









o

o
o


o
o

o
o
 o


o


o


o
o
o


o

o







o

o


o

o

o



o
 
o



o
o



print("Hello World from python")


o



o
o



 o
o

o
o
o
o
o


1. a = 5
2. print("The type of a", type(a))
3.
4. b = 40.5
5. print("The type of b", type(b))
6.
7. c = 1+3j
8. print("The type of c", type(c))
9. print(" c is a complex number", isinstance(1+3j,complex))

The type of a <class 'int'>

The type of b <class 'float'>
The type of c <class 'complex'>
c is complex number: True


o

o
o

o
1. # Python program to check the boolean type
2. print(type(True))
3. print(type(False))
4. print(false)
 <class 'bool'>
<class 'bool'>
NameError: name 'false' is not defined





o


o
o
o
o
o

 રાજકોટ”








x = " D a r s h a n "
index = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Reverse index = 0 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1



x = 'our string'
subx1 = x[startindex]
subx2 = x[startindex:endindex]
subx3 = x[startindex:endindex:steps]


x = 'darshan institute of engineering and technology, rajkot,
gujarat, INDIA'
subx1 = x[0:7]
subx2 = x[49:55]
subx3 = x[66:]
subx4 = x[::2]
subx5 = x[::-1]
print(subx1)
print(subx2)
print(subx3)
print(subx4)
print(subx5)

darshan
rajkot
INDIA
drhnisiueo niern n ehooy akt uaa,IDA
AIDNI ,tarajug ,tokjar ,ygolonhcet dna gnireenigne fo etutitsni nahsrad

x = "Darshan"
print(len(x))


x = "Darshan"
ca = x.count('a')
print(ca)

x = "darshan Institute, rajkot"

c = x.title()
l = x.lower()
u = x.upper()
print(c)
print(l)
print(u)

Darshan Institute, Rajkot

darshan institute, rajkot
DARSHAN INSTITUTE, RAJKOT

x = 'darshan institute, rajkot'

c = x.istitle()
l = x.islower()
u = x.isupper()
print(c)
print(l)
print(u)

False
True
False

o

x = 'darshan institute, rajkot, india'

f = x.find('in')
print(f)

8 (index of ‘in’ in x)

x = 'darshan institute, rajkot, india'

r = x.rfind('in')
print(r)

27 (last index of ‘in’ in x)

o
x = 'darshan institute, rajkot, india'
r = x.replace('india','INDIA')
print(r)

darshan institute, rajkot, INDIA


o

x = 'darshan institute, rajkot, india'

f = x.index('in')
print(f)

8 (index of ‘in’ in x)

x = 'darshan institute, rajkot, india'

r = x.rindex('in')
print(r)

27 (last index of ‘in’ in x)

o

o

x = 'darshan123'
f = x.isalnum()
print(f)

True

o
o


o

o





x = '{0} institute, rajkot, INDIA'

r = x.format('darshan')
print(r)

darshan institute, rajkot, INDIA


x = '{0} institute, {1}, {2}'
r = x.format('darshan', 'rajkot', 'INDIA')
print(r)

darshan institute, rajkot, INDIA



x = '{0} institute, {1}, {2}, welcome to {0}'
r = x.format('darshan', 'rajkot', 'INDIA')
print(r)

darshan institute, rajkot, INDIA, welcome to darshan

x = '{{{0}}} institute'
r = x.format('darshan')
print(r)

x = 'The price for {0} is ₹{1}'

r = x.format('iphone',50000)
print(r)

The price for iphone is ₹50000


s = '{0} institute of engineering'
print(s.format('darshan')) #default formatting

darshan institute of engineering

 s = '{0:25} institute of engineering'
print(s.format('darshan')) #minimum width

darshan institute of engineering

s = '{0:>25} institute of engineering'

print(s.format('darshan')) #right align, minimum width

darshan institute of engineering

s = '{0:^25} institute of engineering'

print(s.format('darshan')) #center align, minimum width

darshan institute of engineering

s = '{0:-^25} institute of engineering'

print(s.format('darshan')) #fill center align, minimum width

---------darshan--------- institute of engineering

s = '{0:.3} institute of engineering' #maximum width of 3

print(s.format('darshan'))

dar institute of engineering


s = 'amount = {0}' # default formatting
print(s.format(123456))

123456

s1 = 'amount = {0:0=10}' # 0 fill, minimum width 12 (technique 1)

print(s1.format(123456))

s2 = 'amount = {0:010}' # 0 pad, minimum width 12 (technique 2)

print(s2.format(123456))
 amount = 0000123456
amount = 0000123456

s = 'amount = {0: }' # space or - sign

print(s.format(123456))
print(s.format(-123456))

‘ 123456’
‘-123456’

s = 'amount = {0:+}' # force sign

print(s.format(123456))
print(s.format(-123456))

+123456
-123456

s1 = '{0:b} {0:o} {0:x} {0:X}'

s1 = '{0:#b} {0:#o} {0:#x} {0:#X}'
print(s1.format(12))
print(s2.format(12))

1100 14 c C
0b1100 0o14 0xc 0XC


s = 'amount = {0}' # default formatting
print(s.format(12.3456789))

12.3456789

s1 = 'amount = {0:10.2e}' # exponential formatting with two precession

s2 = 'amount = {0:10.2f}' # floating formatting with two precession
print(s1.format(12345.6789))
print(s2.format(12345.6789))

amount = 1.23e+04
amount = 12345.68


o
o
o
o
o
o
o








if some_condition :
# Code to execute when condition is true


x = 10

if x > 5 :
print("X is greater than 5")

X is greater than 5





x = 3

if x > 5 :
print("X is greater than 5")
else :
print("X is less than 5")

X is less than 5
 







x = 10

if x > 12 :
print("X is greater than 12")
elif x > 5 :
print("X is greater than 5")
else :
print("X is less than 5")

X is greater than 5


o
o


o
o
o

while some_condition :
# Code to execute in loop

x = 0
while x < 3 :
print(x)
x += 1 # x++ is invalid in python
 0
1
2


x = 5
while x < 3 :
print(x)
x += 1 # x++ is invalid in python
else :
print("X is greater than 3")

X is greater than 3


for temp_item in iterable_object :
# Code to execute for each object in iterable

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
for list_item in my_list :
print(list_item)

1
2
3
4

my_list = range(0,5)
for list_item in my_list :
print(list_item)
 0
1
2
3
4


my_list = ["darshan","institute","rajkot","gujarat"]
for list_item in my_list :
print(list_item)

darshan
institute
rajkot
gujarat


for temp in range(5) :
if temp == 2 :
break
print(temp)

0
1

for temp in range(5) :

if temp == 2 :
continue
print(temp)

0
1
3
4

for temp in range(5) :

pass








def function_name(arguments) :
''' docstring ''' #optional
#code to execute when function is called


def seperator() :
print('==============================')

print("hello world")
seperator()
print("from darshan college")
seperator()
print("rajkot")

hello world
==============================
from darshan college
==============================
rajkot




def seperator(type) :
if(type=='=') :
print('==============================')
elif(type=='*') :
print('******************************')
else :
print('&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&')

print("hello world")
seperator('=')
print("from darshan college")
seperator('*')
print("rajkot")

hello world
==============================
from darshan college
******************************
rajkot

def setName(name) :
name[0] = "arjun bala"

name = ["Default"]
setName(name)
print(name)

['arjun bala']


def collegeDetails(collegeName, state) :
print(collegeName + " is located in "+ state)

collegeDetails(state='Gujarat', collegeName='Darshan')

Darshan is located in Gujarat




def collegeDetails(collegeName, state='Gujarat') :
print(collegeName + " is located in "+ state)

collegeDetails(collegeName='Darshan')

Darshan is located in Gujarat


def collegeList(*colleges):
print(colleges[0])
# we can also loop through all the arguments
# for c in colleges :
# print(c)

collegeList('darshan','nirma','vvp')

darshan


def collegeDetail(**college) :
print('College Name is '+college['name'])

collegeDetail(city='rajkot', state='gujarat', name='Darshan')

College Name is Darshan


 
def addition(n1,n2):
return n1 + n2

ans = addition(10,5)
print(ans)

15

o
o
o
o







my_list = ['darshan', 'institute', 'rkot']
print(my_list[1])
print(len(my_list))
my_list[2] = "rajkot"
print(my_list)
print(my_list[-1])

institute (List index starts with 0)

3 (length of the List)
['darshan', 'institute', 'rajkot'] (Note : spelling of rajkot is updated)
rajkot (-1 represent last element)



my_list = ['darshan', 'institute', 'rajkot','gujarat','INDIA']
print(my_list[1:3])

['institute', 'rajkot'] (Note: end index is not included)

my_list = ['darshan', 'institute', 'rajkot']

my_list.append('gujarat')
print(my_list)

['darshan', 'institute', 'rajkot', 'gujarat']

my_list = ['darshan', 'institute', 'rajkot']

my_list.insert(2,'of')
my_list.insert(3,'engineering')
print(my_list)

['darshan', 'institute', 'of', 'engineering', 'rajkot']

my_list1 = ['darshan', 'institute']

my_list2 = ['rajkot','gujarat']
my_list1.extend(my_list2)
print(my_list1)

['darshan', 'institute', ‘rajkot', ‘gujarat']

o
 my_list = ['darshan', 'institute','rajkot']
temp = my_list.pop()
print(temp)
print(my_list)

rajkot
['darshan', 'institute']

my_list = ['darshan', 'institute', 'darshan','rajkot']

my_list.remove('darshan')
print(my_list)

['institute', 'darshan', 'rajkot']

my_list = ['darshan', 'institute', 'darshan','rajkot']

my_list.clear()
print(my_list)

[] (Empty List)

my_list = ['darshan', 'institute', 'darshan','rajkot']

id = my_list.index('institute')
print(id)

o
 my_list = ['darshan', 'institute', 'darshan','rajkot']
c = my_list.count('darshan')
print(c)

my_list = ['darshan', 'institute','rajkot']

my_list.reverse()
print(my_list)

['rajkot', ‘institute','darshan']

my_list = ['darshan', 'college','of','enginnering','rajkot']

my_list.sort()
print(my_list)
my_list.sort(reverse=True)
print(my_list)

['college', 'darshan', 'enginnering', 'of', 'rajkot']

['rajkot', 'of', 'enginnering', 'darshan', 'college']



o
o

my_set = {1,1,1,2,2,5,3,9}
print(my_set)
 {1, 2, 3, 5, 9}






o
o

my_tuple = ('darshan','institute','of','engineering','of')
print(my_tuple)
print(my_tuple.index('engineering'))
print(my_tuple.count('of'))
print(my_tuple[-1])

('darshan', 'institute', 'of', 'engineering', 'of')

3
2
of


my_dict = { 'key1':'value1', 'key2':'value2' }

my_dict = {'college':"darshan", 'city':"rajkot",'type':"enginee
ring"}
print(my_dict['college'])
print(my_dict.get('city'))

darshan
rajkot

my_dict = {'college':"darshan",
'city':"rajkot",
'type':"engineering"}
print(my_dict.keys())

['college', 'city', 'type']

my_dict = {'college':"darshan",
'city':"rajkot",
'type':"engineering"}
print(my_dict.values())

['darshan', 'rajkot', 'engineering']

my_dict = {'college':"darshan",
'city':"rajkot",
'type':"engineering"}
print(my_dict.items())
 [('college', 'darshan'), ('city', 'rajkot'), ('type', 'engineering')]


mystr = 'darshan'
mylist = []
for c in mystr:
mylist.append(c)

print(mylist)

['d', 'a', 'r', 's', 'h', 'a', 'n']



[ expression for item in iterable ]
OR
[ expression for item in iterable if condition ]


mylist = [c for c in 'darshan']
print(mylist)

['d', 'a', 'r', 's', 'h', 'a', 'n']


# list of square from 1 to 10
mylist = []
for i in range(1,11):
mylist.append(i**2)

print(mylist)
 [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]


# list of square from 1 to 10
mylist = [ i**2 for i in range(1,11) ]
print(mylist)

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]


leapYears = [i for i in range(1980,2021) if i%4==0]
print(leapYears)

[1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020]