(Type Here) AEN 100 Introduction To Phonetics and Phonology DR Everlyn Simiyu Machakos University

AEN 200 : INTRODUCTION TO PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
e-LECTURE 1
PHONETICS
1.1 Introduction
Our first lecture introduces you to the broad definition of phonetics and differentiates it with
phonology.
1.2 Lecture Objectives
By the end of this lecture, students should be able to:
1.2.1 Define Phonetics and Phonology
1.2.2 Differentiate phonetics and phonology
1.2.3 Explain the usefulness of phonetics
1.2.4 Name the branches of phonetics
1.2.1 PHONETICS
E-tivity 2.2.1: Difference between phonetics and phonology
Title Definition of phonetics and phonology
Purpose To help you note the difference between
phonetics and phonology
Brief summary of overall task Discussing the difference between phonetics
and phonology, the usefulness of phonetics to
language teachers and its branches
Spark Watch this video on speech sounds
https://youtu.be/yNQN4sWaUsI
Individual task
(a) Define phonetics
(b) Define phonology
(c) Explain the difference between phonetics
and phonology
(d) Explain the usefulness of phonetics
(e) Name the branches of phonetics
Interaction begins What are speech sounds?
How are sounds studied?
E-moderator interventions 1. Direct and help students to focus on
the content
2. Help students generate new ideas on
the topic
3. Provide feedback
4. Close the e-tivity
[Type here]
AEN 100 Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology Dr Everlyn Simiyu Machakos University
Schedule and time This –etivity should take 60 minutes on –
May 2020
Next Braches of phonetics
From our discussion above, you need to note the following:
Phonetics deals with the systematic study of all speech sounds which human beings are capable
of producing. It deals with the speech sounds that occur in all languages of the world.
Phonology on the other hand, deals with how speech sounds are used systematically in different
languages to form words and utterances. Phonology studies the way the is a particular language
pattern; e.g /m/ and /a/ to form /ma/ in the CV syllable type in Kiswahili.
The difference between the two is that phonology deals with speech sounds in a particular
language while phonetics deals with all human speech sounds.
The Usefulness of Phonetics- phonetics is useful, not just to teachers of language but in other
areas as well.
(i) To teachers of language- , it gives you the theoretical as well as the practical knowledge
of phonetics which to help you get well grounded in other areas of linguistics and to
teach language effectively as it gives you the basic knowledge that any teacher of
language requires.
(ii) Linguists- Any researcher in linguistics must be well grounded in phonetics. Phonetics
related questions arise at other levels of linguistics, for example:
 phonology - one needs to know the articulation of the sounds in different
languages, Voiced or voiceless- making an ‘s’ or z’ sound – sip or zip
 syntax - one needs to know to arrangement of the different words in order to
make meaningful sentences in a language
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 Morphology – one needs to be aware of the different morphemes and the
meaning of each- for example the plural morpheme –s in English must be
given a phonetic explanation- [s] comes after voiceless consonants,, e.g. cats
while [z] comes after voiced consonants and vowels , e.g. gives [giviz]
(iii) Speech therapists- they need to understand how various vocal tract organs work in the
production of speech sounds so as to be able to diagnose and treat articulatory defects.
(iv) Communication and computer engineers, actors, philologists, sociolinguists, TV/radio
broadcasters etc. For example actors have to imitate certain accents, philologists need
to study the laws of sound change among related languages, sociolinguists need to
study variation in varieties and styles of speech.
Phonetics is useful to you as a teacher of language because of the following reasons:
 to assess the reading skills of your students
 you need to diagnose the pronunciation errors made by your students
 you need to find ways of correcting the errors your students as speakers of English as a
second language make.
The branches of phonetics

1. Acoustic Phonetics
This deals with the physical properties of speech sounds; i.e. duration, intensity ( e.g.
aspirated [p]), amplitude ( the loudness of a sound) and frequency. The various properties
of sound segments are measured in a language laboratory. Electric equipment such as
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sound spectrographs are used to register the time taken to articulate a speech sound, its
pitch and intensity. See an example of a sine wave using this link:
https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~krussll/phonetics/acoustic/img/sine1.png
Note: amplitude is what shows the loudness of a sound.
2. Auditory Phonetics
This examines how speech sounds are perceived by the human ear.
3. Articulatory Phonetics
It deals with the processes involved in the production of sound segments; how each
individual sound is articulated. Articulatory phonetics is what we are concerned with in
this course.
Conclusion
In this lecture, you have seen how phonetics in linked to other areas of linguistics, its usefulness to you
as a teacher of language and the branches that phonetics is divided into. You have also learnt that
phonetics deals with the speech sounds in all languages of the world and that is what makes it different
from phonology although the two are intertwined.
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AEN 200 : INTRODUCTION TO PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

From our discussion above, you need to note the following:

language while phonetics deals with all human speech sounds.

related questions arise at other levels of linguistics, for example:

 phonology - one needs to know the articulation of the sounds in different

languages, Voiced or voiceless- making an ‘s’ or z’ sound – sip or zip

 syntax - one needs to know to arrangement of the different words in order to

make meaningful sentences in a language

meaning of each- for example the plural morpheme –s in English must be

production of speech sounds so as to be able to diagnose and treat articulatory defects.

(iv) Communication and computer engineers, actors, philologists, sociolinguists, TV/radio

study variation in varieties and styles of speech.

Phonetics is useful to you as a teacher of language because of the following reasons:

 to assess the reading skills of your students

 you need to diagnose the pronunciation errors made by your students

second language make.

The branches of phonetics

of sound segments are measured in a language laboratory. Electric equipment such as

Note: amplitude is what shows the loudness of a sound.

individual sound is articulated. Articulatory phonetics is what we are concerned with in

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