Practical Research 2 Quarter 1 Module 1

What I Know Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Encircle the letter of the
correct answer.

A1. Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of quantitative research?

A. The results taken from a sample can be generalized to the population.
B. It delivers an in-depth understanding of the problem or study.
C. It provides a more credible and reliable result.
D. Statistical analysis of numerical data.

B2. In an experiment, which group does not receive intervention?

A. The treatment group C. The control group
B. The participant group D. The experimental group

D3. Which of the following research questions could be answered by using quantitative research
methods?
A. What is the most popular social media platform used by Senior High School students?
B. How has the Covid-19 pandemic affect career choices among college students?
C. What are the factors affecting depressive behavior?
D. None of the above.

A4. Which statement below illustrates a weakness of quantitative research?

A. The responses of the participants are limited to what has been asked and the choices given.
B. The researcher's perspective can influence interpretation of results.
C. Data gathering takes too much time.
D. Low degree of subjectivity

B5. Which of the following is NOT a strength of quantitative research?

A. Speedy data analysis B. Less expensive C. Replicable D. Objective

For items 6 and 7, identify whether the given research topic is:
A. Correlational C. Descriptive
B. Quasi- experimental D. Experimental

C6. Determination of the degree of satisfaction of parents, teachers, and students on the online
and modular blended learning.
B7. The effects of non-renewal of the ABS-CBN franchise to the average television viewing time
of housewives. iv

A8. Which type of quantitative research seeks to determine relationship of one characteristic to
the other characteristic?
A. Correlational C. Ex-post facto
B. Experimental D. Descriptive
B9. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the importance of Quantitative
Research?
A. helps educators identify ways to improve learning.
B. helps improve crop production using safe organic fertilizers.
C. helps pharmaceutical companies explore safe and effective medicines.
D. helps understand victims of domestic violence perception of satisfaction.

For items 10 to 12, determine if the statement is:

A. Always true C. Never true
B. Sometimes true D. Cannot be identified

B10. A nominal variable is expressed in numbers.

A11. The independent and dependent variables are applicable to ALL quantitative studies.
C12. Dependent variables can be manipulated.

B13. A group of students would like to know if spending time with a cat or dog decreases the
amount of stress and allows students to perform better on tests. Which of the following is an
extraneous variable?
A. Student’s feeling towards the cat or dog
B. Amount of time spent with a cat or dog
C. Test scores of students
D. Amount of stress

D14. A famous vlogger wanted to know if changing the content of his vlogs (food review, travel,
study tips, etc.) will affect the number of views per uploaded video. The number of views per
uploaded video is the:
A. Confounding variable B. Independent variable C. Dependent variable D. Continuous variable

C15. Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?

A. Learning modality used B. Student’s test score C. Student’s height D. Student’s IQ

What’s New

Activity 1: Finding clues

Directions: Group the following word clues if they are characteristics of Quantitative Research
(Box A) or Qualitative Research (Box B).

1. Measurable 6. Text-based 11. Subjective

2. Behavior 7. Intervention 12. Small sample
3. Statistical 8. Experimental group 13. Tables and charts
4. Narrative 9. Unstructured observation 14. Deductive
5. Objective 10. Inductive 15. Generalizable
 A. Quantitative Research B. Qualitative Research

Measurable Tables and Charts Text-Based Subjective

Behavior Deductive Intervention Small sample
Narrative Generalizable Unstructed observation
Objective Experimental group Inductive
Statistical

Activity 2: Let’s match

Directions: Match the following quantitative research title under column A to its classification
(research design) in column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided.

Column A Column B
___A___1. Investigating the effects of formalin treated
eggplants on mice.
A. Experimental
___F___2. Factors affecting job satisfaction among Tech-Voc
graduates.
B. Descriptive
___B___3. Prevalence of domestic violence in cities declared
under Enhanced Community Quarantine during the
Covid-19 pandemic.
C. Ex post facto
___C___4. The effects of age on social media platform choice. D. Quasiexperimental
____E__5. The relationship between intelligence and sports
choices among high school students.
E. Correlational
F. Case Study

What’s More

Activity 1: True or False

Directions: On the space provided, write TRUE if the statement describes quantitative
research and FALSE if it is incorrect.
True 1. Quantitative data can be presented using tables and graphs.
True 2. The results of quantitative research can be used to generalize and predict.
True 3. Quantitative research is flexible so at any stage, the study may change.
True 4. Quantitative data are more credible, reliable, and useful than qualitative data.
False 5. The research study cannot be replicated or repeated because it is unique in every
case.
True 6. Data are in the form of numbers and analyzed statistically.
False 7. Data analysis is an on-going process. It can be done at any stage of the process.
True 8. The behavior of the participants is observed and is critical to the analysis of results.
False 9. Analysis of data is less time-consuming.
True 10. In quantitative research, the researcher participates and engages the participants
in the study

Activity 2: Yes or No

Direction: Write YES on the blank if the question requires for quantitative approach and NO if
it does not.

Yes 1. Are high grades in Mathematics a good indicator for employment after
graduation?
Yes 2. Will taking brain enhancers increase examination scores?
No 3. Are there changes in consumer behavior before and after online selling was
popularized?
No 4. Do online learning materials enhance the computer skills of students?
Yes 5. Are there changes in the study habits of public school students before and after
the Covid-19 pandemic?
Yes 6. What kind of pick-up lines are most appealing to both genders at the early adult
stage?
Yes 7. Is there a difference in the academic performance of students using online,
blended and modular learning modalities?
No 8. Will student’s and parent’s attitudes towards distance learning change over
time?
Yes 9. Which of the four SHS tracks (Academic, Tech-Voc, Sports, Arts & Design) is
greatly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic?
No 10. What are the factors affecting the delayed completion and submission of
assignments/tasks given to students using modular learning modality?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Write your learning about the following:

1. What is quantitative research?

Quantitative research is referred to as the process of collecting as well as analyzing
numerical data. It is generally used to find patterns, averages, predictions, as well as
cause-effect relationships between the variables being studied.

2. What are the characteristics of quantitative research?

Large Sample Size, Objective, Replication, Reliable Data, Generalized Data, Fast Data
Collection, Visual Result Presentation and Faster Data Analysis.

3. Discuss the strengths of quantitative research.

Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated, Findings are generalizable to the
population, Conclusive establishment of cause and effect, Numerical and quantifiable data can
be used to predict outcomes, Fast and easy data analysis using statistical software, Fast and
easy data gathering, Very objective and Validity and reliability can be established

4. Discuss the weaknesses of quantitative research.\

It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or concept in depth, It does not provide
comprehensive explanation of human experiences, Some information cannot be described by
numerical data such as feelings, and beliefs, The research design is rigid and not very flexible,
The participants are limited to choose only from the given responses, The respondents may
tend to provide inaccurate responses and A Large sample size makes data collection more
costly

5. Describe each type of quantitative design and give one (1) example for each kind.

A. Descriptive design. is used to describe a particular phenomenon by observing it as it occurs

in nature. EX:an organization may study how people with different income levels react to
the launch of a new Apple phone.

B. Correlational design. identifies the relationship between variables. Data is collected by

observation since it does not consider the cause and effect EX: Taller people have larger
shoe sizes and shorter people have smaller shoe sizes

C. Ex post facto design. is used to investigate a possible relationship between previous events
and present conditions. The term “Ex post facto”, means after the fact, looks at the possible
causes of an already occurring phenomenon. EX: a researcher is interested in how weight
influences self-esteem in adults.

D. Quasi-experimental design. is used to establish the cause and effect relationship of

variables. Although it resembles the experimental design, the quasi-experimental has lesser
validity due to the absence of random selection and assignment of subjects. EX:

E. Experimental design. like quasi- experimental is used to establish the cause and effect
relationship of two or more variables. This design provides a more conclusive result because it
uses random assignment of subjects and experimental manipulations. EX:

What I Can Do

Directions: Study ten (10) different quantitative research titles and classify them as to which
quantitative design they belong.

RESEARCH TITLE QUANTITATIVE

RESEARCH DESIGN
 1. The relationship between crime Corrational Design
statistics and immigration

2. The strategy that saved IBM from Descriptive Design

going insolvent

3. How Magna Carta changed England Ex post facto Design

4. The effect of public relations in Quasiexperimental Design

corporate organizations

5. The role and impact of nuclear energy Experimental Design

in today’s world

6. How bioterrorism can bring in the Ex post facto Design

negative impact on the environment
around us

7. The relationship between cognitive Corrational Design

development and child nutririon

8. Comparing the strategic display of a Experimental Design

product of different brands

9. The role of quarantine in current Descriptive Design

epidemiological practices

10. The effect of relationship in marketing Quasiexperimental Design

various UK-based corporate
organizations

LESSON 2

What’s New

Activity 1: Where do I belong?

Direction. Listed in Column A are the important inventions, innovations or discoveries in

history. Identify which field in Column B do these discoveries have great
importance.

Column A Column B
___B____1. Vaccine A. Agriculture and Fisheries
___D____2. Refrigeration B. Natural and Physical Science
___A____3. Printing press C. Business and Accounting
___D____4. Computer D. Information and Communications Technology
___I____5. Airplane E. Arts
___C____6. Photo finishes F. Education
___H____7. Social media G. Sports
___E____8. Paint H. Humanities and Social Science
I. Mathematics

Activity 2: Expanding your vocabulary!

Directions: Read through the text of this lesson and look for an underlined word that has the
same meaning as the word in the list below. Write the word on the space provided.
1. Intercession - intervention
2. To find out - discover
3. Salable - marketable
4. Quicken, expedite - fast track
5. Relationship - variable
6. Create, produce - craft
7. Compatibility - interoperability
8. Toughest - sturdiest
9. Changeable - correlation
10. Global, widespread - pandemic

What’s More

Directions: In a separate sheet, make a concept map (example below) of all other
fields/disciplines where you think quantitative research can be applied. Explain why quantitative
research is important to these fields.

Quantitative research is can be applied in Journalism because qualitative research in

Journalism is an indispensable resource for current and future journalist interested in
enhancing their coverage of the news and it has been stimulated by the social
scientist’s in the newspaper as a social institution.

Quantitative research is can be applied too on History because students of history need
basic quantitative research skills to enable them to access the treasure-love of social,
economic and political data.

Quantitative research methods can be applied in cultural anthropological research just

as easily as they are applied in other social sciences, and it is important that cultural
anthropologist begin applying them.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Answer the following questions clearly but briefly.

A. How is quantitative research relevant to different discipline?

 Quantitative research is relevant to several discipline that involve seeing how
much of a populace is inclined or not to specific things like statistics.

B. Explain briefly, the importance or contribution of quantitative research to each of

the
following fields of study.

Field Importance/contribution

Natural and physical science Developing the mathematical models,

theories and hypotheses pertaining to
natural phenomena

Education engages in the science and practice of

educational measurement and evaluation,
primarily through the development and
application of statistical methods,
informed by the study of teaching and
learning statistics.

Sports It helps coaches form beliefs about how

to develop programs and coaching
techniques

Arts and Design To guide better practice

Agriculture and Fisheries Actually the importance of quantitative

research in this is cannot be
overemphasized because it is useful in
finding disease patterns in crops

Information and Communication o develop and employ models based on

Technology mathematical approach, hypotheses and
theories pertaining to the nature of an ICT
phenomenon

Social Science To learn greater knowledge and

understanding of the social world

Business and Accounting Quantitative reasearch is all about

numbers. It uses mathematical analysis
and data to shed light on important
statistics about your business and market
What I Can Do

Directions: Search online, from a book or publication one particular quantitative study
for every field below and indicate its contribution to the development of knowledge
to that field.

Field Title, Author/s, Yr published Contribution

Education The Better You Feel the Better You Finds a way to improve
Learn: Do Warm Colours and learning through colors
Rounded Shapes Enhance Learning and shapes.
Outcome in Multimedia Learning?
Munchow, H, Mengelkamp, C,
Bannert, M. (2017)

Medicine

Sports

Food Industry

Agriculture

Arts

Social Science

Environmental
Science

ICT

Energy

Lesson 3

What’s New

Activity 1: Let’s review!

Directions: Read and analyze the following questions. Choose the letter of the correct
answer.

A1. Which variable is manipulated by the researcher?

A. Extraneous variable C. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable D. Confounding variable

B2. Which of the following is an example of a quantitative variable?

A. Plant variety C. Hair color
B. IQ D. Race

B3. Which of the following is an example qualitative variable?

A. Monthly sales C. gender
B. Basketball player number D. IQ
14

C4. The variable is the presumed effect of the manipulation on the object/subject of the
experiment.
A. Extraneous variable C. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable D. Confounding variable

C5. A type of variable that represent categories and can be ordered.

A. Nominal C. Ordinal
B. Discrete D. Ratio

B6. What type of variable is characterized by evenly dispersed range of numbers?

A. Nominal C. Dichotomous
B. Interval D. Ratio

B7. The variable that have potential effect on the dependent variable that are not part of
the
study.
A. Extraneous variable C. Dependent variable
B. Independent variable D. Confounding variable

A8. A variable that is used to name, categorize, or label the attributes being measured.
A. Nominal C. Ordinal
B. Interval D. Ratio

A9. What type of variable is gender?

A. Nominal C. Dichotomous
B. Interval D. Continuous

D10. The height of students before and after taking growth enhancers for 2 months is
what type
of variable?
A. Nominal C. Dichotomous
B. Interval D. Continuous

What’s More

Activity 2: Identifying variables

Directions: Identify the Independent, Dependent and Extraneous variable/s in each of

the following situations.

1. Three groups of students were placed in a classroom with controlled room

temperatures of 18°C, 20°C, 25°C. The math exam scores of the students were then
taken and compared to the other groups.

Independent variable: controlled room temperatures of 18°C, 20°C, 25°C

Dependent variable: Three groups of students were placed in a classroom
Extraneous variable: The math exam scores of the students were then taken and
compared to the other groups.

2. An online seller would like to know whether the indication of price on Facebook posts
will attract consumers more. He posted 50 products for sale on Facebook market, 25 of
which he indicated the price while the remaining 25 products, did not have prices.
Buyers were just instructed to send him a personal message (pm) if they want to know
the price. He then identified which products have greater sales.

Independent variable: ____________________________________________________

Dependent variable:______________________________________________________
Extraneous variable: _____________________________________________________

3. A housewife wanted to know which soil is best for her pechay plants: the soil
purchased from an online seller, soil from her backyard compost or the soil underneath
the nearby bamboo tree. She planted 30 pechay seeds into each soil source and then
compared the growth of pechay after a month.

Independent variable: soil underneath the nearby bamboo tree

Dependent variable: She planted 30 pechay seeds into each soil source
Extraneous variable: then compared the growth of pechay after a month.
4. Jenny is only borrowing the cellphone chargers of her brother, sister and mother
because she lost her phone charger. All chargers are of the same specifications as hers
even though they have different phone brands. However, she would like to know which
charger and charging cable combination would fill her phone battery the fastest. She
used the following codes as her reference and charged her phone uninterrupted using
the following combination. The charging time of the phone was then compared.

Brother’s Charger: BB Sister’s Charger: SS Mother’s Charger: MM

Brother’s Cable: bb Sister’s Cable: ss Mother’s Cable: mm

Combination Charging Combination Charging Combination Charging

time Time Time

BBbb SSss MMmm

BBss SSbb MMbb

BBmm SSmm MMss

Independent variable: ____________________________________________________

Dependent variable:______________________________________________________
Extraneous variable: _____________________________________________________

5. A teacher wanted to know which learning delivery modes (pure online, pure modular,
combination of online and modular) is most effective and has the fastest turnaround
time in the submission of accomplished activities among her Grade 12 students. She
divided the students into 3 groups, gave them the same activity sheets and asked them
to submit as soon as it is completed. She then compared the scores and completion
time of the 3 groups.

Independent variable: ____________________________________________________

Dependent variable:______________________________________________________
Extraneous variable: _____________________________________________________

Activity 2: Classifying variables

Directions: Identify the following variable as either qualitative or quantitative. Then
classify which specific category they belong.

Data Type of variable Classification

(Quantitative/Qualit (Discrete, continuous,
ative) interval, ratio, nominal,
dichotomous, ordinal)

Ex. Number of eggs laid by chickens Quantitative Discrete, interval

1. Amount of fertilizer given to plants Quantitative Discrete

2. Weight of Pechay harvested (in Quantitative Continuous,ratio

grams)

3. Speed of car Quantitative Discrete, ratio

4. Tomato plant variety Qualitative Ordinal

5. Color of alcohol packaging (blue, Qualitative Nominal

orange, white, pink)

6. Educational level of parents (high Qualitative Ordinal

school grad, college grad, MS, PhD)

7. Online seller satisfaction rating (1- Qualitative Ordinal

5 stars)

8. Cellphone brand Quantitative Discrete, Interval

9. Number of Covid-19 positive cases Quantitative Discrete, Ratio

10. Type of music Qualitatitve Dichotomus

11. Number of passengers in a PUJ Quantitative Discrete, Ratio

12. Socio-economic status Qualitative Ordinal

13. Gender Qualitative Nominal

14. Temperature in Fahrenheit Quantitative Continous, Ratio

15. Civil Status Qualtative Nominal

What I Have Learned

Directions: Explain briefly what is being asked for.

1. Compare and contrast qualitative variables and quantitative variables.

When collecting and analyzing data,quantitive research deals with numbers and statistics, while
qualitative research deals with words and meanings. Both are important for gaining different
kinds of knowledge.

2. Why are dependent and independent variables not applicable in a descriptive type of
Research?

An independent variable is created by an experimenter. A describer does not create anything.

Thus there is no independent variable. A dependent variable is in response to an independent
variable. Thus there is no dependent variable. In the description of a situation in which one
variable seems to control another variable, an experiment is suggested. The description could
reference a proposed independent variable and a hypothesized dependent variable.

13. How important is it for the researcher to identify the type of variables used in the
study?

Knowing the types of variables used in a research would help a researcher identify the items in
a research question or hypothesis that manipulates, causes or influences something or a
reaction (the independent variables) and the items (dependent variables) that rely on something
else(the independent variables) to occur/change before they can have a result.

4. How does confounding variable affect the validity of the study?

Confounding variables are those correlated with both the independent and dependent variables.
Confounds reduce the validity of a hypothesis test in that (unless the confounding variable is
controlled for) if the null hypothesis is rejected, you can’t be sure it’s because of the effect of the
independent variable or the confounding variable.

5. When do we use discrete, continuous, nominal, ordinal

Depends how you want to observe your phenomenon. If you want to measure, use continous
variable but ordinal or nominal when you wanto to count (frequency of event). Some variables
allow you to measure or count. Example, age. You can count how many people are in certain
age or spam of age, but also determine how old are (measure).

What I Can Do
Make a quick survey to your friends, family members and professors who have
previously conducted a quantitative research study. Evaluate the title of their papers
and identify the independent, dependent, and other variables.

Assessment: (Post-Test)

Directions: Read and analyze the statements below. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.

B1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the importance of Quantitative
Research?
A. helps educators identify ways to improve learning.
B. helps improve crop production using safe organic fertilizers.
C. helps pharmaceutical companies explore safe and effective medicines.
D. helps understand victims of domestic violence perception of satisfaction.

A2. Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of quantitative research?

A. The results taken from a sample can be generalized to the population.
B. It provides an in-depth understanding of the problem or study.
C. Provides a more credible and reliable result.
D. Statistical analysis of numerical data.

B3. In an experiment, which group does not receive intervention?

A. The treatment group C. The control group
B. The participant group D. The experimental group

D4. Which of the following research questions could be answered by using quantitative
research methods?
A. What is the most popular social media platform used by Senior High School
students?
B. How has the Covid-19 pandemic affects career choices among college
students?
C. What are the factors affecting depressive behavior?
D. None of the above.
B5. Which of the following is NOT a strength of quantitative research?
A. Speedy data analysis
B. Less expensive
C. Replicable
D. Objective

B6. Which statement below illustrates a weakness of quantitative research?

A. The responses of the participants are limited to what has been asked and the
choices given.
B. The researcher's perspective can influence interpretation of results.
C. Data gathering takes too much time.
D. Low degree of subjectivity

For items 7 and 8, identify whether the given research topic is:
A. Correlational C. Descriptive
B. Quasi- experimental D. Experimental

C7. Determination of the degree of satisfaction of parents, teachers, and students on

the
online and modular blended learning.
B8. The effects of non-renewal of the ABS-CBN franchise to the average daily time
watching television of housewives.

A9. Which type of quantitative research seeks to determine relationship of one

characteristic to the other characteristic?
A. Correlational C. Ex-post facto
B. Experimental D. Descriptive

For items 10 to 12, determine if the statement is:

A. Always true C. Never true

B. Sometimes true D. Cannot be identified

B10 Dependent variables can be manipulated.

A11. The independent and dependent variables are applicable to ALL quantitative
studies.
C12. A nominal variable is expressed in numbers.
B13. A group of students would like to know if spending time with a cat or dog
decreases
the amount of stress and allows students to perform better on tests. Which of the
following is an extraneous variable?
A. Student’s feeling towards the cat or dog
B. Amount of time spent with a cat or dog
C. Test scores of students
D. Amount of stress

C14. Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?

A. Learning modality used
B. Student’s test score
C. Student’s height
D. Student’s IQ

D15. A famous vlogger wanted to know if changing the content of his vlogs (food
review,
travel, study tips, etc.) will affect the number of views per uploaded video. The number
of views per uploaded video is the:
A. Confounding variable
B. Independent variable
C. Dependent variable
D. Continuous variable