TESTS

REVIEW TEST 2  UNITS 7–12 VOCABULARY

3 Complete each sentence with one word.
GRAMMAR 1 I know the government has only cancelled one
research programme, but it’s the thin end of
1 Complete the sentences with one word in each space. the  . Before long, more and more
1 This old shed repairing. Can you programmes will be cancelled.
it fixed before the winter? 2 When the film first out, many people
2 ‘I can’t stand watching golf.’ ‘ you? I were shocked by how realistic the war scenes were.
think it’s great.’ ‘Really!? I think it’s boring, I really 3 The figures reported don’t up to
 
.’ scrutiny. I think they are inaccurate.
3 ‘Graeme isn’t coming tonight.’ ‘ he? 4 It’s impossible to get a word in when
That’s a shame. I thought he  .’ Sam’s talking. He never shuts up!
4 I don’t particularly like reading literary novels, and 5 Amy gave her boss a week’s at work.
does else in my book club. She’s leaving her job to travel round the world.
5 Since they’re constantly asked to work 6 My grandfather has been with liver
harder, they should have offered a disease. It’s serious but at least he knows what’s
pay rise. wrong with him.
6 leaving during the rush hour, we got to 7 I’m sorry but there’s been a bit of a -up.
the airport on time. All the though, it This is your file, and I should have been given the one
was a close-run thing. you’re carrying.
7 a result of well-targeted government 8 Three athletes were doping and banned
action, the use of drugs in schools has dropped for two years.
sharply. That  , we should still be on our 9 Tom came from a home. His father left
guard against this evil. when he was two, his mother had mental health
8 Not did Jack pay for the hotel rooms, problems, and he had to spend time in care.
he also treated us to breakfast. 10 Professor Gregg forward a theory to
9 No had we got to the resort support the argument.
it started to rain. / 10
10 it not for Lucy’s help, I probably 4 Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
have missed the deadline. 1 The softs drinks company has a interest
/ 10 in the results of the survey into obesity among
2 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs children.
in brackets. a  vested b  causal c  variable
2 There were sheer on either side of the
Fluoride beach.
The relationship between fluoride and teeth a  gorges b  peaks c  cliffs
1
(study) since the early 19th century. 3 Amanda never her words. She always
Research which 2 (carry out) as early says exactly what she means.
as the 1840s showed that fluoride 3 a  twists b  minces c  beats
(need) for healthy teeth, and, by 1900, many experts 4 On safari, we saw a lion at the leg of an
4
(argue) for the introduction of fluoride antelope it had killed.
into the water supply to help prevent tooth decay. a  snatching b  gnawing c  teething
Not until the 1940s, however, 5 (plans 5 I know life’s been tough for you recently. If you need a
/ approve) to test whether it was possible to safely to cry on, just give me a call.
add fluoride to the general water supply. The trials a  chest b  arm c  shoulder
6
(could / go) horribly wrong, but they 6 As the boss, I have to think about when to
were successful. Despite this, many states were work to others, and when to do
reluctant to add fluoride until they 7 it myself.
(have / it / test) by their own experts. Only after many a  network b  troubleshoot c  delegate
trials 8 (undertake) across the United 7 I find history an interesting subject.
States 9 (fluoride / add) to all water That’s why I’ve joined the history society.
supplies in the country. Today, fluoride is present in a  inherently b  utterly c  entirely
most of the water we drink, 10 (ensure) 8 Cindy keeps her eyelashes at you. I think
we avoid cavities. she likes you.
a  shrugging b  fluttering c  clenching
/ 10 9 We won the match and went to the
semi-final of the competition.
a  over b  past c  through
10 I grew up in a -knit community in which
everybody knew everybody else.
a  short b  close c  narrow
/ 10

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LISTENING READING
5 Listen to the radio interview and choose the best 7a Read the text. Match the sub-headings below to
answer. three of the paragraphs A–E in the text. There are
1 The presenter says that Sir Anthony Clark two paragraphs that do not match with any of the
a  has only ever written history books about the USA. sub-headings.
b has largely specialised in one particular age in 1 How office workers reversed a trend
American history. 2 How a revolution in the way we build led to the open
c  is an expert on twentieth-century world history. plan office
d began writing American history books as a 3 How social change led to a new way of
teenager. working
2 How did Sir Anthony first become interested in /3
history? 7b Read the text and decide where each extract should
a It happened as a result of experiences he had in go. There is one extract you don’t need.
the 1960s. 1 Instead of freeing office workers to discuss and
b  It arose from his love of academic life at college. debate, it has exposed them to the annoying habits
c  He says he became a historian by accident. and unwanted chatter of their co-workers.
d His job as a diplomat led him to an interest in 2 Of course, there was nothing even remotely liberating
history. for workers about this.
3 In Sir Anthony’s opinion, which quality is most 3 During the coming decades, planners will continue to
important in a historian? work tirelessly to transform the office environment.
a  Being both very patient and very persistent. 4 Historians have argued that this was a natural
b  Having a good relationship with your reader. reaction to the structured, top-down political systems
c  Working hard to gain a detailed level of knowledge. previously imposed on people in Europe.
d Being able to come to clear judgments or /6
explanations. 7c Read the text again and answer the questions with
4 What does Sir Anthony say a historian should most the number of the correct paragraph.
avoid? In which paragraph (A to E)
a examining the actions of people from history by 1 does the writer not mention any negative aspect of
today’s standards or morals the office environment described?
b expressing their own personal bias when drawing 2 does the writer compare the office to other
conclusions environments in which people gather in large
c using contemporary material instead of going back groups?
to original sources 3 does the writer give reasons why the design of an
d being tempted to use history to criticise modern office environment did not achieve what it set out
events to do?
5 Which of the following best summarises Sir Anthony’s /6
view with regard to the lessons we can learn from The rise and fall of the open plan office
history? A
a Knowing about history helps us predict possible Many of us will spend much of our working lives
outcomes in the future. in open-plan offices, wondering, as we sit at our
b We may as well take no notice of the lessons from carefully placed desks among the pot plants, irritated
history. by our colleague’s droning voice or pen-clicking habit,
c We should be cautious about which lessons from whether office life in wide spaces really is the best
history to follow. way of passing a career.
d Knowing about history prevents politicians from B
leading us into disaster. Unsurprisingly, it was the Americans, at the end
/ 15 of the nineteenth century, who first came up with
the idea of freeing employees from their individual
SPEAKING offices and gathering them together in one great
space. Liberated by the opportunity afforded by
6 Talk about one of the following topics. exciting new construction techniques, which used
• describe a place of great natural beauty that you have steel girders to hold up ceilings, thus negating the
visited need to have lots of walls, office planners placed
• describe an occasion when you experienced great desks in rows, making it easier for workers to pass
highs or lows when watching or participating in sport paper between each other, and easier for bosses
• make a presentation about a historical event that was to see what was going on. a Far from
important in your country’s history it. Placed in rows as if at school, and overseen by
/ 15 managers who had their own private offices, they
were expected to sit in industrious silence like
automatons, the office experience reminiscent of
that of the assembly line on the factory floor.

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C
After the Second World War, a new thinking took
hold with regard to open plan office design, notably,
at first, in Germany. The idea was that offices should
be more organic, and less hierarchical. b
Be that as it may, the new office landscape involved
scattering desks in an apparently chaotic fashion,
and in such a way that they encouraged workers
to meet and talk with each other. Managers found
themselves in among secretarial workers, and the
most lowly clerk sometimes found him or herself
right next to the boss. Much of the elitism and
snobbery of old-style offices was lost as the size or
location of a desk suddenly had little or nothing to do
with the seniority or salary of an employee.
D
Idealistic and revolutionary though the new office
plan was back in the 1940s and 1950s, it has, in
the eyes of many workers, failed to deliver the ideal
workplace environment it promised. c
Constantly interrupted, many are driven to
distraction, and the environment created can be
both stressful and confrontational as employees
mark out their territory, or fall out with colleagues
who invade their space. It is also incredibly difficult
to get the noise levels right in an open plan office,
some of which are so noisy it’s hard to concentrate,
while others are deathly quiet, making it hard to have
private meetings as they are so easily overheard.
E
Ironically, it is in Germany, as well as in Scandinavia,
that the open-plan office has come to be most
roundly rejected in recent years. Orchestrated
largely by employees themselves, who, having been
consulted at last, overwhelmingly rejected what
office designers had previously considered good for
them, there has been a move back to an environment
in which workers have their own personal space. This
may be private offices, but it might also be carefully
designed ‘cellular’ spaces in which everybody has
access to a window with a view, a door, or a wall to
call their own. Nowhere is ever perfect. An office with
walls can be lonely and isolating. However, it seems
that, by and large, in the office we prefer having a
place to call our own to a shared environment.

WRITING
8 Write one of the following.
• a covering letter for a dream job that you would like to
apply for
• a magazine article entitled The Day That Shook The
World
• an essay discussing the pros and cons of having the
Olympics in your country
/ 15   / 100

© National Geographic Learning, a part of Cengage Learning TESTS 251

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