bath bombs
by combining citric acid, baking soda, and Epsom salts and reacted them at a range of
temperatures. Researchers observed a trend consistent with the Arrhenius equation and
collision theory: the reaction time decreased as the temperature of the water increased. The
experiment uses readily available and inexpensive ingredients, making it very accessible and
an attractive demonstration for outreach events.
Mit. edu (2016) said that do not confuse with baking powder, baking powder contains
baking soda plus a powderized acid, which makes it fizz when wet. You can put about an
eighth of a teaspoonful of baking soda in your palm, you'll need more in certain types of
water up to a teaspoon. Add about a quarter teaspoonful of water, enough to get it wet or
more, if you had to use more for your type of water. Dissolve the baking soda into the water -
the liquid should feel slippery, since sodium bicarbonate is a base. Apply directly to skin.
Then go have a normal active day. Adjust quantities as necessary you may need less, you
may need more.
Natural deco (2018) said that, this clever natural ingredient is part of the reasons our
deodorants work so well, and it’s not only present in natural deodorant. It’s also a common
ingredient in toothpaste and numerous other cosmetic applications. Referring to it as Sodium
Bicarbonate from here, since that is the name legally required when labelling ingredients.
Baking Powder is an entirely different thing and was designed for use in baking applications
and comprised of sodium bicarbonate and one or more acid salt (such as sodium aluminum
sulphate). Given Sodium Bicarbonate is a powerful antibacterial and helps to prevent
infections by eradicating underarm bacteria, it prevents body odor from forming.
According to wikihow (2019), some may be concerned about chemicals in store-bought
deodorants and want to use a natural remedy instead. Baking soda makes a great deodorant,
and lasts up to 24 hours. You can apply a mixture of baking soda and water; create a paste
using baking soda, arrowroot powder, coconut oil, and essential oils; or even make a
deodorizing spray from baking soda, aloe vera, witch hazel, and essential oils. No matter
your preference, you’ll be fresh and odor-free with these natural deodorants.
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III. RESEARCH QUESTION(S), HYPOTHESIS(ES), ENGINEERING GOAL(S),

EXPECTED OUTCOMES:

RESEARCH QUESTION(S)
This study, Baking soda with lemon juice as deodorant will be conducted to
determine if it will be effective like commercial products. Likewise, this also seeks to
answer the following specific problems:

1. How much can the ingredients of baking soda with lemon juice as
deodorant cost?
2. How can the intensity of chemicals affect in terms of:
2.1. Odor?
2.2. Color?
2.3. Texture?
2.4. Skin’s health?
3. How can the effect of baking soda with lemon juice as deodorant, be
described in terms of?
3.1. Length of effectiveness?
3.2. Length of harm effect and ineffectiveness?
Research questions:
1. How much can the ingredients of baking soda with lemon juice as
deodorant cost?
-The cost of each ingredient in making the products are very convenient
and budget-friendly. To make the product you only need little amount of each
ingredients.
2. How can the intensity of chemicals affect in terms of: odor?
-The baking soda with lemon juice helped to keep the underarm odor-
free. The more product being used the more it will absorb the odor and not
smell throughout the whole day.
3. How can the intensity of chemicals affect in terms of: color?
-The baking soda with lemon juice happens to not lighten the dark spot or
color. It shows that the color remains as it is.
4. How can the intensity of chemicals affect in terms of: texture?
-The baking soda with lemon juice helps to keep the skin dry. When the
product is applied, the skin becomes smooth as the product is absorb by the
skin.
5. How can the intensity of chemicals affect in terms of: skin’s health?
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-The baking soda with lemon juice helps to keep the skin healthy. It does
not give any itchiness and all.
6. How can the effect of baking soda with lemon juice as deodorant, be
described in terms of: Length of effectiveness?
-The baking soda with lemon juice when used helps to keep the odor away
through the whole day, it keeps it dry and smooth.
7. How can the effect of baking soda with lemon juice as deodorant, be
described in terms of: Length of harm effect and ineffectiveness?
-The baking soda shows no harm effect. Although it does not help to
lighten up the color of the dark spot.

HYPOTHESIS(ES)
Due to some concerns about the ingredients in conventional deodorant, there’s
been a lot of interest in natural options for combating underarm odor. One such
alternative is baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate.
It has the same purpose with other original deodorant that can be bought from
stores but less expensive. Baking soda has a ability to absorb odor which make it option
to use for deodorant. Baking Soda’s deodorization power is a result of its ability to
neutralize odors, rather than just covering up odors with perfumes. Baking Soda
deodorizes by bringing both acidic and basic odor molecules into a neutral, more odor-
free state. Use Baking Soda as a personal deodorant for underarms and feet, and as a
household deodorant on carpets, upholstery and in the fridge and freezer. Baking Soda
can also deodorize when it’s dissolved in water. In addition, this is easy to use and make.
Some chemicals that contain baking soda might upset or irritate one’s skin. For a
person that has a sensitive skin, this might be hazardous to him. Baking soda disrupts
enzyme activity on the surface along with good bacteria that love acidity resulting good
bacteria less likely to fend off viruses, bad bacteria and breakouts along with other
contaminants in nature. When the skin loses the oily barrier that protects the skin, it can
be dry and cracked, and let in infection, or you can even get extra oily skin to compensate
for the loss of moisture.
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ENGINEERING GOAL(S)

Baking soda has some chemicals that our skin might take up that can harm it. The
researchers should accurately measures the requirements so there are no complication
when applying the product. The goal of this research is to know the benefits and side
effects we can get by using baking soda as a deodorant, does using the product can help
us or harm us. So that we don’t have to buy expensive deodorant that may be toxic or not
effective. That’s why by doing this experiment needs careful and accurate amount of
everything because one wrong measurement might ruin the study. Inexpensive and
effective deodorant could help the society to save up money and solve their odor
problems. But using this product can be also hazardous if not being careful and instead
of solving our odor problem we are harmed by the side effect of using the product.

The researcher will set up a remote area or place where the respondents will be
observe for safety measures and precautions so we can’t harm while conducting the
study. The researcher should prepare PPE’s in case needed. The data that the researchers
gathered will be used as a subject to researcher’s study to enhance and contribute to the
society for future use for further innovation .

EXPECTED OUTCOME(S)

The product will be effective and beneficial to people. It will cost less than that of
commercialized deodorant. It is not harmful nor unpleasant for humans to touch, smell, or
look. It will lighten dark spot. Since it is has some chemicals, the product will not affect
one’s skin or hygiene. The effect on the human will be observed in a short time, and it
will affect longer with a smaller amount of baking soda applied to it. They will bring
convenient and productive products to the consumers. To know the side effects of using
baking soda as a deodorant. People being aware of disadvantages of using baking soda as
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their deodorant. Baking soda affecting or upset one’s skin. The product being safe to use
to human specially to those who have sensitive skin.

The research will contribute to human knowledge and betterment. Innovation use
of baking soda. Hence, this will be a great success and help with the outgrowing problem
that baking soda is harmful and not safe. This product generally does not have a
significant difference in contrast to the commercial deodorant.

COMPARISON OF THE EXPERIMENT

The experiment is amazing. The outcome are good and lovely. The respondents
stated that the product helped their body become odor-free especially with hot and sunny
day. It also helps to keep the spot dried and smooth. Furthermore, it did not give any side
effects such as rashes, allergies, and more. Showing that the product is safe to use. In
addition, it is also easy to make and very budget-friendly compared to commercial
products. On the other hand, it did not helped to lighten up the dark spot. That is because
of shaving, it is advised to not use the product after shaving cause the product will not
effect as whitening product.

Overall, the desired results are obtained. This study’s objectives are reached and
met except for the product being whitening product. But in all, the replies and reviews are
excellent and kind. We can say that this product can be used safely and instead of buying
commercialized product the product of this study also effects the same but this product is
much more cost efficient. Baking soda with lemon juice is a product that is effective, safe
and budget- friendly that we can use and make.

IV. METHODS

A. Materials
Materials that would be needed to conduct the experiment are:
• Bowl
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• Mixing spoon/spatula
• Gloves
• Measuring spoon
• baking soda (1/2 tsp.)
• Water (1/4 TSP.)
• Lemon juice(1/4 TSP.)

B. Procedures
 Step 1- Mix about ½ tsp. of baking soda with ¼ tsp. lukewarm water and ¼ tsp. lemon
juice in a bowl using a spoon or spatula until it forms a paste like consistency.
 Step 2- Clean your hands and wear gloves.
 Step 3- Apply the paste gently patting it onto your skin with your fingertips wearing
gloves . Make sure the paste is completely dry and absorbed by the skin before getting
dressed.

C. Risk and Safety

Many factors could potentially affect in conducting this study. Getting severely
harmed because of the product might be a problem in conducting the study. Uncontrolled
variables, such as the health of the respondents may be affected. The researcher should
take safety precautions before conducting the research. Become familiar with any unusual
hazards in designated areas and procedures for dealing with them. Checking controlled
setups, verifying product, and time consumed throughout the observation.

V. Conclusion/ Reflection
Baking soda and lemon is items mostly found in our kitchen. Both of these is also
has a lot of use not just on cooking but even within the household and self care. We can
also say that using these products it helps us a lot. Using these two and creating a product
requires less efforts: it is easy to make and use and budget friendly. One of the famous
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use of baking soda is deodorant adding some lemon juice helps too. Giving a deodorant
that can be homemade and effect like commercial product. The product is cost efficiency.
This is effective especially to prevent unpleasant odor of the body. It keeps the body be
odor free even with hot and sunny day.

The product when applied to the skin is smooth and dry that helps to keep it
healthy. You can also use it even there are hair. It does not give any harm effect like
fungi, itchiness and more. But it helps to keep you body odor free because of it
absorbing power. With the chemicals of baking soda it is not safe if you use too much, its
not advisable too use too much baking soda onto your skin. Eventhough baking soda with
lemon juice is effective deodorant it is not effective as a whitening or lightening
deodorant. This is because of shaving, it darkens the skin more if you use the product
aftershave. It remains the color but it doesn’t upset one’s skin. Remember to not use the
product after shaving, instead use it the next day to prevent any harm effects and for the
product to effect. Giving us that this will be more convenient to use to everyday life.

VI. Bibliography:
1. Aanand geria (2021). Dark spots after shaving. https://www.wikihow.com/Remove-Dark-
Spots-After-Shaving
2. Calie Sleeper (2017). Baking soda used as a deodorant.
https://lumedeodorant.com/blogs/blog/baking-soda-bad-for-skin
3. Davida Lederle (2017). Easy and natural deodorants.
https://www.thehealthymaven.com/diy-natural-deodorant-that-actually-works/
4. Honestly Presh (2018). Baking soda as deodorant.
https://honestlyphresh.com/blogs/articles-by-phresh/the-truth-about-baking-soda-in-
natural-deodorants
5. Jasnoor Arora (2019). Using baking soda as deodorant.
https://swirlster.ndtv.com/beauty/home-remedies-to-deal-with-dark-underarms-1784273
6. Jen (2020). Baking soda as a deodorant.
https://simplegreensmoothies.com/recipes/homemade-deodorant
7. JOHN HENDERSON LAMB, M.D. (2014). Odor absorbing products.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022202X15500791/pdf?
md5=7ba3ac31f17e9355a9a7df24bbf2c6dc&pid=1-s2.0-S0022202X15500791-main.pdf
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8. Kristeen Cherney (2017). Baking soda used in a deodorant

https://www.healthline.com/health/baking-soda-for-underarms
9. Laura Moss (2020). Baking soda side effects. https://www.treehugger.com/deodorant-
alternatives-4864198
10. Lifestyle desk (2019). Baking soda as an alternative deodorant.
https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/health/can-baking-soda-be-used-as-a-
deodorant-6127100/
11. Marci Robin (2019). Deodorant alternatives. https://www.allure.com/gallery/baking-
soda-free-deodorant/amp
12. Meaghan Cabassa and Beth Haas (2020). Odor absorbing baking soda.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b01110
13. Mit. edu (2016). Baking soda odor fighting. https://www.mit.edu/~rei/deodorant.html
14. Natural deco (2018). Sodium bicarbonate as fighting odor.
https://naturaldeoco.com/what-is-sodium-bicarbonate/
15. wikihow (2019). Baking soda DIY deodorant. https://www.wikihow.com/Use-Baking-
Soda-As-a-Personal-Deodorant?amp=1