10

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 6-7:
TYPES OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
APPLYING OHM’S LAW
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 6-7: TYPES OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
APPLYING OHM’S LAW

First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers:Diana Jane M. Catacutan
Editor: Aiisa C. Corpuz, PhD
Reviewer: Lily Beth B. Mallari
Illustrator: Charlene N. Guinto
Layout Artist: Charlene N. Guinto
Management Team: Maria Carmen P. Cuenco, EdD, CESO V
Lourdes G. Dela Cruz, PhD
Robert E. Osongco,EdD
Lily Beth B. Mallari
Aiisa C. Corpuz, PhD
Rebecca K. Sotto,PhD

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education-Region III

Tarlac City Schools Division – Learning Resource Management Section(LRMS)
Office Address: Juan Luna Street, Sto.Cristo,Tarlac City
Telefax: (045) 9824439; 4708180
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 10
BASIC
ELECTRONICS
Quarter 1 – Module 6-7 :
TYPES OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS APPLYING
OHM’S LAW
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to Basic electronics 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on TYPES

OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS APPLYING OHM’S LAW!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Basic

Electronics!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

Electricity is useful because it is easily transformed into other forms of

energy. It can give us light and heat. It makes motors run and produces
mechanical energy. It can be changed to sound energy in our radios ans
stereos.
Electricity has become so important in our daily lives that ways and means
to produce it in great quantities have been devised. Huge dams and other
power supply projects, including geothermal power plants, have been built by
the government and some private enterprises to keep us supplied with
electricity.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Apply Ohm’s Law in problem solving
2. State the relationship among current, voltage, and resistance in a
circuit
3. Draw circuit diagram of simple electrical set-ups and make simple
electrical connections

What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. An object becomes positively charged when__________.

a. It loses electrons
b. Protons are added to it
c. Neutrons are removed from it
d. The number of electrons is increased

2. It is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit.

a. Resistance
b. Voltage
c. Battery
d. Current

3. The electric potential difference is also known as:

a. Resistance
b. Voltage
c. Battery
d. Current
4. It is a flow of electrical charge carriers, usually electrons or electron-deficient
atoms.
a. Resistance
b. Voltage
c. Battery
d. Current

5. A component which provides resistance is called __________.

a. Heat
b. Energy
c. Product
d. Resistor

6. Insulators are substances which __________.

a. Are usually made of cheap materials
b. Are extremely slow in allowing a charge
c. Actually block a charge from passing through
d. Are extremely fast in allowing a charge to pass through

7. Ohmmeter measures _____.

a. Length
b. Material
c. Resistance
d. None of the above

8. Ohm’s law is not applicable to__________.

a. DC circuits
b. High currents
c. Small resistors
d. Semi-conductors

9. A diagram drawn using symbols which represents electrical components is

called __________.
a. Circuit diagram
b. Current diagram
c. Charges diagram
d. Electric diagram

10. In a parallel circuit, the current flowing from source to each path is
__________.
a. Greater
b. Lesser
c. Equal
d. Unequal
 What’s In

In your previous lessons, you studied and learned the nature and properties of
static electricity. You also discovered that electrons can be transferred from one
object to another. You also discovered that electrons can be transferred from one
object to another. Substances that allow the passage of charges called conductors.
In the electrical system, a generator acts as the electron pump which increases
the potential energy of the electrons passing through the system. The electrons spend
their potential energy when they activate an electric motor. The used electrons are
then led back to the generator for reactivation. The flow of electrons through the
conducting system is called electric current. The generator is the source of the
electromotive force (emf). It is essential to know what electric current is to fully
understand how an electric circuit works.

What’s New

Electricity is a huge part of human daily life. It is everywhere, even in the

human body. Can you imagine a modern house without electric lights and
appliances? How would you feel when, for one reason or another, you suddenly lose
your electricity during a brownout? How would your mother react about all the frozen
food when there is a long power interruption?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Notes to the Teacher

When was electricity discovered? About 600 B.C., Thales, a Greek philosopher and scientist,
observed that a piece of amber attracted small bits of paper or very thin wood shavings after
they were rubbed with wool. He had in effect discovered static electricity. William Gilbert, and
English scientist in the sixteenth century, found that many other different materials could be
made to act like amber. Whenever these objects were rubbed against each other, they were
able to attract other light objects. He called this strange behaviour “electricity”, from the Greek
word electron, meaning “amber.”
 What is It

OHM’S LAW
How will an increase in potential difference (voltage) or an increase in resistance
effect the current flowing through the wire? These changes were investigated by a
German physicist, Georg Simon Ohm. The results of his experiments are summarized
in Ohm’s law, and experimental law which states: The current flowing through a
circuit is directly proportional to the potential difference and inversely proportional
to the resistance of the circuit. The first part of the law may be represented as I
(current) ∝ V (potential difference). The second part may be expressed as I ∝ 1/R.
Algebraically, Ohm’s law is

I = V/R

Where I, the rate of flow of electric charge referred to as current, is measured in

amperes (A).The ammeter is the instrument used to measure current. The potential
difference V is in volts (V) and the instrument that directly measures this is the
voltmeter. R, the resistance to the flow of electrons by the conductor, is given in ohms
(Ω). one way of directly measuring electrical resistance is by the use of ohmmeter.

Example. What is the potential difference in an electric circuit with a current of 15

amperes and a resistance of 4.0 ohms?

Given:
I = 15 A, R = 4.0 Ω

Find: V

Solution:
I=V/R
15 A = V/4.0 Ω
V = 60 volts

SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

Resistance in Series Circuit

When several electrical appliances are connected end-to-end in a single circuit,

electricity flows through each appliance in succession. Current flows through one
single path, so the same current passes through each appliance. An electric circuit
with several components arranged to allow current to flow through one single path
is known as a series circuit. An example of such a circuit is shown below.
Figure 1 If electrical appliances are connected in series, turn one off and you turn them
all off.

The important rules for resistance in series are summarized as follows:

1. The current in all parts of the circuit is the same.
𝐼𝑇 = 𝐼1 = 𝐼2 = 𝐼3 = … = 𝐼𝑛 𝐼𝑟 = total current

In the figure, the current flowing through each of the appliances is the same,
regardless of the kind of appliance.

2. The total voltage is equal to the sum of all the individual voltages in the circuit.
This equal to the applied emf.
𝑉𝑇 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 + 𝑉3 + … + 𝑉𝑛

Again, using the figure, the sum of the voltage drops in each appliance will give the
total voltage of the circuit.

3. The total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the sum of the individual
resistances.
𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 +…+𝑅𝑛

Example: Let us assume that you have five appliances connected in series as in the
figure. The refrigerator has a resistance of 20 Ω; the TV set, 10 Ω; the radio, 5 Ω; the
flat iron, 75 Ω; and the electric stove, 55 Ω. If the circuit is connected to a direct
current of 220 volts, what is
a. the total resistance in the circuit?
b. the total current?
c. the voltage across each appliance?

Given: 𝑅1 = 20𝛺 𝑅4 = 75 𝛺
𝑅2 = 10 𝛺 𝑅5 = 55 𝛺
𝑅3 = 5 𝛺 𝑉𝑇 = 220 𝑉
Find:
a. 𝑅𝑇
b. 𝐼𝑇
c. Voltage drop in each appliance
(𝑉1 , 𝑉2 , 𝑉3 , 𝑉4 , and 𝑉5 )

Solution:
a. 𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 + 𝑅4 + 𝑅5
= (20 + 10 + 5 + 75 + 55)𝛺
= 165 𝛺
= 200 𝛺

𝑉 200 𝑉
b. 𝐼𝑇 = = = 1.33 𝐴 = 1.3 𝐴
𝑅 165 𝛺

c. Voltage drop in each appliance = IR

𝑉1 (refrigerator) = 1.33 𝐴 × 20 𝛺 = 26.6 𝑉 or 30 𝑉
𝑉2 (TV set) = 1.33 𝐴 × 10 𝛺 = 13.3 𝑉 or 10 𝑉
𝑉3 (radio) = 1.33 𝐴 × 5 𝛺 = 6.65 𝑉 or 7 𝑉
𝑉4 (flat iron) = 1.33 𝐴 × 75 𝛺 = 99.75 𝑉 or 1.0 × 102 𝑉
𝑉5 (stove) = 1.33 𝐴 × 55 𝛺 = 73.15 𝑉 or 73 𝑉

Connecting resistances in series offers some disadvantages. If any one of the

appliances in the figure fails to function, be it the refrigerator or the stereo or the
stove, the circuit remains open and none of the other appliances can be used. Also,
since the separate resistances are additive, the total resistance of the circuit
increases with the addition of more resistances. This reduces the current flowing
through the entire line.

Resistance in Parallel

We know how inconvenient it will be to have all the lights in a series connection go
out every time one bulb burns out. It would be more practical in the circuit to keep
each resistance independent of each other. Such a connection is said to be a parallel
connection. An electric circuit with two or more components connected across two
common points to allow separate conducting paths is known as parallel circuit.
The figure shows the same appliances in the figure. Each appliance is now connected
separately between the main supply lines. The wires used in homes have a certain
thickness and current carrying capacity. If the current passing through a wire
reaches a level too high for the wire to carry, the wire overheats and may start a fire.
To prevent this from happening, a devise called a fuse is installed in series with the
supply line. A fuse consists of a strip of metal with a low melting point and is
surrounded by fireproof material.

Three important rules for resistances in parallel may be summarized as follows:

1. The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of the currents in each
branch.
𝐼𝑇 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 + … + 𝐼𝑛

2. The voltage across all the branches in a parallel circuit is the same for each branch.
𝑉𝑇 = 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉3 = … = 𝑉𝑛

3. The reciprocal of the total resistance or equivalent resistance in a parallel circuit

is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the separate resistances.
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +…+
𝑅𝑇 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3 𝑅𝑛

Example: In the figure, the refrigerator, TV set, radio, flat iron, and electric stove
have a resistance of 20 Ω, 10 Ω, 5 Ω, 75 Ω, 55 Ω, respectively. If the circuit is
connected to a direct current of 220 volts, what is the
a. total resistance in the circuit?
b. voltage drop in each appliance?
c. current used by each appliance?
d. total current?
Given:
𝑅1 = 20 𝛺 𝑅4 = 75 𝛺
𝑅2 = 10 𝛺 𝑅5 = 55 𝛺
𝑅3 = 5 𝛺 𝑉 = 220 𝑉

Find:
a. 𝑅𝑇
b. 𝑉1 , 𝑉2 , 𝑉3 , 𝑉4 , 𝑉5
c. 𝐼1 , 𝐼2 , 𝐼3 , 𝐼4 , 𝐼5
d. 𝐼𝑇

Solution:
1 1 1 1 1 1
a. = + + + +
𝑅𝑇 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3 𝑅4 𝑅5
1 1 1 1 1
= + + + +
20 𝛺 10 𝛺 5 𝛺 75 𝛺 55 𝛺
= 0.05 + 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.013 + 0.018
= 0.381

1
𝑅𝑇 = = 2.62 𝛺 = 3 𝛺
0.381

Compare this to the total resistance in example.

b. Since the system is connected in parallel, the voltage drop in each resistance
is the same, 220 𝑉.
𝐸 220 𝑉
c. 𝐼1 = = = 11 𝐴
𝑅1 20 𝛺
𝐸 220 𝑉
𝐼2 = = = 22 𝐴
𝑅2 10 𝛺
𝐸 220 𝑉
𝐼3 = = = 44 𝐴
𝑅3 5𝛺
𝐸 220 𝑉
𝐼4 = = = 2.9 𝐴
𝑅4 75 𝛺
𝐸 220 𝑉
𝐼5 = = = 4.0 𝐴
𝑅5 55 𝛺
d. 𝐼𝑇 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 + 𝐼4 + 𝐼5 = 83.9 𝐴
𝐸 220 𝛺
𝐼𝑇 = = = 84 𝐴
𝑅𝑇 2.62 𝛺

RESISTANCES IN SERIES AND PARALLEL CONNECTIONS

There are instances where circuits cannot simply be connected in pure series or pure
parallel system. Practical circuits are more complicated compared to the series and
parallel circuits we have discussed. We may need to connect some resistances in
series and other resistances in parallel, with different amounts of emf. A system with
such a complex circuit is commonly described as a network. An example of network
is shown below.
 Notes to the Teacher

Resistivity is a property of the conducting material which depends only on

the kind of materials used and its temperature. The resistance of a
conductor may be measured by the voltmeter-ammeter method or directly
through the Wheatstone bridge method.

What’s More

Activity 1: How Much Have You Learned?

1. What is the main difference between series and parallel circuits?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. When additional appliances are added into a series circuit, does the current
flowing through the line increase or decrease? Explain.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Connecting Resistances

Now that you have learned about the types of electric circuits with the application of
Ohm’s law, let us see if you are able to answer the questions correctly below.

Given several resistances, how would you connect them if:

A. You wish to increase the current?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________
B. You want to reduce the total resistance in the circuit without decreasing the
number of resistance?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________

C. You want to reduce the total current?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________
Activity 3: Circuit Diagram

Draw a diagram showing two appliances in parallel with an emf source. Include an
ammeter and a voltmeter in the circuit
 What I Have Learned

• Electric current is the rate of flow of electrons in a circuit. A continuous current

need a supply of electrical pressure, and electromotive force (emf) or voltage to
keep it flowing.
• Most sources transform some kind of energy into electrical energy; the dry cell
or the storage cell is commonly used to supply emf for direct current circuits.
• Cells may be arranged in series, parallel, or combined series and parallel
circuits to suit one’s needs. The latter arrangement is also called a network.
• Ohm’s law is used to show the experimental relationship between resistance,
current and emf. The law applies to an entire circuit or to any part of the
circuit.
• Resistivity is a property of the conducting material which depends only on the
kind of materials used and its temperature.

What I Can Do

Determine the current in and the voltage drop across each resistor of the circuit
diagram shown below. Show your solutions
 Assessment

Multiple choices. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. A resistance of 11 Ω will allow 10 A of current if the electromotive force is
___________.
a. 0.91 V
b. 1.1 V
c. 10 V
d. 110 V

2. Which among the choices describes an ammeter?

a. It is also a galvanometer.
b. It measures electrical power.
c. It is connected across a circuit.
d. It measures the resistance in an electrical system.

3. Ohm’s law states that:

a. I in a circuit is inversely proportional to emf
b. I in a circuit is directly proportional to the emf
c. Emf and resistance are inversely proportional
d. I in a circuit is directly proportional to resistance

4. The electromotive force or emf is:

a. Measured in volts
b. Creates a difference in potential
c. Gives the electrons a greater potential energy
d. All of the above

5-8. A refrigerator, TV set, radio, flat iron, and electric stove have a resistance of 20
Ω, 10 Ω, 5 Ω, 75 Ω, 55 Ω, respectively. If it is connected in parallel circuit and the
circuit is connected to a direct current of 220 volts, what is the:

5. Total resistance in the circuit?

a. 1 Ω
b. 2 Ω
c. 3 Ω
d. 4 Ω

6. Voltage drop in each appliance?

a. 10 V
b. 110 V
c. 20 V
d. 220 V

7. Current used by each appliance, in respective order?

a. 11 A, 22 A, 44 A, 2.9 A, 4.0 A
b. 11 A, 22 A, 33 A, 44 A, 55 A
c. 11 A, 22 A, 44 A, 3.9 A, 5.0 A
d. 21 A, 22 A, 44 A, 2,9 A, 5.0 A
8. Total current?
a. 82 A
b. 84 A
c. 86 A
d. 88 A

9. What is an instrument that directly measures electrical resistance?

a. Ammeter
b. Voltmeter
c. Ohmmeter
d. Diameter

10. These electrical circuits are practical circuits that are more complicated. A
system with such a complex circuit is commonly described as a:
a. Network
b. Parallel circuit
c. Series circuit
d. Ohm’s law

Additional Activities

For additional information about the Types of Electric Circuits and Ohm’s
Law, make time to watch the video link/s given below.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-SCyD7f_zI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_vLWkkOETI

Answer Key

c 10.
9. a
8. d the circuit thereby, lowering the current.
7. d series circuit, you increase the resistance in
2. When additional appliances were added into
6. c
the circuit to be complete.
5. d circuit, every device must function for
4. d through each component. ... In a series
3. b current is the sum of the currents flowing
2. a of the components is the same, and the total
1. a 1. In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each

WHAT I KNOW WHAT’S MORE - Activity 1

 WHAT ‘S MORE - What I can do
Activity 2

A. Connect in parallel
circuit
B. Connect in parallel
circuit
C. Connect in series
circuit

Assessment
1. a 6. d

2. a 7. a

3. a 8. b
4. d 9. c
5. c 10. a

References
• Electric Circuits - Lesson 4 - Circuit Connections. Physics Classroom.
Accessed November 19, 2020.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circuits/Lesson-
4/Combination-Circuits

• Khan Academy. (2018, January 6). Introduction to Circuits and Ohm’s

law. Youtube. Accessed November 19, 2020.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_vLWkkOETI

• The Organic Chemistry Tutor. (2017, February 21). Electric Current

and Circuits Explained, Ohm’s Law, Charge, Power, Physics Problems,
basuc Electricity. Youtube. Accessed November 19, 2020.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-SCyD7f_zI
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]