1 English is an idiomatic language; hence it is charged with people's history, culture, routines of daily life and attitudes.

It
is culturally bound. Read the idioms below and match them with their meanings and etymology.

1. at the double a) as quickly as possible, immediately A. From a story by Hans Christian Andersen.

2. like a dose of salts b) speech, words, etc., that cannot be B. Referring to the fact that Dutch is a language that sounds very
understood; difficult to people who are not native speakers.
3. flutter the c) defend what one believes to be good, C. Referring to sheep breeding, specifically a sheep returning to
dovecotes true, etc. against changes that threaten to its pen or enclosure and to the other sheep in the pen.
destroy it;
4. an ugly duckling d) to act hurriedly, esp. without thinking D. Referring to the business of dyke building to stem flooding.
carefully before one acts;
5. for the duration e) very quickly or very effectively E. Salts refers to a laxative, a type of medicine.

6. bite the dust f) a punishment that is as cruel as the F. Dates back to the period when French was regarded the
crime, esp. punishment by death; language of aristocracy.
7. double Dutch g) without a certain or fixed limit; for as G. Part of a military command ordering a soldier to march at twice
long as may be (often used humorously); the usual speed.
8. dyed-in-the-wool h) very neat and tidy; H. From Shakespeare's Coriolanus.

9. hold the dyke i) a dull ordinary child, plan, etc., that I. Originally referring to the duration of World War II, during
against develops into a very interesting and which certain business activities, public services, etc. had to be
successful one. stopped.
10. a white elephant j) to cause much worry, anxiety, or J. Referring to a practice of the kings of Siam when they wished
confusion to certain people, esp. people to get rid of followers who had displeased them. The king would
who hold positions of power and give the follower a white elephant. The animal was so costly to
importance. keep that its owner would be ruined.
11. (tie/clear up the) k) to struggle against something with little K. Referring to men killed in battle who fall to the ground.
loose ends or no chance of success;

12. pardon/forgive my l) to have something to do that is more L. Referring to the dyeing (colouring) of material in textile
French important or profitable; industry.

13. an eye for an eye m) complete, thorough, typical (often M. From the Bible: “And thine eye shall not pity; but life shall go
referring to a characteristic that is for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.”
regarded unfavourable); (Deuteronomy 19:21)
14. (all) shipshape (and n) feelings of bitterness caused by failure to N. Referring to a story about Alexander the Great. It was said that
Bristol-fashion) get what one wants (used to describe a whoever could untie a knot belonging to a king called Gordius
person’s behaviour, when he cannot get would be the ruler of all of Asia. Alexander avoided untying the
what he wants, pretends that the object is difficult knot by simply cutting it with his sword.
of no use or value);
15. rush one’s fences o) (humorous) in a difficult situation; O. Refers to history of warfare.

16. fight a loosing p) a very costly possession that is worthless P. From the Bible: “The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is
battle to its owner and only a cause of trouble; weak.” (Matthew 26:41)

17. have other fish to q) things still to be dealt with or explained; Q. Stems from fish being the intrinsic part of British menu.
fry
18. the spirit is willing r) (of a person) used humorously meaning R. Referring to a horse jumping over fences in a show; if a horse
but the flesh is to die or become ill, or (of a machine) to runs up too quickly to the fences, it gets too close to jump over
weak stop working or being useful. them properly.

19. return to the fold s) a loyal and hard-working servant or S. Refers to the mooring rope in seafaring.
helper;
20. everything in the t) in a condition of readiness, order, or T. Comes from the fine art of horticulture and gardens that the
garden is lovely effective operation English pride themselves with.

21. in gear u) to go or come back to an organisation, U. Originally referring to a ship on which everything is in good
one’s family, a system of principles, etc. order. At one time Bristol was the largest port in Britain.
which one has left or formerly refused.
22. cut the Gordian v) (often humorous) to forgive a person for V. Referring to car’s mode of operation. When you put the car into
knot using offensive language; gear, it is ready to move off.

23. sour grapes w) all is well; there is nothing to complain W. From the character Friday in Daniel Defoe’s book, The
about; Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1719).
24. up a gum tree x) to end a difficulty by using a vigorous or X. Evidently comes from ex-colonies, referring to a hunted animal
violent method, esp. instead of the usual that is trying to escape and has climbed a type of tree covered
method; with a sticky substance; the animal is therefore in danger of being
trapped.
25. a man/girl Friday y) Man has many fine intentions that the Y. Referring to a story by Aesop in which a fox cannot reach the
weakness of his human nature does not fruit that it wants to eat and therefore decides that the fruit is not
allow him to fulfil. ripe.

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2 Fill in the spaces in the sentences below with appropriate idioms from the
chart above. Please, make all markings and notes in the notebooks.
1. He went away with all my clothes packed in his bags, so I was left really ________!
2. Get to my office _________! 3. The new teacher certainly ________ by his
suggestion that the children should choose which lessons they attended. 4. She admits
she loves football and is a ________ Manchester supporter. 5. There are just a few
________ before we go on holiday. 6. He says that my new car is a waste of money, but
that’s just ________. 7. Doctors seem to ________ in trying to find a cure for some
illnesses. 8. If you offer him more money to do the job fast he'll get through that work
________. 9. He threw the empty bottle away, saying "Another bottle of good wine
________". 10. The government is trying to ________ against rising prices. 11. If you
keep calm and don’t ________ I think they will be impressed by your argument. 12.
Everything is ________ for the minister’s visit in October.
Translation Exercises
3 Read the text and translate or explain the words in bold into written
Ukrainian.
The blend is a type of word formation which has become popular in English in the 20 th
century and which now accounts for a significant proportion of new words. A blend is
any word which is formed by fusing together elements from two other words and whose
meaning shares or combines the meanings of the source words. The elements are
normally the beginning of one and the end of the other.
chortle (chuckle + snort); mimsy (flimsy + miserable); anecdotage (anecdote
combined with dotage to suggest a garrulous old age); squirl (a blend of squiggle and
whirl to describe a flourish, as in handwriting); snivelization, coined from snivel and
civilisation as a term for 'civilisation considered derisively as a cause of anxiety or
plaintiveness'.
Prissy (blending prim and sissy), brunch (breakfast taken nearly at lunchtime), first
recorded in 1896; travelogue (travel + monologue), mingy (mean and stingy),
guesstimate (guess + estimate), sexploitation (the exploitation of sex in films) and
which was the model for motorcade, formed as a blend of motor and cavalcade.
A number of blends describe a language which has been heavily influenced by English:
Franglais was an early example (French which has become corrupted by the influx of
English words such as le weekend), Spanglish is Latin American Spanish containing
English expressions like el gasfitter; Japlish is Japanese in which English words such
as salaryman are imported. Other examples are slanguage, a blend of slang and
language.
Many blends have been created in recent years as names for new forms of exercise
regimes, many of them trade names:
Aquarobics, Jazzercise (jazz + exercise), aquacise, dancercise, sexercise, and
slimnastics.
Among sports we have terms like sportsational or swimsational which blend words
with the last element of sensational.
The media, advertising and show business have been responsible for an especially large
crop:
advertorial (an advertisement written as though it were an editorial); docutainment (a
documentary written as entertainment, with variable felicity concerning actual events),
an infomercial is a television commercial in the form of an information announcement;
infotainment is a blend of information and entertainment; a magalogue is a cross
between a magazine and a catalogue; transportainment is leisure transport in a theme
park; disinfotainment is the presentation of misleading information in the guise of
entertainment; eatertainment relates to the fashionable type of restaurant-with-
entertainment. There have been a number of blends based on the long-standing litterati:
the glitterati are glittering show-biz stars; the soccerati are soccer stars and their
celebrity supporters; the digerati are the computing elite leading the information
technology revolution.

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4 The names below have become common nouns in English. Label the names with their
implicit meanings.
Mr Clean ( ), a Philistine ( ), a Jonah ( ), a Jeremiah ( ), a Don Juan ( ), Darby and
Joan ( ), Joe Bloggs ( ), a nosy Parker ( ), a Romeo ( ), a doubting Thomas ( ), a
peeping Tom ( ), every Tom, Dick and Harry ( ); a Scrooge ( ), a Walter Mitty ( ), Mr
Right ( ), a Judas ( ), a Don Quixote ( ), a Jekyll and Hyde ( ), a Florence Nightingale (
), Mr Big ( )
a) a person who has old-fashioned ideas about honour or unpractical plans to perform noble deeds,
help other people, etc.;
b) (often humorous) a typical old married couple, esp. when very happily married;
c) a man who is well known for his love affairs with many women, esp. when he deceives them
d) a person who looks after someone who is ill; a nurse;
e) a person who shows two opposing or completely different natures or tendencies in his character
or actions;
f) a person who says that future will bring misfortune, destruction and evil
g) (humorous, coll.) the ordinary or average person;
h) a person who brings bad luck to the person he is with;
i) a person who is disloyal to another person by revealing him or his secrets to an enemy;

j) the leader of or the most important person in a group, often the person who is in control but
remains unknown;
k) a person who is highly trusted or regarded, esp. in comparison with others who have been shown
to be dishonest;
l) the imagined man who will fulfil all a woman's desires and needs as a husband;
m) a person who habitually attempts to find out about other people's private life;
n) a person whose interests are limited to material or very ordinary matters, and who lacks the
ability to enjoy or understand fully music, literature and similar arts;
o) a young man who is very attractive to women and is noted for his expressions of love;
p) a person who spend as little money as possible and who does not take part in activities that other
people enjoy;
q) a person who needs to see actual proof of something before he will believe it; a person who does
not easily trust anything;
r) everyone and anyone, esp. ordinary people without any special advantages or powers;
s) a man who gets sexual enjoyment from secretly watching women undressing;
t) a person who, in the course of his very ordinary daily life, has dreams of exciting adventures in
which he performs courageous deeds.
5 Insert appropriate names from the previous exercise into the gaps below.
1. The problem for a writer is getting ___________ to buy his books. 2. The police had caught many of
the unimportant criminals, but they were still looking for ___________. 3. The most unrealistic thing
about romantic fiction is that the heroine always marries ___________. 4. As soon as the policeman
had left our house that old ___________ from across the street came round to ask what he wanted. 5.
Several of the country's most respected doctors have stated that smoking cigarettes harms one's health,
but there are still many ___________ who are not yet persuaded. 6. As for qualified guides here, there
is no legislation for giving them a license, so that any ___________ can work as a guide. 7. At school
she lived in a ___________ world of adventure.

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6 Words, like "caret" and "carrot" that are pronounced the same, but are spelled differently and have different meanings
are referred to as homonyms. Below is a list of homonyms taken from "Alan Cooper's Homonym List" at
http://www.cooper.com/alan/homonym_list.html Match the words with their meanings within the homonymous groups.

affect result bight middle of a rope elude to escape from

effect to change bite eight bits illude to deceive
aisle island byte a mouthful epic a noteworthy period in
history
I'll contraction of "I will" boos disparaging sounds from epoch a narrative poem or story
fans
isle walkway booze whiskey incite understanding
aural of the mouth brews a contusion insight to provoke
oral of hearing bruise more than one beer lightening removing weight or
darkness
awed in a state of wonder calendar paper press lightning static electricity from the
sky
odd not usual calender chart of days overdo past time for payment
aweful really bad forego to precede overdue carried to excess
awful filled with awe forgo to abstain from pedal to sell
offal butchered entrails census numbering peddle foot control
band forbidden senses faculties racket illegal moneymaking
scheme
banned a group cent dispatched racquet woven bat for tennis
bard a poet scent one hundredth of a dollar recede to plant again
barred enclosed by poles sent an aroma reseed to move backward
baron unable to bear children cereal grains rote by memory
barren minor royalty serial numbers in sequence wrote has written
fort a fortification cite a location saver to relish a taste
forte a person's strong point sight vision savor one who saves
Barry small fruit site to refer to stationary writing paper
berry a man's name coarse path of travel stationery not moving
bury to take under course rough summary précis
bases what baseball players like complement allotment summery like summer
to steal
basis many four-stringed guitars compliment encomium troop a company of actors
basses principal constituent of elicit unlawful troup a company of soldiers
anything
berth anchorage illicit to draw out wail large oceanic mammal
birth your method of arrival whale a cry

7 Match the idioms with their meanings.

1. bread and circuses sb feels very frightened or shocked; a.

2. in the can a person or thing whose name is known by everyone; b.
3. a shaggy dog story coll. finished, agreed, or decided upon; If a film is in the can, it is made. c.
4. a household name to finish your job, career, or your time of performing in public or playing a d.
sport, by doing something very successful that everyone admires.
5. be rolling in the aisles be laughing a lot and not be able to stop while watching a film, a play, etc. e.
6. not be (exactly) a barrel of mass entertainment produced to amuse the population of a country, esp. to f.
laughs. prevent them from causing trouble;
7. go out in a blaze of glory humorous. someone or something is not very funny or enjoyable. g.
8. sb's blood runs cold a very long joke with a pointless end; h.
i.

8 Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the idioms from the exercise above.

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1. I want to make sure I've got my grant _________ before I accept the place at college. 2. A joke is a
good way to start a meeting – you don't want them to _________, but it creates a good atmosphere. 3.
"What did you think of Huskins' wife?" "Well, she is _________, is she? 4. In a film like this, you just
know the young pilot is going to lead a raid on the bridge, crash his plane, and _________. 5. The very
first scene of "Saving Private Ryan" makes your _____________. 6. Research suggests that men prefer
_________, while women prefer witty comments or anecdotes. 7. The wide spread of Hollywood films
made a number of American actors and actresses _________ across the world.

9 Read a comment on the film "Terminator 2: Judgment Day" and fill in the gapped places with expressions preceding the
comment.

a) simplism of the b) captures the mood c) stomach intensity

screenplay
d) a movie that looks good effortlessly from
e) f) intensity and nail-biting
and grasps our heart scene to scene excitement
g) first and foremost h) In all his wonder and i) Considering its plot and its
marvel message
j) This elevates action to the k) lives up to l) that work perfectly with his
next stage expectations role
m) paucity of the dialogue

"Terminator 2: Judgment Day", the excellent sequel to the original sci-fi thriller, is ultimately the best
movie of its kind, and that's for sure. The outstanding story, the astounding visual effects and
everything as a whole is just perfect. The action scenes still entertain me beyond belief and I can't get
enough of anything in this movie even after watching the movie a hundred times.

Every single important character is extremely well developed. There is no usual (1) _________ and the
(2)
_________. The movie flows (3) _________ while at the same time creating ultimate (4) _________.
James Cameron knows a thing or two about action. The direction, photography, story, and effects are
at the top of their game. The absolutely perfect score (5) _________ of the movie. James Cameron must
be commended for this.

Although the film's story isn't quite as tight or inventive as the original Terminator (there might be a
few plot holes), director James Cameron has crafted an intense, exciting roller coaster ride, filled with
jaw-dropping special effects, breakneck action and a surprisingly effective emotional undercurrent, (6)
_________. Most notable for being one of the first films to seamlessly combine a large amount of
computer graphics with live action. (7) _________, I see this movie as (8) _________, a human story.
The whole premise of this story is the fight for humankind. Humans vs. Machines.

T2 capitalizes on Arnold Schwarzenegger's increased stardom by changing the character from creature
of destruction to lovable protector. (9) _________ Arnold has the looks (10) _________. Arnold
Schwarzenegger may have never won an Oscar, but he was definitely born for the role of the
Terminator. He knows how to act like a machine, and he also knows how to add a small human touch
to the character of the machine. (11) _________. The acting in the movie more than (12) _________. The
nice Terminator, the creepy and evil T-1000 – a relentless, ruthless killing machine, Sarah Connor,
John Connor and others are so memorable and so great.

I was blown out of my seat with the EXTREME, continuously dazzling, (13) _________ special effects,
and chase scenes. This movie certainly provides a lot more than a two-hour adrenaline rush. I would
recommend it to anyone who can (14) _________ and enjoy a sci-fi story.
10 Below is a list of cinematographic terms used in the industry. Match the terminology with appropriate definitions.

1. Acoustics a. Tryout of live voice, recording or other elements prior to final selection for the film.
2. Action b. (a) Music or other sound that is kept below the level of a speaker's voice; (b) scenery or
setting for a scene; (c) the characters or objects appearing farthest from the camera.

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3. Audition c. The movement of the subject within the camera field of view. Also, such movement as
represented on film.
4. Background d. A fairly tight shot of the performer or the subject matter. In small-studio parlance, this
would refer to the head of a performer. An extreme close-up might mean a selected portion
of the face, such as the eyes.
5. Close-up e. Titles of acknowledgement for story, sets, direction, etc.
6. Contingencies f. The study of sound reverberation1 and absorption.
7. Credits g. Unforeseen situations, events, or circumstances that might delay the production
schedule of the picture.
8. Dubbing h. One individual picture on a piece of motion picture film.
9. Editing i. The actual time it takes for the presentation of a given film or show.
10. Frame j. Theatrical abbreviation for "property", meaning any portable article used by
performers in visual presentation.
11. Monochrome k. The general term used to describe the processes involved in making all the original
material that is the basis for the finished motion picture.
12. Narration l. The addition of sound (either music or dialogue) to a visual presentation via a
recording process, which prepares a complete sound track that can be transferred to,
and synchronised with, the visual presentation.
13. Production m. The commentary for a film, spoken by an off-screen voice.
14. Prop n. The process of assembling, arranging, and trimming the desired shots and sound tracks
to best advantage for the purpose at hand.
15. Running time o. Having shades of only one colour. refers to black-and-white pictures.
16. Scenery p. The portion of a length of film reserved for the sound record.
17. Script q. A term used to indicate the number of times a given shot has been made. Takes are
usually numbered sequentially.
18. Set r. Written plan, action, narration and dialogue for an audio-visual presentation.
19. Shot s. A sound recording system with two or more sound tracks or channels, each of which is
fed to an individual speaker.
20. Sound effect t. The specific identifiable group or groups of persons toward which a film is aimed.
21. Sound track u. Motion picture film material obtained from film libraries rather than shot specifically
for a film production.
22. Stereophonic sound v. Scenery or other artificial background for motion picture production.
23. Stock footage w. (a) A single run of the camera; (b) the piece of film resulting from such a run.
24. Take x. A non-musical, non-vocal sound – frequently artificial – that is included in or added to
an audio presentation for dramatic purposes.
25. Target audience y. Curtains, drapes, painted canvasses or other artificial background materials for visual
studio recording.

11 Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with the terms from the previous exercise.

1. We had to do six ________ for this particular scene. 2. The poster featured a few ________ from the film's most graphic
scenes. 3. He failed the ________ for the part of the prince. 4. Then we took photos of the ________, from which we
created a 3-D computer-generated model. 5. The camera focuses on the heroine in ________. 6. Saving Private Ryan was a
co-________ with Paramount. 7. The Dolby Surround has opened a new dimension for ________. 8. We need more
________, and less talk. 9. The film incorporates a good deal of ________ ________ to give it more historic veracity. 10.
The plan envisaged all possible ________ that could disrupt the schedule. 11. Galton and Simpson wrote some excellent
comedy ________. 12. In the ________ there were waiters hovering over the tables. 13. The film ends with a Celine Dion
song over the end ________. 14. The hall has excellent ________.

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физ. отражение
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12 Match the idioms that follow with their interpretations.
1. (all) in a fog spoil one's record; behave in such a way as to make people change
a)
their good opinion of one;
2. ancient history b) coll. a command to stop doing something, esp. to stop behaving in an
annoying way or stop talking foolishly2;
3. blackboard jungle c) to become familiar with or learn the details of a subject before talking
to someone or writing about it;
4. blot one's copybook d) a story that is so foolish or stupid that it is unlikely to be believed;
5. cannot hold the candle to e) a very clear example, e.g. of how to do something, which others
smb. should learn from or take as a warning;
6. cock-and-bull story f) a school where the pupils are regarded as violent or uncontrollable;
7. cover a lot of ground g) coll. about to be scolded, esp. by one's employer or someone of higher
rank;
8. cut it out h) to be not nearly so good as (someone);
9. do one's homework i) something well known;
10. go over old ground j) coll. not to have much time to do something;
11. on the carpet k) to show great eagerness (to do something or to be free from rules or
limits); be impatient;
12. keep/hold in check l) coll. to do as well as is expected; succeed;
13. make the grade m) feeling confused or unsure of what one is doing;
14. not have all day n) coll. without pausing in one's speech;
15. object lesson o) coll. used to suggest that a person is an extreme example of the kind
described, holding very strong opinions or having very fixed habits;
16. parrot fashion p) to control or hold back a person, one's feelings, etc., esp. not allow
(someone or oneself) to become too excited or active;
17. pull oneself up by one's q) to become successful through one's own efforts, without help from
own bootstraps other people and in spite of the disadvantages;
18. straight off the reel r) repeating certain words or ideas without really understanding their
meaning;
19. strain at the leash s) to deal with material that is already familiar to the listeners or readers;
20. the child is father of the t) (esp. of a teacher or lesson, a writer or report) to deal with many
man different subjects or to deal with one subject very thoroughly;
21. with a capital T/S/P u) the character of a fully grown person is the product of childhood
influences;
13 Fill in the spaces with relevant idiomatic expressions from the exercise above.
1. When the teacher came into the room, he said, "________! Stop the talking and get on with your work!" 2.
Nobody ________ her as far as languages are concerned. 3. This Grammar book ________; any student can use
it as a good reference. 4. The TV presenter should have ________ before asking the studio guest questions. 5.
The way he handled this situation provided an ________ in how to deal with angered visitors. 6. The teacher
told the children to get ready quickly. "We ________, you know", she said. 7. Many of the singers can't speak
Italian and have to learn the words ________. 8. He is a teacher ________ T. 9. He is such a bad teacher that the
children are completely ________ about their schoolwork. 10. We have all heard about your accident – it's
________. 11. He was the teacher's favourite pupil until he ________ by failing all his examinations. 12. The
noisy children had to be ________ by their teachers as they went past the library. 13. He gave me the
information I asked for ________. 14. The teacher warned the boy that if she heard any more of his ________
he would be severely punished. 15. My teacher told me not to worry about missing his first three lessons since
he would only be ________. 16. His boss had him ________ for arriving late at work. 17. Any girl can apply to
join a six-week course – and those who ________ will be issued diplomas. 18. Look at the recently elected
leader – a lady who has ________. 19. The teacher realised that the boy disliked school and was ________ to
join his older brothers and earn his own money.

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This phrase may be considered impolite and should not be used in formal situations.
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14 Study the synonyms and fill in the gaps in the sentences below.
a) to teach someone a skill or how to do something
teach, train, coach, instruct
1. You should be _______ in how to use computer technology.
2. Sheila has a natural sporting talent. I don’t really need to ______ her.
3. The school runs courses for bank staff aimed at ________ them how to interview clients.
4. Children as young as eight are ________ to use tools.

b) to teach people that they should think or behave in a particular way.

educate, bring sb up to do sth, brainwash, indoctrinate.
1. The authorities worried that foreign teachers might ____________ their students.
2. What we are trying to do is to ________ young people to be responsible citizens.
3. For years we’ve been ________ by advertising into buying more and more needless things.
4. Children are often ______________ to tell the truth in all circumstances.

c) describing children and young people who are intelligent.

bright, prodigy, precocious, whizzkid.
1. They’ve got some ________ who’s already won National Geography Prize.
2. When I first met him he was a _________ young lawyer fresh out of law school.
3. A _________ child may appear to be cheeky, when having an intelligent conversation with an adult.
4. A 13-year-old child _________ has been awarded a mathematics degree at Polytechnic University.

d) to pass a test or examination.

scrape through, sail through, qualify, get through
1. The entrance exam is very difficult and only a small proportion of candidates _________.
2. It’ll be a miracle if he ________ his examinations.
3. He hopes to _______ as a lawyer and then return to his home country.
4. She ________ her driving test with flying colours.

e) to help someone in something they are trying to achieve, by giving advice, support and confidence.

encourage, be supportive, spur sb on, give sth a boost

1. Smaller class-sizes are sure to _________ to literacy.
2. I would never have won the competition if my family and teachers hadn’t all _______ me on.
3. Our teacher was always _________ of everything we came forward with.
4. It was Dr. Sanders more than anyone who __________ the young scientist in his work.
15 Match the proverbs with their meaning.

I. Discontent is the first step in (a) Whatever your age, you can still increase your knowledge.
progress.
II. Tell tales out of school. (b) All brilliant ideas are useless without an aptitude for had work.
III. Experience is the mother of (c) People with little knowledge are often unaware of their ignorance and
wisdom. are easily misled.
IV. He that would eat the kernel (d) If a person is dissatisfied with something, he will take pains to change
must crack the nut. it.
V. A Jack of all trades and (e) People learn by their own mistakes.
master of none.
VI. Learn to walk before you (f) A person cannot expect to get anything without working for it.
run.
VII. Ninety percent of (g) Make public something that should be kept private.
inspiration is perspiration.
VIII. One is never too old to (h) To get on in the world, a person should concentrate on one thing and
learn. learn to do it well.
IX. A little learning is a (i) Knowledge cannot be acquired all at once. It must be gained step by
dangerous thing. step.
16 Translate and match the words on the left with their descriptions on the right.
1. after-dinner, after-hours, after- Nouns referring to one thing that happens as a result of another. a.
lunch, after-school, after-work

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2. after-care, after-effects, Adjectives expressing the idea that the thing referred to by the original b.
aftertaste, after-smell noun is the most important part or feature of something.
3. all-female, all-wood Adjectives describing something that happens after a particular activity c.
or event, which is specified in the adjective.
4. all-age, all-weather, all-purpose Adjectives describing something that is suitable for or includes every d.
type of a particular thing.
5. all-consuming, all-embracing, Words describing actions or activities that oppose another action or e.
all-seeing activity.
6. arch-liar, arch-rogue, arch-rebel Nouns referring to people who are extreme representatives of whatever f.
the original refers to.
7. class-based, computer-based, Adjectives describing something that consists entirely of the thing g.
protein-based referred to by the noun.
8. home-based, campus-based, Adjectives describing something as having a large amount of the quality h.
school-based or characteristic described by the original adjective.
9. housebound, tradition-bound, Adjectives describing something as being outside, beyond, or different i.
wheelchair-bound, desk-bound from what was described by the original adjective.
10. paper-bound, cardboard-bound Adjectives describing something that includes or affects everyone or j.
everything.
11. age-conscious, cost-conscious, Adjectives describing something as being positioned or existing mainly k.
diet-conscious, image-conscious, in a particular place, or as being organised from that place.
safety-conscious
12. counterplan, counter-offer, Adjectives describing someone or something that has performed a l.
counter-offensive, counter- particular action, or that has a particular quality, to the greatest extent
measures possible.
13. cross-border, cross-country Adjectives describing something or someone as moving or behaving m.
without the restrictions or controls that you might normally expect.
14. ever-changing, ever-present, Adjectives describing something which does not have the thing n.
ever-available, everlasting mentioned.
15. extra-bright, extra-special, extra- Adjectives describing someone who considers a particular aspect of their o.
small life or situation to be important, often when other people do not seem to
notice it or to be interested in it.
16. extra-curricular, extra-terrestrial Adjectives indicating the sort of covering for books. p.
17. free-thinking, free-moving, free- Adjectives describing someone or something as being restricted or q.
flowing limited by the thing referred to by the original noun.
18. crime-free, meat-free, stress- Words describing something which occupies or includes the whole of the r.
free, smoke-free thing referred to by the original noun.
19. full-scale, full-grown, full- Adjectives describing something that continuously performs the action s.
volume, full-blast, full-force mentioned, or that always has the characteristic mentioned.
20. full-colour, full-size, full-time Adjectives describing something that moves across the place or area t.
mentioned.
17 Fill in the gaps with words from the previous exercise.
1. The course catered for _____________ student audience. 2. Many _____________ university programmes have
duplicates for computer-based distant education. 3. He went over to his bookshelf and picked out a small, _____________
book. 4. For a week he has been training for the _____________ run. 5. Tina's career in show business made her extremely
_____________. 6. Forrest Gump's son was born to be a most beautiful and _____________ child.
7. Her _____________ passions were pets and plants. 8. The boy was an _____________ at school and a most caring son
at home. 9. Many students benefit greatly from involvement in _____________ activities. 10. Younger pupils are to be
under the supervision of their teachers to ensure _____________ studies and play at recess. 11. In a few years today's
children will be _____________ adults in mind and body. 12. Kimonos are very popular with the Japanese as they are both
modest and _____________. 13. The new _____________ textbooks aroused a lot more interest in the subject. 14.
The school hired an _____________teaching staff. 15. _____________ play centres are valuable for all children. 16. The
_____________ of elderly patients leaves a great deal to be desired. 17. The students organised an amateur _____________
theatre. 18. The _____________ students know little about the real world of business. 19. Unless specific _____________
are taken, unemployment will continue to rise. 20. The _____________ feeling of being behind with work put him on a
short fuse.

18 Below are two descriptions of different cultural movements. The texts have been
gapped for the purpose of exercise. Replace the relevant words into their original places.
orthodox, accomplished, fleeting, ensuing, championed, representation, subdued,
precursors, brushwork, rendering, depictions, accustomed, hostile, acceptance,
doctrinaire, retained

9
The direct ____________ of impressionism were the English landscape painters Constable and
Turner. When Monet and Pissarro first saw the work of these men, in 1871, they were particularly
impressed by Turner's ____________ of atmosphere and his ____________ of the diffusing effects of
light on solid objects.
Edouard Manet showed that subtle ____________ of light can be ____________ as well by the
juxtaposition of bright, contrasting colours as by shadings of intermediary tones. Notable French
contemporaries who ____________ the impressionists included such literary figures as Emile Zola,
Charles Baudelaire and many others. Long ____________ to the conventional academic style, the
press and public were ____________ to the new style. During ____________ years, however,
impressionism gradually won ____________.

Monet alone was ____________ in applying what had become impressionist theory. He painted many
series of studies—the cathedral of Rouen, haystacks, a lily pond, and poplars—each study painted at
different times of the day and in different seasons. Pissarro used a ____________ palette and
concentrated equally on the effects of light and on the structure of forms. Sisley, although greatly
influenced by Monet, ____________ his own delicacy of style. Degas, who was not an ____________
impressionist, caught the ____________ moment, especially in ballet and horse-racing scenes. Renoir
preferred to paint the female form rather than pure landscapes. Morisot's subtly painted landscapes
gained strength from ____________ rather than colour.
II
suggestions, renowned, catalyst, originated, underlie, interchangeably,
expressiveness, discarded, latent, charged, dubbed
Symbolist Movement ____________ in France in the late 19th century. In literature, it encouraged
writers to express their ideas, feelings, and values by means of symbols or ____________ rather than
by direct statements. Symbolist writers ____________ rigid rules of versification and the stereotyped
poetic images of their predecessors. Symbolist visual arts refer to the use of certain pictorial
conventions (pose, gesture, or a repertoire of attributes) to express a ____________ allegorical
meaning in a work of art. Symbolism served as a ____________ in the development away from
representation in art and toward abstraction. Inspiration was found initially in the work of the French
painters Puvis de Chavannes, Moreau, and Redon, who used brilliant colours and exaggerated
____________ of line to represent emotionally ____________ dream visions, inspired by literary,
religious, or mythological subjects. Their followers included the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh,
____________ for his use of color to express emotions, and the French painters Paul Gauguin and
Emile Bernard. This style they ____________ synthetist, or symbolist (using the two terms
____________), in opposition to the analytic approach of impressionism. Symbolism, with its concern
for the subjective, allusive employment of colour and form, can be seen to ____________ successive
later 20th-century art styles.

10
19 Study the synonyms and fill in the gaps in the sentences below.
a) sketch, trace, draw, scribble, doodle
1. The children were ________ pictures of flowers from life.
2. She toured The Czech Republic, visiting and ________ castles.
3. He always ________ on his notepad when attending meetings.
4. Janet can't draw a real picture yet but she enjoys ________ with crayons.
5. The children ________ the map of the country and then wrote in the names of the places they had
visited.
b) sketch, illustration, drawing, painting, study, picture
6. Van Gogh's 'Sunflowers' is one of the most famous ________ in the world.
7. The museum has an impressive collection of early 20th century Polish ________.
8. On the wall was a ________ of a woman's head by Renoir.
9. That isn't the finished picture - it's just a rough ________.
10. The new encyclopaedia is full of colour ________ and photographs.
11. Renoir did several ________ of small plants and flowers.
c) snap, mug shot, shot, photo/picture, photograph
12. Ansel Adams' ________ of the American wilderness are now worth a fortune.
13. Did you take any good ________ while you were in Prague?
14. The cortege went past so quickly that she only had time to take a couple of ________.
15. The police showed me some ________ and I had to say if any of them looked like the man who
assaulted me.
16. I've got some ________ of my family, if you care to see them.
d) landscape, caricature, portrait, cartoon
17. The artist Hans Holbein was best known for painting ________.
18. Constable is probably England's most famous ________ artist.
19. The ________ shows a group of elephants trying to get into a phone-box.
20. We had our ________ drawn by a street artist while we were on vacation at the seaside.
21. Below are two descriptions of different cultural movements. The texts have been gapped
for the purpose of exercise. Return the relevant words in their original places.

11
20 Study the words and fill in the gaps in the sentences below.
planes, arranged, height, dictum, revolt, analytical, inspiration, passing, lifelike,
solids, emphasis
Cubism, a movement in modern art, especially painting, that was primarily concerned with abstract
forms rather than __________ representation. It began in Paris about 1908, reached its __________ by
1914, and developed further in the 1920s. Cubism was a __________ against the sentimental and
realistic traditional painting of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and against the __________ on
light and colour effects and the lack of form characteristic of impressionism. It drew __________ from
tribal art, especially that of Africa and Oceania.

The doctrines of the cubist school follow the __________ of the French postimpressionist Paul
Cezanne, “Everything in nature takes its form from the sphere, the cone, and the cylinder.” The most
common type of cubism is an abstract and __________ approach to a subject, in which the artist
determines and paints the basic geometric __________ of which the subject is composed, in particular
the cube or cone, or the basic __________ that reveal the underlying geometric forms.

In another type of cubist painting (synthetic cubism), views of an object from different angles, not
simultaneously visible in life, are __________ into a unified composition. In neither type of cubism is
there any attempt to reproduce in detail the appearance of natural objects. Cubism is important in the
history of Western art as a revolutionary, __________ style that marked the beginning of abstract and
nonobjective art.

II
nonfigurative, adhere, diverse, tendencies, spontaneity, embraced, saturated, prime,
assertion, unified, quintessential
Abstract Expressionism, movement in mid-20th-century painting that was primarily concerned with
the spontaneous __________ of the individual through the act of painting. The movement contains a
variety of styles and is characterized more by the concepts behind the art than by a specific look.
Generally, abstract expressionist art is without recognizable images and does not __________ to the
limits of conventional form.
The roots of abstract expressionism are in the totally __________ work of the Russian-born painter
Wassily Kandinsky and that of the surrealists, who deliberately used the subconscious and
__________ in creative activity.

The abstract expressionist movement centred in New York City. Although the styles __________
within abstract expressionism were as __________ as the styles of the painters themselves, two major
__________ were noted in the movement. Action painters were concerned with paint texture and
consistency and the gestures of the artist, while colour field painters gave their works impact by using
__________ colour and shape. Jackson Pollock was the __________ action painter. Mark Rothko
created pulsating rectangles of __________ colour in his works; many of these works are __________
examples of colour-field painting.

21 Look at the pictures below and label them as to the art categories they belong to. Make use of the classification
suggested by Artbank Gallery, http://www.artbank.com

12
abstract painting, animals in art, figurative artwork, landscape/cityscape, prints, naïve, still life, surreal, or outsider
art & imagination

22 Share with the class, which pictures you respond to and which leave you cold. Support your choice with the
impression that they project on you.

23 Fill in the spaces in the sentences with appropriate idioms, containing a word related to arts.

paint in glowing colours, paint in true colours, the state of the art, get the picture, of the old school, have (got) sth.
down to a fine art, put sb. in the picture, make an exhibition of oneself, paint the town red

1. She can get money out of her father whenever she likes: she ___________________ (has learned to do it perfectly).
2. What's ___________________? – Well, we have done everything you told us to do, and we are waiting now for your
new instructions (the position or state reached in the course of the activity).
3. The writer __________ the simple country life ___________________and is clearly against living in a city (describes
in a way that suggests it is worthy of praise, very pleasant).
4. The situation was catastrophic and the shareholders required ___________ things ________________ (describing
correctly).
5. They heard this morning that they had passed their examinations, so they've gone out ___________________ (to have
a very enjoyable time, in a lively and noisy manner).
6. You people only see what's happening on your own sector. You can't possibly ___________________ (understand the
entire situation).
7. "I'd better ___________________," he said. "Briefly, it is this. …" (fully inform you about the facts of the situation)
8. He is really a very clever man, but because he ___________________ at parties nobody can believe that he's serious
(behaves in public in a loud or foolish manner, in a manner that attracts scorn).
9. Doctors ___________________ could talk to you about your hobbies or else, not like these nowadays – concerned
only with treating as many people as possible in the shortest possible time (belonging to a group that is characterised
by its use of old customs, manners or behaviour).

13
24 Below are some proverbs and their explanations. The explanations have been jumbled. Match the former with the
latter by attaching the relevant letter in the aligned boxes. Then share your opinion if these proverbs can apply to art.

1. Art is long, life is a. High-quality goods need no advertising because

short. people soon get to know about them.
b. However depressed we may be some shape of
2. Beauty is in the eye beauty moves away the pall from our dark
of the beholder. spirits. The beautiful object may perish but the
joy of it lasts as long as the memory does.
3. Everyone to his c. We should acknowledge the good points of even
taste. those we dislike or disapprove of.
4. Give credit where d. Even the latest novelty is only something
credit is due. revived.
5. Good wine needs no e. We all have our likes and dislikes.
bush.
6. He who would climb f. Merit is often obscured by worthlessness. Also,
the ladder must you have to put up with the worthless while
begin at the bottom. hoping to find a real value.
7. Hitch your wagon to g. There is so much art to learn and so little time to
a star. learn it in.
h. Beauty does not exist by itself; it exists only in
8. It is easier to pull the consciousness of those who see it. If
down than to build. anything delights the sight of one person, then it
is beautiful to him.
9. Ninety per cent of i. A sole individual is a reflection of his species.
inspiration is Trying to understand one will draw you nearer
perspiration. to understanding all.
10. Other times, other j. Enthusiasm must be backed up with knowledge
manners. and experience. Mere zeal will yield little fruit.
11. The proper study k. It is easier to criticise than to create or make
of mankind is man. constructive suggestions.
l. Although inspiration supplies the ideas, these
12. There is no wheat have to be put into words or pieces of music or
without chaff. fine arts. Inspiration is useless without an
aptitude for hard work.
13. There is nothing m. Have high ideals. Make it your aim to rise above
new under the sun. worldly things.
14. A thing of beauty n. Each succeeding generation has its own way of
is a joy forever. life, tastes and standard of behaviour.
15. Zeal without o. There are no short cuts in rising in the world or
knowledge is a attaining mastery. The ascent is not rapid but in
runaway horse. stages, like rung by rung.

14
25 English is an idiomatic language; hence it is charged with people's history, culture, routines of their occupations and
attitudes. It is culturally biased. Read the idioms below and match them with their meanings and etymology.
26. AT THE DOUBLE as quickly as possible, immediately Part of a military command ordering a soldier to march at
twice the usual speed.
27. like a dose of salts very quickly or very effectively Salts refers to a laxative3, a type of medicine.
28. flutter the to cause much worry, anxiety, or From Shakespeare's Coriolanus.
dovecotes confusion to certain people, esp. people
who hold positions of power and
importance.
29. an ugly duckling a dull ordinary child, plan, etc., that From a story by Hans Christian Andersen.
develops into a very interesting and
successful one.
30. for the duration without a certain or fixed limit; for as Originally referring to the duration of World War II,
long as may be (often used humorously); during which certain business activities, public services,
etc., had to be stopped.
31. bite the dust (of a person) used humorously meaning Referring to men killed in battle who fall to the ground.
to die or become ill, or (of a machine) to
stop working or being useful.
32. double Dutch speech, words, etc., that cannot be Referring to the fact that Dutch is a language that sounds
understood; very difficult to people who are not native speakers.
33. dyed-in-the-wool complete, thorough, typical (often Referring to the dyeing (colouring) of material in textile
referring to a characteristic that is industry.
regarded unfavourable);
34. hold the dyke defend what one believes to be good, true, Referring to the business of dyke building to stem
against etc. against changes that threaten to flooding.
destroy it;
35. a white elephant a very costly possession that is worthless Referring to a practice of the kings of Siam when they
to its owner and only a cause of trouble; wished to get rid of followers who had displeased them.
The king would give the follower a white elephant. The
animal was so costly to keep that its owner would be
ruined.
36. (tie/clear up the) things still to be dealt with or explained; Refers to the mooring rope in seafaring.
loose ends
37. pardon/forgive my (often humorous) to forgive a person for Dates back to the period when French was regarded the
French using offensive language; language of aristocracy.
38. an eye for an eye a punishment that is as cruel as the crime, From the Bible: “And thine eye shall not pity; but life
esp. punishment by death; shall go for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for
hand, foot for foot.” (Deuteronomy 19:21)
39. (all) shipshape and very neat and tidy; Originally referring to a ship on which everything is in
Bristol-fashion good order. At one time Bristol was the largest port in
Britain.
40. rush one’s fences to act hurriedly, esp. without thinking Referring to a horse jumping over fences in a show; if a
carefully before one acts; horse runs up too quickly to the fences, it gets too close
to jump over them properly.
41. fight a loosing to struggle against something with little Refers to history of warfare.
battle or no chance of success;
42. have other fish to to have something to do that is more Stems from fish being the intrinsic part of British menu.
fry important or profitable;
43. the spirit is willing Man has many fine intentions that the From the Bible: “The spirit indeed is willing, but the
but the flesh is weakness of his human nature does not flesh is weak.” (Matthew 26:41)
weak allow him to fulfil.
44. return to the fold to go or come back to an organisation, Referring to sheep breeding, specifically a sheep
one’s family, a system of principles, etc. returning to its pen or enclosure and to the other sheep in
which one has left or formerly refused. the pen.
45. everything in the all is well; there is nothing to complain Comes from the fine art of horticulture and gardens that
garden is lovely about; the English pride themselves with.
46. in gear in a condition of readiness, order, or Referring to car’s mode of operation. When you put the
effective operation car into gear, it is ready to move off.
47. cut the Gordian to end a difficulty by using a vigorous or Referring to a story about Alexander the Great. It was
knot violent method, esp. instead of the usual said that whoever could untie a knot belonging to a king
method; called Gordius would be the ruler of all of Asia.
Alexander avoided untying the difficult knot by simply
cutting it with his sword.

3
слабительное средство
15
48. sour grapes feelings of bitterness caused by failure to Referring to a story by Aesop in which a fox cannot
get what one wants (used to describe a reach the fruit that it wants to eat and therefore decides
person’s behaviour, when he cannot get that the fruit is not ripe.
what he wants, pretends that the object is
of no use or value);
49. up a gum tree (humorous) in a difficult situation; Evidently comes from ex-colonies, referring to a hunted
animal that is trying to escape and has climbed a type of
tree covered with a sticky substance; the animal is
therefore in danger of being trapped.
50. a man/girl Friday a loyal and hard-working servant or From the character Friday in Daniel Defoe’s book, The
helper; Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1719).

26 Fill in the spaces in the sentences below with appropriate idioms from the chart above.

1. He went away with all my clothes packed in his bags, so I was left really up a gum tree! 2. Get to my office at the double! 3. The
new teacher certainly fluttered the dovecotes by his suggestion that the children should choose which lessons they attended. 4. She
admits she loves football and is a dyed-in-the-wool Manchester supporter. 5. There are just a few loose ends to be cleared up before we
go on holiday. 6. He says that my new car is a waste of money, but that’s just sour grapes. 7. Doctors seem to be fighting a loosing
battle in trying to find a cure for some illnesses. 8. If you offer him more money to do the job fast he'll get through that work like a dose
of salts. 9. He threw the empty bottle away, saying "Another bottle of good wine bites the dust". 10. The government is trying to hold
the dyke against rising prices. 11. If you keep calm and don’t rush your fences I think they will be impressed by your argument. 12.
Everything is in gear for the minister’s visit in October.

27 The names below have become common nouns in English. Match the names with the implications they convey.

a Don Quixote u) a person who has old-fashioned ideas about honour or unpractical plans to perform noble
deeds, help other people, etc.;
Darby and Joan v) (often humorous) a typical old married couple, esp. when very happily married;
a Don Juan w) a man who is well known for his love affairs with many women, esp. when he deceives them
a Florence Nightingale x) a person who looks after someone who is ill; a nurse;
a Jekyll and Hyde y) a person who shows two opposing or completely different natures or tendencies in his character
or actions;
a Jeremiah z) a person who says that future will bring misfortune, destruction and evil
Joe Bloggs aa) (humorous, coll.) the ordinary or average person;
a Jonah bb) a person who brings bad luck to the person he is with;
a Judas cc) a person who is disloyal to another person by revealing him or his secrets to an enemy;
Mr Big dd) the leader of or the most important person in a group, often the person who is in control but
remains unknown;
Mr Clean ee) a person who is highly trusted or regarded, esp. in comparison with others who have been
shown to be dishonest;
Mr Right ff) the imagined man who will fulfil all a woman's desires and needs as a husband;
a nosy Parker gg) a person who habitually attempts to find out about other people's private life;
a Philistine hh) a person whose interests are limited to material or very ordinary matters, and who lacks the
ability to enjoy or understand fully music, literature and similar arts;
a Romeo ii) a young man who is very attractive to women and is noted for his expressions of love;
a Scrooge jj) a person who spend as little money as possible and who does not take part in activities that
other people enjoy;
a doubting Thomas kk) a person who needs to see actual proof of something before he will believe it; a person who
does not easily trust anything;
every Tom, Dick and Harry ll) everyone and anyone, esp. ordinary people without any special advantages or powers;
a peeping Tom mm) a man who gets sexual enjoyment from secretly watching women undressing;
a Walter Mitty nn) a person who, in the course of his very ordinary daily life, has dreams of exciting adventures in
which he performs courageous deeds.
oo)

16
affect to change bight middle of a rope elude to escape from
effect result bite a mouthful illude to deceive
aisle walkway byte eight bits epic a narrative poem
or story
I'll contraction of "I boos disparaging sounds epoch a noteworthy
will" from fans period in history
isle island booze whiskey incite to provoke
aural of hearing brews more than one beer insight understanding
oral of the mouth bruise a contusion lightening removing weight
or darkness
awed in a state of wonder calendar chart of days lightning static electricity
from the sky
odd not usual calender paper press overdo carried to excess
aweful filled with awe forego to precede overdue past time for
payment
awful really bad forgo to abstain from pedal foot control
offal butchered entrails census numbering peddle to sell
band a group senses faculties racket illegal
moneymaking
scheme
banned forbidden cent one hundredth of a racquet woven bat for
dollar tennis
bard a poet scent an aroma recede to move
backward
barred enclosed by poles sent dispatched reseed to plant again
baron minor royalty cereal grains rote by memory
barren unable to bear serial numbers in wrote has written
children sequence
fort a fortification cite to refer to saver one who saves
forte a person's strong sight vision savor to relish a taste
point
Barry a man's name site a location stationary not moving
berry small fruit coarse rough stationery writing paper
bury to take under course path of travel summary précis
bases what baseball complem allotment summery like summer
players like to steal ent
basis principal constituent complim encomium troop a company of
of anything ent soldiers
basses many four-stringed elicit to draw out troup a company of
guitars actors
berth anchorage illicit unlawful wail a cry
birth your method of whale large oceanic
arrival mammal

17
28 Match the idioms with their meanings.
9. bread and circuses mass entertainment produced to amuse the population of a country, esp. to prevent j.
them from casing trouble;
10. in the can coll. finished, agreed, or decided upon; If a film is in the can, it is made. k.
11. a shaggy dog story a very long joke with a pointless end; l.
12. a household name a person or thing whose name is known by everyone; m.
13. be rolling in the aisles be laughing a lot and not be able to stop while watching a film, a play, etc. n.
14. not be (exactly) a barrel of humorous. someone or something is not very funny or enjoyable. o.
laughs.
15. go out in a blaze of glory to finish your job, career, or your time of performing in public or playing a sport, p.
by doing something very successful that everyone admires.
16. sb's blood runs cold sb feels very frightened or shocked; q.

29 Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the idioms from the exercise above.
1. I want to make sure I've got my grant in the can before I accept the place at college. 2. A joke is a good way to start a meeting – you
don't want them to be rolling in the aisles, but it creates a good atmosphere. 3. "What did you thing of Huskins' wife?" "Well, she is not
really a barrel of laughs, is she? 4. In a film like this, you just know the young pilot is going to lead a raid on the bridge, crash his plane,
and go out in a blaze of glory. 5. The very first scene of "Saving Private Ryan" makes your blood run cold. 6. Research suggests that men
prefer shaggy dog stories, while women prefer witty comments or anecdotes. 7. The wide spread of Hollywood films made a number of
American actors and actresses household names across the world.

30 Read a comment on the film "Terminator 2: Judgment Day" and fill in the gapped places with expressions
proceeding the comment.

"Terminator 2: Judgment Day", the excellent sequel to the original sci-fi thriller, is the ultimately the best movie of its kind, and that's for
sure. The outstanding story, the astounding visual effects and everything as a whole is just perfect.
The action scenes still entertain me beyond belief and I can't get enough of anything in this movie even after watching the movie a
hundred times.

Every single important character is extremely well-developed. There is no usual paucity of the dialogue and the simplism of the
screenplay. The movie flows effortlessly from scene to scene while at the same time creating ultimate intensity and nail-biting
excitement. James Cameron knows a thing or two about action. The direction, photography, story, and effects are at the top of their
game. The absolutely perfect score captures the mood of the movie.
James Cameron must be commended for this.

Although the film's story isn't quite as tight or inventive as the original Terminator, there might be a few plot holes, director James
Cameron has crafted an intense, exciting rollercoaster ride, filled with jaw-dropping special effects, breakneck action and a surprisingly
effective emotional undercurrent, a movie that looks good and grasps our heart. Most notable for being one of the first films to
seamlessly combine a large amount of computer graphics with live action. Considering its plot and its message, I see this movie as first
and foremost, a human story. The whole premise of this story is the fight for humankind. Humans vs. Machines.
18
T2 capitalizes on Arnold Schwarzenegger's increased stardom by changing the character from creature of destruction to lovable
protector. in all its wonder and marvel Arnold has the looks that work perfectly with his role. Arnold Schwarzenegger may have
never won an Oscar, but he was definitely born for the role of the Terminator. He knows how to act like a machine, and he also knows
how to add a small human touch to the character of the machine. This elevates action to the next stage. The acting in the movie more
than lives up to expectations. The nice Terminator, the creepy and evil T-1000 – a relentless, ruthless killing machine, Sarah Connor,
John Connor and others are so memorable and so great.

I was blown out of my seat with the EXTREME, continuously dazzling, eye-candy special effects, and chase scenes. This movie
certainly provides a lot more than a two-hour adrenaline rush. I would recommend it to anyone who can stomach intensity and enjoy a
sci-fi story. .

Below is a list of cinematographic terms used in the industry. Match the terminology with appropriate definitions.
Acoustics The study of sound reverberation4 and absorption.
Action The movement of the subject within the camera field of view. Also, such movement as represented on
film.
Audition Tryout of live voice, recording or other elements prior to final selection for the film.
Background (a) Music or other sound that is kept below the level of a speaker's voice; (b) scenery or setting for a
scene; (c) the characters or objects appearing farthest from the camera.
close-up A fairly tight shot of the performer or the subject matter. In small-studio parlance, this would refer to the
head of a performer. An extreme close-up might mean a selected portion of the face, such as the eyes.
Contingencies Unforeseen situations, events, or circumstances that might delay the production schedule of the picture.
Credits Titles of acknowledgement for story, sets, direction, etc.
Dubbing The addition of sound (either music or dialogue) to a visual presentation via a recording process, which
prepares a complete sound track that can be transferred to, and synchronised with, the visual presentation.
Editing The process of assembling, arranging, and trimming the desired shots and sound tracks to best advantage
for the purpose at hand.
Frame One individual picture on a piece of motion picture film.
Monochrome Having shades of only one colour. refers to black-and-white pictures.
Narration The commentary for a film, spoken by an off-screen voice.
Production The general term used to describe the processes involved in making all the original material that is the
basis for the finished motion picture.
Prop Theatrical abbreviation for "property", meaning any portable article used by performers in visual
presentation.
Running time The actual time it takes for the presentation of a given film or show.
Scenery Curtains, drapes, painted canvasses or other artificial background materials for visual studio recording.
Script Written plan, action, narration and dialogue for an audio-visual presentation.
Set Scenery or other artificial background for motion picture production.
Shot (a) A single run of the camera; (b) the piece of film resulting from such a run.
Sound effect A non-musical, non-vocal sound – frequently artificial – that is included in or added to an audio
presentation for dramatic purposes.
Sound track The portion of a length of film reserved for the sound record.
Stereophonic sound A sound recording system with two or more sound tracks or channels, each of which is fed to an
individual speaker.
Stock footage Motion picture film material obtained from film libraries rather than shot specifically for a film
production.
Take A term used to indicate the number of times a given shot has been made. Takes are usually numbered
sequentially.
Target audience The specific identifiable group or groups of persons toward which a film is aimed.

31 Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with the terms from the previous exercise.
1. The hall has excellent acoustics. 2. We need more action, and less talk. 3. He failed the audition for the part of the prince. 4. In the
background there were waiters hovering over the tables. 5. The camera focuses on the heroine in close-up. 6. The plan envisaged all
possible contingencies that could disrupt the schedule. 7. The film ends with a Celine Dion song over the end credits. 8. The poster
featured a few frames from the film's most graphic scenes. 9. The film incorporates a good deal of monochrome stock footage to give it
more historic veracity. 10. Saving Private Ryan was a co-production with Paramount. 11. Galton and Simpson wrote some excellent
comedy scripts. 12. Then we took photos of the set, from which we created a 3-D computer model. The entire set is computer-generated.
13. The Dolby Surround has opened a new dimension for sound effects. 14. We had to do six takes for this particular scene.

32 Match the idioms that follow with their interpretations.

22. (all) in a fog M) FEELING CONFUSED OR UNSURE OF WHAT ONE IS DOING;

23. ancient history i) something well known;
24. blackboard jungle f) a school where the pupils are regarded as violent or uncontrollable;
25. blot one's copybook a) spoil one's record; behave in such a way as to make people change their good opinion of
one;

4
физ. отражение
19
26. cannot hold the candle to smb. h) to be not nearly so good as (someone);
27. cock-and-bull story d) a story that is so foolish or stupid that it is unlikely to be believed;
28. cover a lot of ground5 t) (esp. of a teacher or lesson, a writer or report) to deal with many different subjects or to
deal with one subject very thoroughly;
29. cut it out b) coll. (a command to stop doing something, esp. to stop behaving in an annoying way or
stop talking foolishly6;
30. do one's homework c) to become familiar with or learn the details of a subject before talking to someone or
writing about it;
31. go over old ground s) to deal with material that is already familiar to the listeners or readers;
32. on the carpet g) coll. about to be scolded, esp. by one's employer or someone of higher rank;
33. keep/hold in check p) to control or hold back (a person, one's feelings, etc.), esp. not allow (someone or
oneself) to become too excited or active;
34. make the grade L) COLL. TO DO AS WELL AS IS EXPECTED; SUCCEED;
35. not have all day j) coll. not to have much time to do something;
36. object lesson e) a very clear example, e.g. of how to do something, which others should learn from or
take as a warning;
37. parrot fashion r) repeating certain words or ideas without really understanding their meaning;
38. pull oneself by one's own q) to become successful through one's own efforts, without help from other people and in
bootstraps spite of the disadvantages;
39. straight off the reel n) coll. without pausing in one's speech;
40. strain at the leash k) to show great eagerness (to do something or to be free from rules or limits); be
impatient;
41. the child is father of the man u) the character of a fully grown person is the product of childhood influences;
42. with a capital T/S/P o) coll. (used to suggest that a person is an extreme example of the kind described, holding
very strong opinions or having very fixed habits);

33 Fill in the spaces with relevant idiomatic expressions from the exercise above.
1. When the teacher came into the room, he said, "Cut it out! Stop the talking and get on with your work!" 2. Nobody can hold a candle
to her as far as languages are concerned. 3. This Grammar book covers a lot of ground; any student can use it as a good reference. 4. The
TV presenter should have done his homework before asking the studio guest questions. 5. The way he handled this situation provided an
object lesson in how to deal with angered visitors. 6. The teacher told the children to get ready quickly. We haven't got all day, you
know", she said. 7. Many of the singers can't speak Italian and have to learn the words parrot fashion. 8. He is a teacher with a capital T.
9. He is such a bad teacher that the children are completely in a fog about their school work. 10. We have all heard about your accident –
it's ancient history. 11. He was the teacher's favourite pupil until he blotted his copybook by failing all his examinations. 12. The noisy
children had to be held in check by their teachers as they went past the library. 13. He gave me the information I asked for straight off the
reel. 14. The teacher warned the boy that if she heard any more of his cock-and-bull stories he would be severely punished. 15. My
teacher told me not to worry about missing his first three lessons since he would only be going over old ground. 16. His boss had him on
the carpet for arriving late at work. 17. Any girl can apply to join a six-week course – and those who make the grade will be issued
diplomas. 18. Look at the recently elected leader – a lady who has pulled herself up by her own bootstraps. 19. The teacher realised that
the boy disliked school and was straining at the leash to join his older brothers and earn his own money.

34 Match the proverbs with their meaning.

I. Discontent is the first step in (d) If a person is dissatisfied with something, he will take pains to change it.
progress.
II. Tell tales out of school. (g) Make public something that should be kept private.
III. Experience is the mother of (e) People learn by their mistakes.
wisdom.
IV. He that would eat the kernel must (f) A person cannot expect to get anything without working for it.
crack the nut.
V. A Jack of all trades and master of (h) To get on in the world, a person should concentrate on one thing and learn to
none. do it well
VI. Learn to walk before you run. (i) Knowledge cannot be acquired all at once. It must be gained step by step.
VII. Ninety percent of inspiration is (b) All brilliant ideas are useless without an aptitude for had work.
perspiration.
VIII. One is never too old to learn. (a) However much you know there is always more to learn.
IX. A little learning is a dangerous (c) People with little knowledge are often unaware of their ignorance and are
thing. easily misled.

35 Study the synonyms and fill in the gaps in the sentences below.

a) to teach someone a skill or how to do something

Teach:
The company runs courses for bank staff aimed at teaching them how to interview clients.
Train: to teach someone the skills they need for a particular activity, especially a job.
Children as young as nine are trained to use tools.

5
see also "break new ground", "common ground", "fall on stony ground", etc.
6
This phrase may be considered impolite and should not be used in formal situations.
20
 Coach: to teach a person or team the skills they need for a sport.
Leila has a natural sporting talent. I don’t really need to coach her.
Instruct: to teach someone about something about, especially a practical subject or skill, by explaining it and showing them what
to do.
You should be instructed in how to use computer system.

b) to teach people that they should think or behave in a particular way.

Educate: to teach people, especially over a long period of time, about the things that will be helpful to them in life.
What we are trying to do is to educate young people to be responsible citizens.
bring sb up to do sth: to teach your child or children to think or behave in a particular ay as they grow up.
Children are often brought up to tell the truth in all circumstances
Brainwash: to teach someone to believe something that is not true, by using force, confusing them or continuously repeating it
over a long period of time.
For years we’ve been brainwashed by advertising into buying more and more things that we don’t need.
Indoctrinate: to teach someone to accept a particular set of religious or political beliefs, without allowing them to discuss it, doubt
it or consider other possible beliefs.
The authorities worried that socialist teachers might indoctrinate their students.

c) describing children and people who are very intelligent.

Whizzkid: an informal word meaning someone who is extremely intelligent and successgyl in their job although they are young,
and is admired by people.
They’ve got some whizzkid who’s already won National Geography Bee.
Bright: intelligent and likely to be successful.
When I first met her she was a bright young lawyer fresh out of law school.
Precocious: a precocious child often behaves more like an adult asking difficult and intelligent questions in a way that may annoy
people.
A precocious child may appear to be cheeky, when all he wants is intelligent conversation with an adult.
Prodigy: a child who is extremely good at a particular subject or activity from a very young age.
A 13 year old child prodigy has been awarded a mathematics degree at Cambridge University.

d) to pass a test or examination

Scrape through: to only just pass a test or examination by getting one or a few marks more than the number necessary to pass. It’ll be a
miracle if he scrapes through his exams.
Sail through: informal expression meaning to pass a test or examination very easily. She sailed through her driving test with no trouble
at all.
Qualify: to pass all the necessary examinations in order to be able to working a particular profession. He hopes to qualify as a lawyer and
then return to India.

Get through: to pass a difficult test or examination

The entrance exam is very difficult and only a small minority of candidates will get through.

e) to help someone in something they are trying to achieve, by giving advice, support and confidence.
Encourage: to say or do things, which help someone do something
It was Haldene more than anyone who encouraged the young scientist in his work.
Be supportive: to be willing to help, support and encourage someone emotionally
Our teacher was always supportive of everything we suggested.
Spur sb on: to tell sb that they must continue trying and that they mustn’t give up, so that they succeed in the end.
I would never have won the race if my family and teachers hadn’t all spurred me on.
Give sth a boost: to help something so that it suddenly begins to develop more quickly.
Smaller class-sizes are sure to give a boost to literacy.

36 Match the words on the left with their descriptions on the right.

21. after-dinner, after-hours, after-lunch, Adjectives describing something that happens after a particular activity or
after-school, after-work event, which is specified in the adjective.
22. after-care, after-effects, aftertaste, Nouns referring to one thing that happens as a result of another.
after-smell
23. all-female, all-wood Adjectives describing something that consists entirely of the thing referred to
by the noun.
24. all-age, all-weather, all-purpose Adjectives describing something that is suitable for or includes every type of a
particular thing.
25. all-consuming, all-embracing, all- Adjectives describing something that includes or affects everyone or
seeing everything.
26. arch-liar, arch-rogue, arch-rebel Nouns referring to people who are extreme representatives of whatever the
original refers to.
27. class-based, computer-based, protein- Adjectives expressing the idea that the thing referred to by the original noun is
based the most important part or feature of something.
28. home-based, campus-based, school- Adjectives describing something as being positioned or existing mainly in a
based particular place, or as being organised from that place.
29. housebound, tradition-bound, Adjectives describing someone or something as being restricted or limited by
wheelchair-bound, desk-bound the thing referred to by the original noun.
30. paper-bound, cardboard-bound Adjectives indicating the sort of covering for books.
31. age-conscious, cost-conscious, diet- Adjectives describing someone who considers a particular aspect of their life
conscious, image-conscious, safety- or situation to be important, often when other people do not seem to notice it or

21
 conscious to be interested in it.
32. counterplan, counter-offer, counter- Words describing actions or activities that oppose another action or activity.
offensive, counter-measures
33. cross-border, cross-country Adjectives describing something that moves across the place or area
mentioned.
34. ever-changing, ever-present, ever- Adjectives describing something that continuously performs the action
available, everlasting mentioned, or that always has the characteristic mentioned.
35. extra-bright, extra-special, extra-small Adjectives describing something as having a large amount of the quality or
characteristic described by the original adjective.
36. extra-curricular, extra-terrestrial Adjectives describing something as being outside, beyond, or different from
what was described by the original adjective.
37. free-thinking, free-moving, free- Adjectives describing something or someone as moving or behaving without
flowing the restrictions or controls that you might normally expect.
38. crime-free, meat-free, stress-free, Adjectives describing something which does not have the thing mentioned.
smoke-free
39. full-scale, full-grown, full-volume, Adjectives describing someone or something that has performed a particular
full-blast, full-force action, or that has a particular quality, to the greatest extent possible.
40. full-colour, full-size, full-time Words describing something which occupies or includes the whole of the thing
referred to by the original noun.

37 Fill in the gaps in the sentences with words from the previous exercise.

1. The course catered for all-age student audience.

2. Many full-time university programmes have duplicates for computer-based distant education.
3. He went over to his bookshelf and picked out a small, cardboard-bound book.
4. For a week he has been training for the cross-country run.
5. Tina's career in show business made her extremely image-conscious.
6. Forrest Gump's son was born to be a most beautiful and extra-bright child.
7. Her all-consuming passions were pets and plants.
8. The boy was an arch-rebel at school and a most caring son at home.
9. Many students benefit greatly from involvement in extra-curricular activities.
10. Younger pupils are to be under the supervision of their teachers to ensure accident-free studies and play at recess.
11. In a few years today's children will be full-grown adults in mind and body.
12. Kimonos are very popular with the Japanese as they are both modest and free-moving.
13. The new full-colour textbooks aroused a lot more interest in the subject.
14. The school hired an all-female teaching staff.

15. After-school play centres are valuable for all children.

16. The after-care of elderly patients leaves a great deal to be desired.
17. The students organised an amateur campus-based theatre.
18. The desk-bound students know little about the real world of business.
19. Unless specific counter-measures are taken, unemployment will continue to rise.
20. The everlasting feeling of being behind with work put him on a short fuse.

38 This exercise lists cliché phrases to say in times of trouble in a number of categories. However, the categories are
listed separately. Label each phrase with the number of the situation the phrase is most appropriate for.
Source: http://utopia.knoware.nl/users/sybev/cliche/ugly.shtml

a Tomorrow is another day 1

For when you feel really bad
b It has to get worse, before it gets better
c Time will tell For when you are waiting, just waiting for 2
d The waiting is the hardest part something to happen
e Everything is vanity For when you are looking for something 3
f The more things change, the more they stay the same and you don't know for what
g Truth is relative 4
For when you are looking for truth
h There is no comfort in the truth
I When in doubt, consult your inner child 5
For when you can not make a decision
j If it doesn't come naturally, leave it
k Poor planning on your part does not create an emergency on 6
my part
For when there is too much work
l Hurry when you have time, then you'll have time when you are
in a hurry
m Life is not hard, it only needs some positive thinking 7
For when life is hard
n When God gives you lemons, make lemonade
o One lost, ten found 8
For when someone broke your heart
p It is better to have loved and lost than to never have loved at all

22
q The first will be the last 9
For when you feel like a loser
r You are a loser only when you fail to try
s Popularity (admiration) is not love 10
For when you think you are ugly
t You can't tell a book by its outside cover
u Better feeling pain than feeling nothing at all 11
For when you are in pain
v Pain is nature's way of telling you that you are still alive
w We are all alone 12
For when you feel lonely
x If you can't enjoy your company, how could anyone else?
y It's only fear that makes you run 13
For when you are afraid
z No guts, no glory
aa If nothing else, I can always serve as a bad example For when you have done something really 14
ab The one who makes no mistakes does none of the work stupid
ac When you are not strong, you must be smart For when you are trying very hard and not 15
ad The road to success is always under construction having any success
ae Goodbye is not an easy word to say 16
af The sun in your eyes made some of the lies worth believing
For when you have to say goodbye

39 Below are some interpretations of different cultural movements. The texts have been gapped for the purpose of
exercise. Take the challenge and replace the relevant words in their original places.

The direct precursors of impressionism were the English landscape painters Constable and Turner. When Monet and Pissarro first saw
the work of these men, in 1871, they were particularly impressed by Turner's rendering of atmosphere and his representation of the
diffusing effects of light on solid objects.
Edouard Manet showed that subtle depictions of light can be accomplished as well by the juxtaposition of bright, contrasting colors as
by shadings of intermediary tones. Notable French contemporaries who championed the impressionists included such literary figures as
Emile Zola, Charles Baudelaire and many others. Long accustomed to the conventional academic style, the press and public were hostile
to the new style. During ensuing years, however, impressionism gradually won acceptance.

Monet alone was doctrinaire in applying what had become impressionist theory. He painted many series of studies—the cathedral of
Rouen, haystacks, a lily pond, and poplars—each study painted at different times of the day and in different seasons. Pissarro used a
subdued palette and concentrated equally on the effects of light and on the structure of forms. Sisley, although greatly influenced by
Monet, retained his own delicacy of style. Degas, who was not an orthodox impressionist, caught the fleeting moment, especially in
ballet and horse-racing scenes. Renoir preferred to paint the female form rather than pure landscapes. Morisot's subtly painted landscapes
gained strength from brushwork rather than color.
II

Symbolist Movement originated in France in the late 19th century. In literature, it encouraged writers to express their ideas, feelings,
and values by means of symbols or suggestions rather than by direct statements. Symbolist writers discarded rigid rules of versification
and the stereotyped poetic images of their predecessors. Symbolist visual arts refer to the use of certain pictorial conventions (pose,
gesture, or a repertoire of attributes) to express a latent allegorical meaning in a work of art. Symbolism served as a catalyst in the
development away from representation in art and toward abstraction. Inspiration was found initially in the work of the French painters
Puvis de Chavannes, Moreau, and Redon, who used brilliant colors and exaggerated expressiveness of line to represent emotionally
charged dream visions, inspired by literary, religious, or mythological subjects. Their followers included the Dutch painter Vincent van
Gogh, renowned for his use of color to express emotions, and the French painters Paul Gauguin and Emile Bernard. This style they
dubbed synthetist, or symbolist (using the two terms interchangeably), in opposition to the analytic approach of impressionism.
Symbolism, with its concern for the subjective, allusive employment of color and form, can be seen to underlie successive later 20th-
century art styles.

40 Study the synonyms and fill in the gaps in the sentences below.
a) draw sketch doodle scribble trace

draw – draw sth;

The children were drawing pictures of trees from life.
sketch – to make a quick and simple drawing, especially so that you can remember what something looks like sketch sth;
She toured The Czech Republic, visiting and sketching castles.
doodle – to draw small shapes, lines, or patterns without really thinking about what you are doing, for example when you are listening to
someone talking or when you feel bored;
I always doodle on my notepad when attending meetings.
scribble – to draw untidy lines or shapes on paper or on a wall;
Jane can't draw a real picture yet but she enjoys scribbling with crayons.
trace – to copy a picture by putting transparent paper over it and then drawing along the lines of the picture;
The children traced the map of the country and then wrote in the names of the places they had visited.

b) picture, sketch, painting, illustration, drawing, study

picture lines and shapes which have been drawn or painted onto a surface and which show a person, place, scene etc;
Van Gogh's 'Sunflowers' is one of the most famous pictures in the world.
23
painting a picture that has been painted;
The museum has an impressive collection of early 20th century English paintings.
drawing a picture that has been drawn using a pencil, pen etc;
On the wall was a drawing of a woman's head by Matisse.
sketch a rough picture consisting of a few lines which have been drawn quickly;
This isn't the finished picture - it's just a rough sketch.
illustration a picture in a book, which shows someone or something that has been mentioned in the book;
The new encyclopaedia is full of colour illustrations and photographs.
study7 a small derailed drawing, especially one which is done in order to prepare for a larger picture, or as part of a series of drawings of
the same kind of subject;
Renoir did several studies of small plants and flowers.

c) photograph, mug shot, photo/picture, snap, shot

photograph a picture made using a camera;
Ansel Adams' photographs of the American wilderness are now worth thousands of dollars.
photo/picture a word meaning a photograph, used especially when talking about photographs of you, your friends, your family, places
you have visited etc;
Did you take any good photos while you were in Paris?
shot a photograph that you take for a specific purpose, often one that you have to go to a particular place in order to take;
The cars went past so quickly that she only had time to take a couple of shots.
mug shot an informal word meaning a photograph of the face of a criminal or a possible criminal which has been taken by the police
The police showed me some mug shots and I had to say if any of them looked like the man who attacked me.
snap a photograph of someone's holiday, friends, family etc which was taken by them, rather than by a professional photographer;
I've got some snaps of my family, if you want to see them.

d) portrait landscape cartoon caricature

portrait a picture or photograph of a person;
The artist Hans Holbein was best known for painting portraits.
landscape a picture or photograph of an area of land, especially one in the country, for example a forest, or a field;
Constable is probably England's most famous landscape artist.
cartoon a humorous drawing, especially in a newspaper or a magazine, often with a joke written under it;
The cartoon shows a group of elephants trying to get into a phone-box.
caricature a humorous drawing that makes certain parts of people's faces or bodies seem larger or stranger than they really are, in order
to make them look funny
We had our caricatures drawn by a street artist while we were on vacation in Turkey.

41 Below are some interpretations of different cultural movements. The texts have been gapped for the purpose of
exercise. Take the challenge and replace the relevant words in their original places.

I
lifelike height revolt8 emphasis inspiration dictum9 analytical solids10 planes11 arranged passing
Cubism, a movement in modern art, especially painting, that was primarily concerned with abstract forms rather than lifelike
representation. It began in Paris about 1908, reached its height by 1914, and developed further in the 1920s. Cubism was a revolt against
the sentimental and realistic traditional painting of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and against the emphasis on light and color
effects and the lack of form characteristic of impressionism. It drew inspiration from tribal art, especially that of Africa and Oceania.

The doctrines of the cubist school follow the dictum of the French postimpressionist Paul Cezanne, “Everything in nature takes its form
from the sphere, the cone, and the cylinder.” The most common type of cubism is an abstract and analytical approach to a subject, in
which the artist determines and paints the basic geometric solids of which the subject is composed, in particular the cube or cone, or the
basic planes that reveal the underlying geometric forms.

In another type of cubist painting (synthetic cubism), views of an object from different angles, not simultaneously visible in life, are
arranged into a unified composition. In neither type of cubism is there any attempt to reproduce in detail the appearance of natural
objects. Cubism is important in the history of Western art as a revolutionary, passing style that marked the beginning of abstract and
nonobjective art.

II
assertion12, adhere, nonfigurative, spontaneity, embraced, diverse, tendencies, unified 13, quintessential, saturated, prime
Abstract Expressionism, movement in mid-20th-century painting that was primarily concerned with the spontaneous assertion of the
individual through the act of painting. The movement contains a variety of styles and is characterized more by the concepts behind the art
than by a specific look. Generally, abstract expressionist art is without recognizable images and does not adhere to the limits of
conventional form.

7
иск. этюд, эскиз, набросок
8
(against) бунт, протестж women in revolt against discrimination — женщины, бурно выступающие против дискриминации
9
(pl тж. dicta) 1. изречение, афоризмж 2. авторитетное заявление, авторитетное мнение, суждение
10
мат. тело; regular solid — правильное (геометрическое) тело
11
плоскость
12
утверждение, уверенность в себе; mere assertion — голословное утверждение; assertion training — выработка уверенности в себе
13
единый, объединённый
24
The roots of abstract expressionism are in the totally nonfigurative 14 work of the Russian-born painter Wassily Kandinsky and that of the
surrealists, who deliberately used the subconscious and spontaneity 15 in creative activity.

The abstract expressionist movement centered in New York City. Although the styles embraced within abstract expressionism were as
diverse as the styles of the painters themselves, two major tendencies were noted in the movement. Action painters were concerned with
paint texture and consistency and the gestures of the artist, while color field painters gave their works impact by using unified color and
shape. Jackson Pollock was the quintessential action painter. Mark Rothko created pulsating rectangles of saturated color in his works;
many of these works are prime examples of color-field painting.

42 Fill in the spaces in the sentences with appropriate idioms, containing a word related to arts.
have (got) smth down to a fine art to have learned to do smth perfectly
the state of the art the position or state reached in the course of an activity
paint in glowing colours describe (smth or smb) in a way that suggests it is worthy of praise, very pleasant
paint in true colours be described correctly
paint the town red to have a very enjoyable time, esp. in a lively and noisy manner
get the picture understand the situation
put smb. in the picture fully inform about the facts of a situation
16
play to the gallery act in an amusing or showy way instead of being serious, in order to win popularity with
the mass of ordinary people
make an exhibition of oneself to behave in public in a loud or foolish manner, esp. in a manner that attracts scorn
of the old school belonging to a group that is characterised by its use of old customs, manners or behaviour
10. She can get money out of her father whenever she likes: she has got it down to a fine art.
11. What's the state of the art? – Well, we have done everything you told us to do, and we are waiting now for your new instructions.
12. The writer paints the simple country life in glowing colours and is clearly against living in a city.
13. The situation was catastrophic and the board required painting things in true colours.
14. They heard this morning that they had passed their examinations, so they've gone out to paint the town red.
15. You people only see what's happening on your own sector. You can't possibly get the whole picture.
16. "I'd better put you in the picture," he said. "Briefly, it is this. …"
17. I put forward my side of the argument as clearly and exactly as I could, but my opponent played to the gallery shamelessly and
soon had the support of the crowd.
18. He is really a very clever man, but because he makes such an exhibition of himself at parties nobody can believe that he's serious.
19. Doctors of the old school could talk to you about your hobbies or else, not like these nowadays – concerned only with treating as
many people as possible in the shortest possible time.

14
абстрактный, беспредметный
15
1. самопроизвольность, стихийность; спонтанность, непосредственность
16
театр. 1) балкон, галерея, галёрка; 2) галёрка, посетители галёрки
25