Question Paper Computer Systems

Oxford Cambridge and RSA
A Level Computer Science

H446/01 Computer Systems
Monday 11 June 2018 – Morning

Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
* 7 0 1 4 0 7 1 5 2 6 *
You may use:

• a ruler (cm/mm)
• an HB pencil
Do not use:
• a calculator
* H 4 4 6 0 1 *
First name
Last name
Centre Candidate
number number
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You may use an HB pencil for graphs and diagrams.
• Complete the boxes above with your name, centre number and candidate number.
• Answer all the questions.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be
used if required but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and
question number(s).
• Do not write in the barcodes.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 140.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended responses will be assessed in questions marked with an
asterisk (*).
• This document consists of 24 pages.
© OCR 2018 [601/4911/5] OCR is an exempt Charity

DC (RW/SC) 156768/3 Turn over
2
Answer all the questions.
1 A digital coffee making machine has a CPU that uses the Little Man Computer Instruction Set.
(a)
Little Man Computer operates on a computer system based on the Von Neumann Architecture.
(i)
State two features of the Von Neumann architecture.
1 ��
[2]
(ii) Describe one feature, not part of the standard Von Neumann Architecture, which
contemporary CPUs may have in order to improve performance.
��
[2]
(b)
Part of the coffee making machine’s code asks the user to press a button to select strength.
The code outputs 1 which will switch on a green light to indicate a valid selection or outputs 0
to indicate an invalid selection.
The code is shown below:
INP
STA entry
LDA max
SUB entry
BRP accept
LDA redLight
BRA printAndEnd
accept LDA greenLight
printAndEnd OUT
HLT
greenLight DAT 1
redLight DAT 0
max DAT 5
entry DAT
Fig. 1
© OCR 2018
3
(i)
Tick the appropriate boxes below to indicate which inputs will result in a green light
(i.e. code outputs 1) and which with a red light.
Input Green Light Red Light

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
[2]
(ii) Explain which registers and buses are used, and the values they store/carry, when the
line LDA redLight is executed (after it has been fetched and decoded). You should
assume the address redLight refers to memory location 11.
��
[6]
© OCR 2018 Turn over

4
(iii) Write code in a high‑level language or pseudocode that has the same functionality as the
code in Fig. 1.
��
[3]
(iv)* Discuss the differences between assembly code and high‑level languages. You should
refer to:
• the advantages and disadvantages of writing programs in assembly code rather
than a high-level language
• when each approach might be used
• why the coffee machine was programmed in assembly code.
��
© OCR 2018
[9]
5
2 A software company decides to build an operating system for OCR smart watches.
(a)
Memory management is one of the functions of an operating system.
(i)
List three functions, other than memory management, of an operating system.
1 ��
3
[3]
Part of a computer’s memory is represented below (Fig. 2). The operating system divides the
memory into equally sized chunks.
Fig. 2
(ii) State the name of the type of memory management used in Fig. 2.
�� [1]
(iii) The operating system needs to load program C into memory but there is not enough
space. Describe how the operating system would use virtual memory to load program C.
��
[3]

6
(b)
The company sets up a website to promote the watch. Part of the website is shown below.
The sentence ‘Download The Factsheet’ is a hyperlink to the file factsheet.pdf which is stored
in the same folder as the HTML file for the webpage.
Features
The new OCR Smart Watch:
1. Uses the CB2 RISC processor for long battery life
2. Stores up to 20hrs of music
3. Tracks fitness
Download The Factsheet
(i)
Write the HTML to produce the extract from the webpage above. You can assume it will
be placed within the <body> tags of a pre-existing page. You do not need to specify the
font.
��
[5]
© OCR 2018
7
(ii) Explain what happens when a search engine indexes the page. You do not need to
discuss ranking.
��
[3]
(iii) Explain why using a RISC processor rather than a CISC processor is likely to result in
increased battery life.
��
[3]

8
3 An airport holds details of flights in a database using the table Flight. An extract of the table is
shown below.
FlightID FlightNumber DestinationCode DestinationName DepartureDate DepartureTime

1355 OC0089 JFK John F. Kennedy 03/07/18 09:50
1453 CS1573 LHR Heathrow 03/07/18 10:30
1921 OC7750 JFK John F. Kennedy 04/07/18 08:30
1331 AM0045 YHZ Halifax 04/07/18 14:25
1592 HB0326 RTM Rotterdam 04/07/18 19:10
1659 CS0123 LHR Heathrow 04/07/18 07:20
(a)
Describe what the SQL statement below does.
SELECT FlightNumber FROM Flight WHERE DestinationCode='JFK'
��
[2]
The airport cancels all its flights to Heathrow on 4th July 2018.
(b)
The SQL statement below shows all the data for flights going to Halifax. Rewrite it so it instead
removes all flights to Heathrow on 4th July 2018.
SELECT * FROM Flight WHERE DestinationName='Halifax'
��
[3]
© OCR 2018
9
(c)
Tables often have primary and secondary keys.
(i)
State why DestinationCode would not be a suitable primary key for the Flight
table.
��
[1]
(ii) State why DestinationCode would be a suitable secondary key for the Flight table.
��
[1]
(d)
The airline wishes to ensure the database is normalised.
(i)
Describe why the database can be considered to be in First Normal Form.
��
[2]
(ii) Describe why the database can be considered to be in Second Normal Form.
��
[2]
(iii) Describe why the database can not be considered to be in Third Normal form.
��
[2]

10
(e)
The airport wishes to allow airlines to be able to access the data it has on flights via the
internet.
Describe one format or method the airport could use to provide the data to the airlines so
they can use it in their own applications.
��
[2]
© OCR 2018
11
4 The internet can be considered an example of a WAN.
(a)
Describe what is meant by the term ‘WAN’.
��
[2]
(b)
The internet uses a set of protocols referred to as the TCP/IP stack. The TCP/IP stack
consists of four different layers, each with its own set of protocols.
(i)
Explain why protocols are important on a network.
��
[2]
(ii) State the name of the four layers of the TCP/IP stack.
1 ��
4
[4]

12
5 A software company is producing software that allows users with severe mobility issues to input
data into a computer.
The software flashes up letters on the screen one at a time. The user sends a signal to the
computer when the letter they want appears on the screen.
(a)
State the name of an input device and describe how it could be used by a user with very
limited mobility in their hands and arms to send a signal to the computer.
Device name: ��
How it would be used:
[2]
© OCR 2018
13
(b)
Rather than displaying the whole alphabet, once the first letter has been entered, the program
only shows letters that could be possible according to words in its dictionary. All possible
words are stored in a tree data structure.
The program is tested on a sample dictionary of four words, represented as a tree in Fig. 3:
BARON
BATHS
BELOW
BELTS
(i)
Annotate Fig. 3 to show how the word BELTS would be removed from the tree. [2]
(ii) Annotate Fig. 3 to show how the words BEACH and BONE would be added to the tree.
[2]
Fig. 3
(c)
The developer decides she wants to make the software program open source.
Explain the benefits to the users of the software being open source.
��
[2]

14
6* “Technology is changing too quickly for the law to keep up.”
Discuss to what extent you agree with the statement above. In your discussion you should explain
which laws regulate the use of technology and how advancements in technology have made the
laws difficult to enforce/implement.
��
[12]
© OCR 2018
15
7 A taxi firm is investigating replacing its drivers with self-driving cars.
(a)
Explain why the self-driving system will use a real-time operating system.
��
[3]

16
(b)
The code for the self-driving system has been written using an object-oriented programming
language.
It recognises obstacles in the road and then classifies them.

The class for Obstacle is shown below.
public class Obstacle

private moving //Boolean value
private distance //Real number given in metres
private direction //Integer given as between 1 and 360 degrees
public procedure new(givenMoving, givenDistance, givenDirection)

moving=givenMoving
distance=givenDistance
direction=givenDirection
endprocedure
public procedure updateDistance(givenDistance)

endprocedure
endclass
(i)
Write a line of code to create an object called bollard of type Obstacle which is not
moving and is 7.8 metres away in a direction of 8 degrees.
��
[2]
(ii) Describe an example of encapsulation in the class definition code above.
��
[2]
(iii) Describe the advantages of using encapsulation.
��
[2]
© OCR 2018
17
(c)
The self-driving program recognises people as a special type of obstacle and the class
Person should inherit the methods and attributes of Obstacle. People are treated like other
obstacles except:
• when the updateDistance method is called, if the person is more than 2 metres away
but is 5 metres (or less) away, the method Controls.beepHorn() is called.
• when the person is 2 metres away (or closer), the method Controls.applyBrakes()
is called as well as Controls.beepHorn().
Complete the class Person.
class Person .................................................................
public procedure updateDistance(givenDistance)
��
endprocedure
endclass [5]
(d)
Give one advantage and one disadvantage to the customers of the taxi using self-driving
cars rather than drivers.
Advantage
��
Disadvantage
��
[2]
18
8 A student writes a program to apply a symmetric encryption algorithm to work on messages of up
to 25 ASCII characters.
(a)
Describe what is meant by the term ‘ASCII’.
��
[2]
The encryption algorithm works in the following way.

A message of up to 25 characters (spaces and punctuation are not included) is placed in a
5×5 array. Any leftover spaces are filled with random letters. The message I LOVE COMPUTER
SCIENCE becomes:
I L O V E
C O M P U
T E R S C
I E N C E
T O W R M
The key is a sequence of ten numbers.

In this example we will use 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5. The first 5 numbers state how many spaces
the rows 0 to 4 must be rotated right.
A key with the first 5 digits 1 2 3 4 5 would result in
E I L O V
P U C O M
R S C T E
E N C E I
T O W R M
The next 5 digits state how many spaces down the columns 0 to 4 should be rotated.
Applying the last 5 digits 1 2 3 4 5 to the grid above would give
T N C O V
E O C T M
P I W E E
R U L R I
E S C O M
© OCR 2018
19
Part of the pseudocode for the algorithm is written below.
global array grid[5,5]

addMessage()
// letters and random letters have been entered
// into the 2D array, grid
for i = 0 to 4
x = getNextDigitInKey()
shiftRow(i,x)
next i
for i = 0 to 4
x = getNextDigitInKey()
shiftColumn(i,x)
next i
//Now reassemble array back into string.
(b)
Show the result of running the algorithm on the grid and key below. [2]
KEY: 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1
T O P S E
C R E T M
E S S A G
E Y R P L
U O G G Q
Grid after only the rows are shifted:
Grid after columns have also been shifted:

20
(c)
Write the procedure shiftRow.
��
[4]
© OCR 2018
21
(d)*
Modern encryption is much stronger than the method described in the first part of this
question.
Discuss the impact of modern encryption on society. You should refer to:
• The importance of asymmetric encryption and how it differs from symmetric encryption.
• Different circumstances in which symmetric and asymmetric encryption may be used.
��
[9]

22
9 (a) Demonstrate how the bytes below are added together. Show your working.
01101010
00111111+
[2]
(b)
Demonstrate how the bottom byte below is subtracted from the top byte. Show your working.
11001111
00111001 -
[2]
(c)
Convert the binary number shown below to hexadecimal.
0011011100001111
��
[2]
(d)
The number below is represented in floating point format with a 5-bit mantissa in two’s
complement followed by a 3-bit exponent in two’s complement. Calculate the denary value of
the number, showing your working.
01001 010
��
[3]
© OCR 2018
23
(e)
The numbers below are represented in floating point format with a 5-bit mantissa in two’s
complement followed by a 4-bit exponent in two’s complement. Normalise the numbers
shown below, showing your working.
00011 0010
��
[2]
11100 0110
�� [2]
(f) Show the byte below after having an AND applied with the masking byte.
Byte 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
AND 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Result
[1]
(g)
Show the byte below after having an OR applied with the masking byte.
Byte 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
OR 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Result
[1]

24
10 (a) Draw a logic gate diagram to represent the Boolean expression
Q ≡ ¬A0B
[2]
(b)
Find the Boolean expression represented in the Karnaugh Map below. Show your working.
AB
00 01 11 10
00 1 1 1 1
CD 01 0 0 1 1
11 0 0 0 1
10 0 0 0 1
[5]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
Oxford Cambridge and RSA

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Oxford Cambridge and RSA

A Level Computer Science

Monday 11 June 2018 – Morning

You may use:

© OCR 2018 [601/4911/5] OCR is an exempt Charity

The code is shown below:

Input Green Light Red Light

© OCR 2018 Turn over

© OCR 2018 Turn over

© OCR 2018 Turn over

FlightID FlightNumber DestinationCode DestinationName DepartureDate DepartureTime

SELECT FlightNumber FROM Flight WHERE DestinationCode='JFK'

The airport cancels all its flights to Heathrow on 4th July 2018.

SELECT * FROM Flight WHERE DestinationName='Halifax'

© OCR 2018 Turn over

© OCR 2018 Turn over

How it would be used:

© OCR 2018 Turn over

© OCR 2018 Turn over

It recognises obstacles in the road and then classifies them.

public class Obstacle

public procedure new(givenMoving, givenDistance, givenDirection)

public procedure updateDistance(givenDistance)

(ii) Describe an example of encapsulation in the class definition code above.

(iii) Describe the advantages of using encapsulation.

Complete the class Person.

class Person .................................................................

public procedure updateDistance(givenDistance)

The encryption algorithm works in the following way.

The key is a sequence of ten numbers.

A key with the first 5 digits 1 2 3 4 5 would result in

Applying the last 5 digits 1 2 3 4 5 to the grid above would give

global array grid[5,5]

//Now reassemble array back into string.

Grid after only the rows are shifted:

Grid after columns have also been shifted:

© OCR 2018 Turn over

© OCR 2018 Turn over

© OCR 2018 Turn over

END OF QUESTION PAPER

Oxford Cambridge and RSA

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