SPJ 10 Quarter Handout
SPJ 10 Quarter Handout
SPJ 10 Quarter Handout
Broadcast Journalism - a way of delivering the news to the people over the radio, television and now the internet.
Specifically, this category includes anyone associated with a radio or television (and increasingly the internet) news
broadcast.
Ethics, also known as moral philosophy. It is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality such as:
• good and evil
• right and wrong
• justice and crime etc.
TYPES OF ETHICS
1. Work ethics
You may have heard of the term work ethics, this is how a business or company thinks you should act and
behave. This will most likely include; being polite, being professional, treating everyone with respect, not
talking down to people and working as a team.
2. Personal ethics.
You may have your own ethics, which means that you may strongly believe that you should act or behave in
a certain way; which could be anything from good table manners to the way you speak to other people or
even the way you react to others.
Ethics of Broadcasting
1. Trust
Trust is the foundation of the Broadcasting. It is independent and impartial .
2. Truth and Accuracy
Broadcasting seeks to establish the truth of what has happened and are committed to achieving due
accuracy. Accuracy is not simply a matter of getting facts right; when necessary, it is the measure of relevant
facts and information to get at the truth.
3. Editorial Integrity and Independence
The broadcasting is independent of outside interests and arrangements.
4. Impartiality
Broadcasting is impartiality to all subject matter and will reflect a range and diversity of opinion of people
output as a whole, over an appropriate period, so that no significant aspect of thought is knowingly
unreflected or underrepresented.
5. Serving the Public Interest
Its main aim is to serving the public interest. It seek to report stories of the audiences interest .
6. Fairness
Output will be based on fairness, openness, honesty and straight dealing.
7. Transparency
It will be transparent about the nature and provenance of the content offer . Where appropriate, identity of
the person who has created it will given and use labeling to help online users make informed decisions about
the suitability of content for themselves and their children.
2. The VO
- The VO: VOICE-OVERS (video\graphics – read by anchor)
- Any story the anchor reads that also uses video – the voice is heard “over” the visuals
- Write directly to the visuals – the anchor talks about what we’re seeing while we’re seeing it
3. The VO/SOT
- The VO/SOT: VOICE-OVERS/SOUND ON TAPE (video + sound bite(s) – read by anchor)
- Any story the anchor reads that begins with visuals but also has a SOT sound bite(s) included
- SOT/sound bite = brief snippet of an interview edited to follow a certain amount of video/visuals/voiceover
4. The REPORTER PACKAGE
- The REPORTER PACKAGE (video + sound + narration presented by reporter but he or she is NOT present live and
does NOT interact with the anchor(s) even though he or she might be taped in the studio)
- Always involves reporters and are packaged, fully self-contained pieces for your show
- Anchors read track for READERS, VOs, VO/SOTs, and the “lead-ins” and “tags” to PACKAGES while the REPORTER
does the actual package narration
- First story type we’ve discussed that features a reporter rather than an anchor
- Usually features a “stand-up” – when the reporter appears on- camera in the field and delivers some
information/narration
- The Reporter’s chance for face/screen time
- The audience can now identify the reporter
- Personalizes the story and builds
- Complicated and detailed script that incorporates visuals, SOTs, other audio and NAT(ural) sounds into one
finished news story “package”
- Large job – usually one package per shift for reporter/producer
5. The DONUT PACKAGE
- The DONUT PACKAGE (reporter package + reporter is LIVE on scene or in the studio AND interacts with the
anchor(s) about the story)
- A reporter delivers the Intro and Tag to package live
- Often no stand-up in a donut piece
- Reporter talks with anchor about the story before and/or after it rolls
- Involves both the anchor and the reporter more fully in the story – can be very