Theoritical Framework
Theoritical Framework
The Bucket of Rocks Theory and Goal setting Theory view time management as to properly manage time
one needs to know the level of importance that each activity hold. The Bucket of Rocks Theory (also
referred to as the pickle jar theory) offers insight into the order in which a person should work on his
activities (Mancini, 2003). According to this theory we are supposed to do the important things, the big
stones, first and then move on to the less important, pebbles or sand, and finally if we have free time,
we can do the unimportant things. Goals assist us to properly focus and work towards achieving the
things that are important to us. The Goal Setting Theory advanced by Locke can be used to effectively
manage a person's time. This theory is based on the premise that a person will be more motivated to
perform if they have clear and specific goals and objective. According to this theory, high performance
can only come from clear expectations (Pynes 2008, p. 155, Troy Green). These theories explained that if
you put your effort in doing important things first and less doing the unimportant ones then you can
achieve your goal that you’ve been working on. Studies shows that Walberg’s (1981) Theory of
Educational Productivity has identified key variables that affect students' outcomes: students' ability or
prior achievement, motivation, age, developmental level, classroom climate, home’s environment, peer
group, goals, exposure to mass media. Clearly students’ characteristics important for school learning but
they only comprise a portion of the learning equation.
Conceptual Framework
In our everyday lives, as students, parents, and professionals, Time Management has been great help to
us especially during hectic schedule. Managing our time properly helps us to know the level of
importance of every activity that we need to do. It means that we need to first do the things which are
more important then move on to the less important tasks. Identify your tasks and order them from the
most important such as attending meetings and classes, doing household chores and etc. Then move on
to the less important like doing outdoor activities and spending time with your friends. After you
managed your time, then you will have time to do unnecessary things like stalking your crushes,
watching movies, reading stories in eBook and so on.
Having clear and specific goals and objective can also help you. Before you do anything, identify first
your purpose and reasons why are you doing this and know the things that you need to accomplish in a
day. If you do something, always try to give your best and exert effort that may result to a good
performance less stress and more free time.
There are lots of identified key variables that affect the performance of the students at school. These are
students' ability, motivation, age, development level, classroom climate, homes environment, peer
group, goals and exposure to mass media.
The connection between Time management behaviours (independent variable) to the Productivity Level
(dependent variable) is that Time management teaches us to maximize, organize, and accomplish our
tasks in a given amount of time that may result to a great increase in our productivity level.
Schematic Diagram
Time Academic
Management Productivity Level
• Students
- The students will benefit in this study because, first of all, they are the centre of the study. Whatever
the result maybe, they will be able to benefit on it. If the result says that time management indeed has a
positive effect to the students, this will help them decide to do it or not. This study will also make them
aware of the factors affecting their academic performance.
• Parents
- This research will give benefits to the parents because they will be able to know how their children’s
perform at school. The result will also serve as a guide for the parents in teaching time management on
their children’s if the decide to make them do time management.
• Teachers
- This will help the teachers in evaluating the academic performance of their students. This will also help
them decide to do time management or not given that this study also gives attention to time
management's relationship with working performance.
• Employees
- This study will also give benefits to the employees because time management is not only for students.
This study will also tackle about the effect of time management to the working performance of
employees. This will guide them in deciding to do time management and if they would, this will help
them in doing it properly since tips will also be included.
Productivity- commonly defined as a ratio between the output volume and the volume of inputs.
Relationship- the way in which two or more concepts, objects, or people are connected, or the state of
being connected.
Time- the indefinite continued progress of existence and events in the past, present, and future
regarded as a whole.
Time Management- the ability to use one's time effectively or productively, especially at work.
INTRODUCTION