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    Chapter 1

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    Paula Curayag
    1) Dynamics is the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of bodies under the action of forces. It studies concepts such as particles, bodies, forces, mass, and time. 2) Kinematics describes motion without considering forces, examining relationships between displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Kinetics predicts motion from given forces or determines forces from given motion using concepts like Newton's laws of motion. 3) Newton's second law relates the net force acting on a particle to its mass and acceleration, forming the fundamental equation of kinetics.

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    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Paula Curayag
    21 views13 pages
    1) Dynamics is the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of bodies under the action of forces. It studies concepts such as particles, bodies, forces, mass, and time. 2) Kinematics describes motion without considering forces, examining relationships between displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Kinetics predicts motion from given forces or determines forces from given motion using concepts like Newton's laws of motion. 3) Newton's second law relates the net force acting on a particle to its mass and acceleration, forming the fundamental equation of kinetics.

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    1) Dynamics is the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of bodies under the action of forces. It studies concepts such as particles, bodies, forces, mass, and time. 2) Kinematics describes motion without considering forces, examining relationships between displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Kinetics predicts motion from given forces or determines forces from given motion using concepts like Newton's laws of motion. 3) Newton's second law relates the net force acting on a particle to its mass and acceleration, forming the fundamental equation of kinetics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppsx, pdf, or txt
    21 views13 pages

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Paula Curayag
    1) Dynamics is the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of bodies under the action of forces. It studies concepts such as particles, bodies, forces, mass, and time. 2) Kinematics describes motion without considering forces, examining relationships between displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Kinetics predicts motion from given forces or determines forces from given motion using concepts like Newton's laws of motion. 3) Newton's second law relates the net force acting on a particle to its mass and acceleration, forming the fundamental equation of kinetics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13

    CHAPTER 1

    Principles of Dynamics

    10/25/2021 Prepared by: Engr. Lucia V. Ortega 1


    Introduction
     Dynamics – branch of mechanics which deals with the study of bodies in motion.
     Particle – usually denotes an object of point size. It is a body so small that any differences in the
    motions of its parts can be neglected.
     Body – denotes a system of particles, which form an object of appreciable size.
    Basic Quantity of Dynamics
    a. Force – is the action of one body on another. A force tends to move a body in the direction of its
    action. The action of a force is characterized by its magnitude, by the direction of its action, and by
    its point of application.
    b. Length – is a measure of distance.
    c. Mass - measure of the resistance of a body to acceleration when a net force is applied on it.
    d. Time - is the measure of the succession of events

    10/25/2021 Prepared by: Engr. Lucia V. Ortega 2


    Introduction
    1564-1642 – Galileo begun
    the study of dynamics

    1657 – Huygens developed


    the pendulum clock

    1666 – Robert Hooke


    developed the balance-wheel
    clock

    10/25/2021 Prepared by: Engr. Lucia V. Ortega 3


    Kinematics and Kinetics
    a. Kinematics – is the geometry of motion. It is the term used to
    define the motion of a particle without consideration of the
    forces causing the motion. It is the treatment of the relation
    between displacement, velocity and acceleration.

    b. Kinetics – the study of the relation existing between the forces


    acting on a body, the mass of the body, and the motion of the
    body. It is used to predict the motion caused by given forces or
    to determine the forces required to produce a given motion.
    10/25/2021 Prepared by: Engr. Lucia V. Ortega 4
    Motion of a Particle
    Displacement – of a particle
    is the vector distance from an
    origin to the positions
    occupied by the particle on
    its path of travel.

    10/25/2021 Prepared by: Engr. Lucia V. Ortega 5


    Motion of a Particle
    • 
      Elimination of in equation (a) and (b) leads
    Velocity – is the time rate of change of
    displacement to the third equation
    (a) (d)
     Acceleration – is the time rate of change of Differential equation of kinematics
    velocity (1)
    (b) (2)
    Since (3)
    (c)

    10/25/2021 Prepared by: Engr. Lucia V. Ortega 6


    Newton’s Laws of Motion for a Particle
    •  
    a. A particle acted by a balanced force system has no
    acceleration.
    b. A particle acted by an unbalanced force system has an
    acceleration in line with and directly proportional to the
    resultant of the force system.

    c. Action and reaction forces between two particles are always


    equal and oppositely directed.

    10/25/2021 Prepared by: Engr. Lucia V. Ortega 7


    Fundamental Equation of Kinetics for a Particle
    •
      (a)  
    Where:
     (b) resultant of the forces acting on a particle
     (4) components of the resultant force R
     (5) = components of acceleration

    Relationship among the four basic quantities


    of dynamics

    10/25/2021 Prepared by: Engr. Lucia V. Ortega 8


    Effective Force on a Particle: Inertia force

    •
      Effective force – resultant force acting on the particle

     If inertia force is considered to act on a particle together with


    the resultant force, the particle will be in a state of dynamic
    equilibrium.

    10/25/2021 Prepared by: Engr. Lucia V. Ortega 9


    D’Alembert’s Principle
    •   resultant of the external forces applied to a body (rigid or non-rigid) composed of a system of
    “The
    particles is equivalent to the vector summation of the effective forces acting on all particles.”

    (6)

    10/25/2021 Prepared by: Engr. Lucia V. Ortega 10


    Motion of the Center of Gravity of Any Body
    •
      The vectorial relation expressed in equation (6) can be conveniently
    handled by algebraic methods only if each term is resolved into its
    components.
    (a)
     Locating the center of gravity of the system….
    (b)
    Where: W = the total weight of the system.

    10/25/2021 Prepared by: Engr. Lucia V. Ortega 11


    Motion of the Center of Gravity of Any Body
    •
      Differentiating equation (b) twice with respect to the time and
    remembering that and , we have
    (c)
    Where: is the x-component of the acceleration of the center of gravity
     Comparison of the right-hand member of equation (a) and (c) shows
    them to be identical: hence we conclude that the left-hand terms must be
    equal, or
    (d)

    10/25/2021 Prepared by: Engr. Lucia V. Ortega 12


    Motion of the Center of Gravity of Any Body
    • 
     Similar procedure can be followed with respect to the y and z-axes, and the relation
    between the external forces acting on any body, the mass of the body, and the
    acceleration of its center of gravity may be stated by the following equations:
    (7)
     In terms of the resultant force R and the resultant acceleration of the center of gravity,
    the equation becomes
    (8)

    10/25/2021 Prepared by: Engr. Lucia V. Ortega 13

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