SPORTS RELATED ACTIVITIES AT HOME DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC OF

CRISTETA BAGANO MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS-ATHLETES

A Research Proposal

By:

MARTINI LOUISE C. ARELLANO

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

 Children’s engagement in sports competition is known to contribute to the development

outcomes for a healthy lifestyle, where children learn about physical and cognitive skills (Choi et

al, 2014.) More broadly, engagement in physical activity is also recognized to contribute a range

of positive outcomes, specifically; physical and mental health, social wellbeing, cognitive and

academic performance (Bailey et al, 2013).Furthermore, educational developmental researchers

consistently recognize athletic participation as one of the critical agents on developing positive

peer association and higher self-esteem among adolescents (ee.g., Barber, Eccles, and Stone,

2001;Broh, 2002; Mahoney et al.,2003).

Research addressing the impact of this pandemic in sports identified specific challenges

for athletes mental health during the lockdown, such as the difficulty in keeping training

conditions (Pillay et al., 2020), and social distancing from teammates (Graupensperger et al.,

2020), and the uncertainty regarding the delay or cancelation of future competitions (Samuel et

al., 2020).

The COVID-19 pandemic response resulted in an unprecedented situation within the sporting

community. Many athletes have been unable to perform sport-specific training, due to movement

restrictions (Bok et al., 2020) Consequently, athletes have resorted to training at home, often

without supervision or specialist equipment (Mon-Lopez et al., 2020)

Athletes were forced to abruptly modify training habits without adequate time for coaches,

strength, and conditioning professionals and athletes to develop a structured strategy moving

forward. While previous commentaries (Sarto, et al., 2020) and consensus statements have been
recently published regarding concerns for athletes returning to sport after a disruption in regular

training or recommendations for in-home training (Hammami et al., 2020; Jukic et al., 2020)

Statement of the Problems

This study aims to determine the sports related activities at home during covid 19 pandemic of

CBMHS students-athletes on the year 2020-2021.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the following variables?

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Year level

d. Athlete’s experience

e. Highest Level of Competition played

2. What is the level of intensity of sports related activities at home during covid 19

pandemic of CBMHS students-athletes according to the following areas:

3. What is the type the sports related activities at home during covid 19 pandemic of

CBMHS students-athletes?

4. Is there a significant difference in the level of intensity the sports related activities at

home during covid 19 pandemic of Cristeta Bagano Memorial High School students-

athletes when they are group according to the aforementioned variables

 Hypothesis

There is no significant difference in the level of intensity of the sport related activities

you do at home during this Covid 19 pandemic when they are group and compared according to

the aforementioned variables.

Assumptions of the study

The level of intensity of the sports related activities at home during covid 19 pandemic of

CBMHS students-athletes vary to a certain level.

Study Variables, Indicators and Categories

Variables Indicators Categories
Age Number of years existence Younger
Older

Sex Biological Classification Male

Female

Year level Grade Level Grade 7

Grade 8
Grade 9
Grade 10
Grade 11
Grade 12
Lengths of playing experience Number of playing years Shorter
Longer

Level of Competition played Highest Competition played Intrams

Municipal Meet
District Meet
Provincial Meet
Regional Meet
Palarong Pambansa

Theoretical Framework

This study will be anchored on Self determination theory suggests that people are motivated to

grow and change by three innate and universal psychological needs. This theory suggests that

people are able to become self-determined when their needs for competence, connection, and

autonomy are fulfilled.

Two key assumptions of the theory is the need for growth drives behavior. The first assumption

of self-determination theory is that people are actively directed toward growth. Gaining mastery

over challenges and taking in new experiences are essential for developing a cohesive sense of

self. Second, Autonomous motivation is important, self determination theory focuses primarily

on internal sources of motivation such as a need to gain knowledge or independence.

According to self-determination theory, people need to feel the following in order to achieve

psychological growth. Autonomy: People need to feel in control of their own behaviors and

goals. This sense of being able to take direct action that will result in real change plays a major

part in helping people feel self-determined. Competence: People need to gain mastery of tasks

and learn different skills. When people feel that they have the skills needed for success, they are
more likely to take actions that will help them achieve their goals. Connection or relatedness:

People need to experience a sense of belonging and attachment to other people.

Ryan and Deci have suggested that the tendency to be either proactive or passive is largely

influenced by social conditions in which people are raised. Social support is key. Through our

relationships an interactions with others, we can either foster or thwart well-being and personal

growth.
 Conceptual Framework of the Study

level of intensity of sports Type of sport related activities at

related activities at home home

High Intensity Cardio training (jumping jack,

jumping rope, jog in place, etc) Sport related activity of
Moderate Intensity Athlete
Strength training (push up, curl up,
Low Intensity lifting weights)

Sport technique training (passing,

shooting, dribbling, etc)

Scope of the Study

Descriptive design will be used in this study to determine the sports related activities at home

during covid 19 pandemic of Cristeta Bagano Memorial High school students-athletes, Division

of Masbate Province during the school Year 2020-2021 as basis for formulation of an

enhancement plan where 50 respondents will answer a research made survey instruction and the

data gather will be subjected to SPSS with frequency count, percentage, mean, mann-whitney U

test as statistical tools and descriptive and comparative will be used as analytical schemes.

Significant of the Study

Students-athletes. As the main recipient of the study, results will give student-athletes proper

coaching intervention and guided training program.

Coaches. The studies will provide necessary information to the coaches in providing

intervention and guided training program to motivated athletes.

Definition of Terms

For farther understanding of terms being used in the study, the following terms will be

conceptually and operationally defined.

Student-athlete – is a participant in an organized competitive sport sponsored by educational

institution in which the student is enrolled

Coach- A person who teaches and trains an athlete or performer.

Intensity – is how hard your exercise

Type – refers to what kind of exercise you are doing.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Conceptual literature

Many student athletes around the country are feeling lost during this COVID-19 pandemic.

Spring seasons were cut short or canceled entirely and the status of Fall sports is up in the air.

Since many athletes consider playing sports the most rewarding part of their day, and an

important part of their identity, this hiatus can cause stress and anxiety.

And for high school athletes looking to get recruited by college sports programs, the disruption

can leave them nervous about the future of their athletic careers.
The benefits of playing sports are numerous. In addition to the physical health improvements,

sports can have a positive impact on depression, anxiety, memory, sleep and mood, says Michael

Swartzon, M.D., a sports medicine physician at Miami Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Institute. 

For young people, playing sports can build self-confidence and being part of a team can help

them feel connected to peers.

Since most athletes do not have access to the exercise equipment they would normally use at

team practices, creativity is key, says Dr. Swartzon. “The professional athletes I’ve talked to

have gone back to their roots, working out at home and converting their garages into workout

areas,” he said.

High school and college athletes can also set up a designated training area at home. They can

practice sport-specific skills and access exercise apps and livestream classes that focus on

strength, flexibility, coordination and mental skills. “This is a good time for athletes to be open

to new techniques and have a bit of fun with their workouts,” Dr. Swartzon added.

Research Literature

Imposing lockdown or quarantine for the population has been one of the widely used measures

across the world to stop the rapid spread of COVID-19, it has severe consequences too. Recent

multinational investigations have shown the negative effect of COVID-19 restrictions on social

participation, life satisfaction (Ammar et al., 2020b), mental well-being, psychosocial and

emotional disorders as well as on sleep quality (Xiao et al., 2020), and employment status
(Ammar et al., 2020d). Announcement of a sudden lockdown of all services and activities,

except few essential services, by the authorities has resulted in a radical change in the lifestyle of

affected people (Jiménez-Pavón et al., 2020) and has severely impaired their mental health,

which has been manifested in the form of increased anxiety, stress, and depression (Chtourou et

al., 2020). The sudden changes in people’s lifestyle include, but are not limited to, physical

activities and exercise. Ammar et al. (2020a) have reported that COVID-19 home confinement

has resulted in a decrease in all levels of physical activities and about 28% increase in daily

sitting time as well as increase in unhealthy pattern of food consumption. Similar results are also

reported by other researchers (Ammar et al., 2020c; de Oliveira Neto et al., 2020) as well.

Although these abrupt changes have influenced every individual, many people who were

regularly following their fitness activities in gyms, or in the ground, or other places before the

lockdown have been affected intensely. Closure of fitness centers and public parks has forced

people to stay at home, which has disturbed their daily routines and hampered their fitness

activities. While compulsion to stay at home for a long period of time poses a challenge to the

continuity of physical fitness, the experience of hampered physical activities, restricted social

communication, uncertainty, and helplessness leads to the emergence of psychological and

physical health issues (Ammar et al., 2020a,c). Varshney et al. (2020) have found that

psychological problems are occurring in adults while adjusting to the current lifestyle in

accordance to the fear of contracting the COVID-19 disease. However, effective coping

strategies, psychological resources, and regular physical exercise can be helpful in dealing with

such health-related problems during the COVID-19 pandemic (Chtourou et al., 2020).

staying physically active is to minimize the effects of detraining and to facilitate the return to a

normal routine after the home confinement. In this pandemic period, competitions and sporting
events are suspended, and the return date for many of these competitions is uncertain.

Considering the negative economic impact of the pandemic, there is a chance that these events

will resume a short period after the end of the home confinement. Therefore, it is important that

the athlete does not have a sharp decline in physical fitness. In this sense, several studies have

shown that periods without training induce reductions in aerobic fitness, muscle strength, muscle

power, sprint performance, flexibility, and physiological adaptions in athletes from different

sports (García-Pallarés J, Sánchez-Medina L, Pérez CE, Izquierdo-Gabarren M, Izquierdo

M,2010). Therefore, it is essential that athletes remain active to decrease the magnitude and

speed of detraining, which should occur due to changes in training routines. In addition, attention

should also be steered toward athletic fitness. Thus, it is important that athletes try to perform the

technical movements of their sport, although this is limited in many cases (e.g., dependence on

the opponent, such as team sports, need for equipment, or practice location, such as swimming).

For the conditioning routine during home confinement, athletes can include exercises within

their possibilities of physical space and available equipment (e.g., barbells, weight plates,

dumbbells, kettlebells, and bands). In this case, if there is another family member using the same

equipment, the cleaning of used equipment, followed by disinfection using chemicals to kill the

virus on the surfaces is an essential practice for the prevention of COVID-19 in households

(Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), 2020). Individuals tasked with cleaning and

disinfection of equipment should be familiar with manufacturer recommendations (including

virus kill times) for the products used. For those who do not have equipment, exercise routines

without equipment (e.g., jogging, squats, burpees, push-ups, sit-ups, and stretching) may be good

options. However, athletes should be aware of the intensity of the sessions and the state of

recovery to avoid immunosuppression, which can be facilitated by mental stress. In addition, it is

important to avoid prolonged periods of sedentary behaviors, such as sitting or lying time, and

screen time (e.g., TV, cell phone, computer, and video games) during this home confinement.

Synthesis

The literature presented in the study discusses the effects of Covid 19 pandemic on physical

activity which resulted to home confinement of the athletes. The athletes have found new ways

to train at home. Training is part of daily life for professional athletes – even during lockdown.

Around the world, sportspeople are finding creative ways to stay in shape while staying at home.

The above literature, the researchers provides the researcher sources of evidence, facts

viewpoints and approaches that will serve as a guidelines in the conduct of the study.

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

This chapter deals with the research design , the subject and the respondents of the study, the

research instrument aswell as its validity and reliability of the research, data gathering procedure

and the statistical tools used for analyzing the data.

Research Design

This study aims to determine the level of intensity of sports related activities at home during

Covid 19 pandemic of CBMHS students-athletes.

Quantitative research is ‘Explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analysed using

mathematically based methods (in particular statistics) Aliaga and Gunderson (2000).

Locale of the study

This study will be conducted at Municipality of Mobo. The municipality has a land area of

143.47 square kilometers or 55.39 square miles which constitutes 3.46% of Masbate's total area.

Its population as determined by the 2015 Census was 38,813. This represented 4.35% of the

total population of Masbate province, or 0.67% of the overall population of the Bicol Region.

Based on these figures, the population density is computed at 271 inhabitants per square

kilometer or 701 inhabitants per square mile.

Respondents of the Study

A sample of 10 student-athletes of Cristeta Bagano Memorial High School will be the

respondents of study. The respondents considered for this study are currently enrolled in Cristeta

Bagano Memorial high school. These respondents will be identified through non- probability

sampling technique, using purposive method.

Data gathering procedure

The researcher will distribute the instrument/questionnaire to the student athlete of Cristeta

Bagano Memorial High School.

The researcher will personally administer the questionnaire to the respondents. After

questionnaires is retrieved. The answers, scores will be analyzed, tallied tabulated and

interpreted according to the specifc problem and hypotheses in this study.

Once the survey administration will be completed, the raw data will be tabulated and must be

readied for statistical interpretation

Analytical Schemes

The analytical schemes will be employed to achieve the objects of the study were determined by

the nature of the research problems. Based on the concerns of this study, the following schemes

will be employed.

Objective 1 will be use descriptive analytical scheme to determine the profile of the respondents

in terms of age, sex, civil status, year level, length of playing experience, highest level of

competition played

Descriptive analytical scheme is used to obtain information concerning status of phenomena.

Purpose of thsese methods is to describe “ what exists” with respect to the situational variables

(koulbon, 2017).

Objective 2 will use descriptive analytical scheme to determine the level of intensity of sports

related activities at home during Covid 19 pandemic of Cristeta Bagano Memorial High School

students-athletes

Objective 3 will use descriptive analytical scheme to determine the level of intensity of sports

related activities at home during Covid 19 pandemic of Cristeta Bagano Memorial High School

students-athletes when taken as whole and when classified according to aforementioned

variables.
Objective 4 will use descriptive analytical scheme to determine the level of intensity of sports

related activities at home during Covid 19 pandemic of Cristeta Bagano Memorial High School

students-athletes when grouped and compared according to aforementioned variables