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Application of Convolution Theorem

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 4

Application of Convolution Theorem

Dr. Dinesh Verma
Associate Professor, Yogananda College of Engineering & Technology, Jammu,
Jammu India

ABSTRACT

Generally it has been noticed that differential equation Physics, Process Controls, Applications in
is solved typically. The Laplace transformation makes Probability, Applications in Physics, Applications in
it easy to solve. The Laplace transformation is applied Power Systems Load Frequency Control etc.
in different areas of science, engineering and
technology. The Laplace transformation is applicable DEFINITION
in so many fields. Laplace transformation is use used in Let F (t) is a well defined function of t for all t ≥ 0.
solving the time domain function by converting it into The Laplace transformation of F (t), denoted by f (𝑝)
frequency domain. Laplace transformation makes it or L {F (t)}, is defined as
easier to solve the problems in engineering
applications and makes differential equations simple L {F (t)} =∫ 𝑒 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 𝑓(𝑝)
𝐹(𝑡
to solve. In this paper we will discuss how to fo follow
convolution theorem holds the Commutative property, Provided that the integral exists, i.e. convergent. If the
Associative Property and Distributive Property. integral is convergent for some value of 𝑝 , then the
Laplace transformation of F (t) exists otherwise not.
Keywords: Laplace transformation, Inverse Laplace
Where 𝑝 the parameter which may be real or complex
transformation, Convolution theorem
number and L is is the Laplace transformation
INTRODUCTION: operator.

Laplace transformation is a mathematical tool which The Laplace transformation of F (t) i.e.
is used in the solving of differential equations by ∫ 𝑒 𝐹(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 exists for 𝑝>a,
>a, if
converting it from one form into another form.
Generally it is effective in solving linear differential F (t) is continuous andlim → {𝑒 𝐹(𝑡)} is finite. It
equation either ordinary or partial. It reduces an should however, be keep in mind that above condition
ordinary differential equation into algebraic equation. are sufficient and not necessary.
Ordinary linear differential equation with constant
Inverse Laplace Transformation
coefficient and variable coefficient can be easily
solved by the Laplace transformation method without Definition:
finding the generally solution and the arb arbitrary
constant. It is used in solving physical problems. this If be the Laplace Transformation of a function
involving integral and ordinary differential equation F(t),then F(t) is called the Inverse Laplace
with constant and variable coefficient. transformation of the
he function f(p) and is written as
𝐹(𝑡) = 𝐿 {𝑓(𝑝)} , 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐿 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒
It is also used to convert the signal system in
frequency domain for solving it on a simple and easy 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
way. It has some applications in nearly all engineering
disciplines, like System Modeling, Analysis of General Property of inverse Laplace transformation,
Electrical Circuit, Digital Signal Processing, Nucle
Nuclear

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun

Jun 2018 Page: 981
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
(1) 𝑳𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒚 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒚: when the inverse transform of both transforms are
known. Convolution is used to get inverse Laplace
𝐼𝑓 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑓 transformation in solving differential equations and
integral equations.
𝐿 {𝑓(𝑝)} = 𝐹(𝑡)𝑎𝑛𝑑𝐿{𝐺(𝑡)} = 𝑔(𝑝)
If 𝐻 (𝑡)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻 (𝑡) 𝑏𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐴
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛,
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑓ℎ (𝑠) = 𝐿{𝐻 (𝑡)} , ℎ (𝑠) = 𝐿{𝐻 (𝑡)}.
𝐿 [𝑐 𝑓(𝑝) + 𝑐 𝑔(𝑝)]
= 𝑐 𝐿 [𝑓(𝑝)] + 𝑐 𝐿 [𝑔(𝑝)] 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜
(2)𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦: 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝐻 (𝑡)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻 (𝑡) ,
𝑖𝑓𝐿 {𝑓(𝑝)} = 𝐹(𝑡), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 > 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙
𝐿 {𝑓(𝑝 − 𝑎)} = 𝑒 𝐹(𝑡),
(3)𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦: {𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 }(𝑡) = 𝐻 (𝑡)𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦

𝑖𝑓𝐿 {𝑓(𝑝)} = 𝐹(𝑡), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛

𝑜𝑟 𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑦)𝐻 (𝑦)𝑑𝑦
1 𝑡
𝐿 {𝑓(𝑎𝑝)} = 𝐹 ,
𝑎 𝑎
(4)𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 Which of course exists if 𝐻 (𝑡)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻 (𝑡) are
piecewise continuous .the relation is called the
𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒: convolution or falting of 𝐻 (𝑡)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻 (𝑡).
𝑖𝑓𝐿 {𝑓(𝑝)} = 𝐹(𝑡), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 Proof of convolution theorem:

𝐿 −
{ ( )}
= 𝑡𝐹(𝑡) By the definition of Laplace Transformation 𝐿( 𝐻 ∗
𝐻 )(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑒 {(𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 )𝑡}𝑑𝑡
{ ( )}
𝐿 − = (−1) 𝑡 𝐹(𝑡),
= 𝑒 𝐻 (𝑡)𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
𝑤ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑛 = 123 … … …
(5)𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 Where the double integral is taken over the infinite
region in the first quadrant deceitful linking the
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙: limit𝑦 = 0 𝑡𝑜 𝑦 = 𝑡.

𝑖𝑓𝐿 {𝑓(𝑝)} = 𝐹(𝑡), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 Now order of integral are changing

𝐹(𝑡) ( )
𝐿 𝑓(𝑝)𝑑𝑝 = 𝑒 𝐻 (𝑦)𝑑𝑦 𝑒 𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑡
𝑡

(6)𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝐿𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡 − 𝑦 = 𝑢 ⇒ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑢

𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑦 𝑝: 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢

𝑖𝑓𝐿 {𝑓(𝑝)} = 𝐹(𝑡), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑠 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡 𝑖𝑠 ∞ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒

𝐹(𝑝) 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 ∞.
𝐿 = 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑝 𝑁𝑜𝑤 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒
The convolution of two given functions acting an
essential role in a number of physical applications. It 𝑒 𝐻 (𝑦)𝑑𝑦 𝑒 𝐻 (𝑢)𝑑𝑢
is usually convenient to determination a Laplace
transformation into the product of two transformations ℎ (𝑝)ℎ (𝑝)

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 982
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Hence 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐻 −( 𝐻 − 𝐻 ) = (𝐻 − 𝐻 ) − 𝐻
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐻 ∗ ( 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 ) = (𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 ) ∗ 𝐻
𝐿( 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 )(𝑡) = ℎ (𝑝)ℎ (𝑝)
𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐻 ÷ ( 𝐻 ÷ 𝐻 ) = (𝐻 ÷ 𝐻 ) ÷ 𝐻
Properties of convolution theorem: convolution
theorem holds the following Properties: Now we will see that how to convolution theorem
follow the Associative property for multiplication
(1) Commutative Property: property states that
there is no alter in result from side to side the numbers 𝐻 ∗ ( 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 ) = (𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 ) ∗ 𝐻
in an appearance are exchange. Commutative property
holds for addition and multiplication but not for 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = 𝐻
subtraction and division.
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝐻 = 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = 𝐻 (𝑦)𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐻 +𝐻 = 𝐻 +𝐻

𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐻 −𝐻 ≠ 𝐻 − 𝐻 From above the commutative property

𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻
𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐻 ÷ 𝐻 ≠ 𝐻 ÷ 𝐻 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻
Now 𝑤𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
𝑆𝑜, 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = 𝐻 (𝑦)𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
{𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 } = {𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 } Hence , 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = 𝐻 (𝑧)𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑧)𝑑𝑧
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒇 (𝟏):
By the definition of convolution theorem 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = 𝐻 (𝑧) 𝐻 (𝑦)𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑧

𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = ∫ 𝐻 (𝑡)𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑡 − 𝑦 = 𝑢 ⇒ 𝑑𝑡 = −𝑑𝑢,
Change of order of integration
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 the 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 0 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 𝑦
𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = ∫ 𝐻 (𝑧) ∫ 𝐻 (𝑦)𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑧 −
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑢 𝑖𝑠 0.
𝑦)𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐻 ∗ (𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 )
𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = ∫ 𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑢)𝐻 (𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐻 ∗ ( 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 ) = (𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 ) ∗ 𝐻
𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = ∫ 𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑢)𝐻 (𝑢)𝑑𝑢 Distributive Property: The property with respect to
addition is used to eliminate the bracket in an
𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = ∫ 𝐻 (𝑢)𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑢)𝑑𝑢 expression. The distributive property states that each
term inside the bracket should be multiplied with the
𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 = 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 term outside. The property is very useful while
simplifying the expressions and solving the
The Convolution of 𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻 follow the complicated equations.
commutative property.
Distributive property over addition
(2) Associative Property: Associative Property states
that the order of grouping the numbers does not 𝐻 ∗ (𝐻 + 𝐻 ) = 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 + 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻
matter. This law holds for addition and multiplication
but not for subtraction and division. Here the terms which are inside the bracket
(𝐻 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻 ) are multiplied with the external terms
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐻 +( 𝐻 + 𝐻 ) = (𝐻 + 𝐻 ) + 𝐻 (while is 𝐻 ).

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 983
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Now we will see that how to convolution theorem
follow the Distributive property for multiplication

𝐻 ∗ (𝐻 + 𝐻 ) = ∫ 𝐻 (𝑦)[𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑦) + 𝐻 (𝑡 −
𝑦)]𝑑𝑦

= ∫ 𝐻 (𝑦)𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝐻 (𝑦)𝐻 (𝑡 −

𝑦)𝑑𝑦

𝐻 ∗𝐻 +𝐻 ∗𝐻

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 , 𝐻 ∗ (𝐻 + 𝐻 ) = 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻 + 𝐻 ∗ 𝐻
CONCLUSION:
In this paper we have discussed the Applications of
convolution theorem of Laplace transformation i.e.
how to follow the convolution theorem holds the
Commutative property, Associative Property and
Distributive Property. The primary use of Laplace
transformation is converting a time domain functions
into frequency domain function. Here, Some Property
of inverse Laplace transformations like, linearity
property, First shifting property, Change of scale
property, Inverse Laplace transformation of derivative
etc. has been discussed.

REFERENCES:
1. B. V. Ramana, Higher Engineering Mathematics.
2. Dr. B. S. Grewal, Higher Engineering
Mathematics.
3. Dr. S. K. Pundir, Engineering Mathematics with
gate tutor.
4. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering
Mathematics, Wiley, 1998.
5. J.L. Schiff, The Laplace Transform: Theory and
Applications, Springer Science and Business
Media (1999).
6. Advanced engineering mathematics seventh
edition, peter v. Oneil.
7. H. K. Dass, ’’Higher engineering Mathematics’’
S. Chand and company limited, New Delhi

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