8

Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 5
Proving Statements on Triangle Congruency

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Mathematics - Grade 8
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Quarter 3 – Module 5: Proving Statements on Triangle Congruency
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 8
Mathematics
Quarter 3 - Module 4
Proving Statements on Triangle Congruency
 Table of Content

What This Learning Package is About...................................................................................................i

What I Need to Know...................................................................................................................................ii
How to Learn from this Learning Package...........................................................................................ii
Icons of this Learning Package...............................................................................................................iii

What I Know.................................................................................................................................................iii

Lesson 1:
Proving Statements On Triangle Congruence ................................................1

What’s New: Arrange Me ............................................................................................1

What Is It....................................................................................................3
What’s More: Just Give Me a Reasons ………..........................................4
What I Have Learned: The Key ………………………………………………...6
What I Can Do: Reflect...............................................................................6

Lesson 2:
Proving Statements On Congruent Right Triangles ....................................7
What’s In: ...................................................................................................7
What’s New: Complete Me...…………………………………………………….7
What Is It …………………………………………………………………………..8
What’s More: Fill the Missing ...................................................................10
What I Have Learned: ……..…………………………………………………....10
What I Can Do: ………. …………………………………………………………11

Lesson 3:
Isosceles Triangle ………….......................................................... 12
What’s In…………………………………………………………………………..12
What’s New: Label and Find…………………………………………………….12
What Is It…………………………………………………………………………..13
What’s More : The Isosceles…………………………………………………….14
What I Have Learned: ……………………………………………………………16
What I Can Do: Sarangola ni Pepe……………………………………………..16

Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………..17
Assessment: (Post-Test)……………………………………………………………………….18
Key to Answer……………………………………………………………………………………19
Reference………………………………………………………………………………………….21
What This Module is About
In earlier mathematic lessons, you have learned concepts reflexive or commutative
properties, CPCTC and etc. These concepts help you to solve many types of mathematics
problems. These are useful in proving triangle congruence using two-column proof , which
you will learn later in this lesson.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Prove statements on triangle congruence by SSS, SAS, ASA congruence

postulate and AAS congruence theorem
2. Prove statements on triangle congruence by congruent right triangles
3. Illustrates Isosceles Triangle Theorem
.

.
 What I Know
Pre Assessment

Multiple Choices:
Directions: Read and answer the questions. Select the letter of the best answer
from among the given choices.

1. Supply the missing reasons to complete the proof.

Given: ∠S≅∠V and ST≅VT

Prove : RT≅UT

Statements Reasons
1. ∠S≅∠V and ST≅VT 1. Given
2. ∠RTS≅∠UTV 2. Vertical angles are
congruent.
3.∆ RTS≅ ∆ UTV 3. ?

4. RT≅UT 4. ?

a. SAS; CPCTC c. ASA; CPCTC

b. ASA; CPCTC d. AAS; CPCTC

2. Supply the missing reasons to complete the proof.

Prove that ∆ ART≅EST

Given: T is a midpoint of AS and ER

Statements Reasons
1. T is a midpoint of 1. Given
AS and ER
2. AT≅ST 2. Defn. of midpoint
3. RT≅ET 3. Defn. of midpoint

4. ∠ATR≅∠ETS 4. Vertical Angles

Congruence
Postulate
5. ∆ ART≅EST 5. ?

a. SAS Congruence Postulate c. ASA Congruence Postulate

b. SSS Congruence Postulate d. AAS Congruence Theorem

3. What additional information will allow you to prove that triangles congruent by the
LL Theorem.

a. AD≅BE
 b. AB≅DE
c. BC≅EC
d. AC≅DC

___________4. What else must you know to prove the triangles congruent by ASA?
By SAS?

a. ∠ADC≅∠CAB; AD≅BC
b. ∠ACD≅∠CAB; AB≅CD
c. ∠ACD≅∠CAB; AD≅AC
d. ∠ACD≅∠CAB; AD≅BC

___________5. Supply the missing reasons to complete the proof.

Prove: ∆ SPQ≅ ∆ TPQ

Given: SP≅TP, PQ bisects ∠SPT

Statements Reasons
1. SP≅TP 1. Given
2. PQ bisects ∠SPT 2. Given
3. ∠SPQ≅∠TPQ 3. Defn. of angle bisector

4. PQ≅PQ 4. Reflexive Property of

Congruence
5. .∆ SPQ≅ ∆ TPQ 5. SAS

a. Def. of angle bisector,SAS c. Def. of angle bisector,ASA

b. Def. of angle bisector,SSS d. Def. of angle bisector, HyL

__________6. What is the value of x.

a. 10
b. 12
c. 13
d. 16
 What’s In

In geometry we use proofs to show something is true. They are special form
of argument in which you have to justify every step of the argument with a reason.
Valid reasons are definitions, properties, postulates or theorem.
Two-Column Proof
One way to organize your thoughts when writing a proof is to use a two-
column proof. This probably is the most common kind of proof in geometry, and it has
two columns with a specific format;
 In the left column you write statements that lead to what to prove.
 In the right hand column, you write reasons for each step you take.
 Most proofs start with the “ given” information and
 The conclusion is the statement you are trying to prove.

What’s New

Activity1. Arrange Me!

Directions:
Prove the congruence statements using the jumbled statements and
reasons below. Arrange the statements and reasons by filling it out in
a two column proof form.
Given: Segment MA is perpendicular to segment
YZ and segment MA bisects ∠YMZ.
Prove: ∆ AYM≅ ∆ AZM
M
34

1 2 Z
Y
A
 Segment MA is perpendicular to segment Triangle AYM is congruent to triangle AZM
YZ
Angle 3 is congruent to angle 4

If 2 lines are perpendicular; they form

congruent adjacent angles Given

Segment MA bisects angle YBZ

Segment AM is congruent to segment AM
Definition of angle bisector

Given Reflexive Property

Angle 1 is congruent to angle 2 ASA Postulate

Statement Reasons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6..

What Is It

When you are creating a proof, you list the information that are given, list any
other information you can deduce, and then whatever it is you are trying to prove.
While congruent triangle proofs can be little challenging, here is the basic 3-step
method to use to set them up.
3 Steps to a Proof
1. Mark the given information to the diagram.
 2. Identify the congruence postulate/ theorem to be used and the additional
information needed and why.
3. Write down the statements and reasons. Make sure your last statement is what
you are supposed to be proving.

Example 1 Given: O is the midpoint AC and BD

AB ≅ DC
Prove: ∆ AOB ≅ ∆ COD

Step 1: Mark the congruent sides.

Step 2: We have two sides congruent ,
So, we will use SSS.

Step 3:
Statement Reason
Example
1. O is the 2 AC
midpoint Given:
andQR
BD ⃦ TS1., Given
QT ⃦ RS
Prove: QR ≅ TS
2. AO ≅ CO, BO ≅ DO, 2.Defn. of midpoint
3. AB ≅ DC 3. Given
4. ∆ AOB ≅ ∆ COD 4. SSS Congruence Po
tulate

Statement Reason
1. QR ⃦ TS 1. Given
2. ∠QRT≅∠STR 2. If two parallel lines are cut by
transversal, then alternate interior
angles are congruent.
3. QT ⃦ RS 3. Giv
n
4. ∠QTR≅∠TRS 4. If two parallel lines are cut by
transversal, then alternate interior
Example 3 Given: CHangles
≅ EH are congruent.
5.RT≅ RT FH5. GH
≅ Reflexive Property
6.∆ QRT ≅ ∆ STR Prove: 6. ASA Congruence Postulate
∠C≅∠E
7. QR ≅ TS 7.CPCTC
Statement Reason
1. CH ≅ EH, FH ≅ GH 1. Given
2. ∠FHC≅∠GHE 2.Vertical Angle Theorem
3. ∆ FHC ≅ ∆ GHE 3. SAS Congruent Postulate
4. ∠C≅∠E 4. CPCTC

What’s More

Activity 2: Just give me a reason

Direction: Fill in the missing reasons.

A. Given: JR ≅ SH
A is the midpoint of JS and HR
Prove: ∆ RJA ≅ ∆ HSA

Statement Reason
1. JR ≅ SH 1.
2. A is the midpoint of JS and HR 2. Given
3. JA ≅ SA 3.
4. RA ≅ HA 4. Def. of midpoint
5. ∆ RJA ≅ ∆ HSA 5.

B. Given: BC ≅ DA
AC bisects ∠BCD
Prove: ∆ ABC ≅ ∆ CDA

Statement Reason
1. BC ≅ DA 1.
2. AC bisects ∠BCD 2. Given
3. ∠BCA ≅∠DCA 3.
4. AC ≅ AC 4. Refexive
5. ∆ ABC ≅ ∆ CDA 5.
 C. Given: VR ⃦ DC
VA ≅CA
Prove: ∆ VAR ≅ ∆ DAC

Statement Reason
1. VR ⃦ DC 1.
2. VA ≅CA 2.
3. ∠V ≅∠C 3.
4. ∠VAR ≅∠DAC 4. VertIcal angles
5. ∆ VAR ≅ ∆ DAC 5.

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: The Key

What are the key points do you consider in proving congruence statements?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Lesson Proving Statements on

2 Congruent Right Triangles

What’s In

Recall that the criteria of our congruence postulates have called for three pairs of
congruent parts. The right triangle theorem such as Hypotenuse-Leg (HyL), Hypotenuse-
Acute Angle (HyA), Leg-Leg (LL), and Leg-Acute angle (LA) just call for congruence between
two parts.
You have proven statements on triangle congruence using SSS, SAS, ASA Postulate
and SAA Theorem. Now you will prove statements using the right triangle congruence
theorem.

What’s New
 Activity 1: Complete Me!
Direction: Fill in the missing statements.

A. Given: ∠D and ∠F are right angles .

AD ≅ EF ; SD ≅ LF

Statement Reason
1.∠D and∠F are right angles 1. Given
2. .∠D ≅∠F 2. Any two right angles are
congruent
3. AD ≅ EF , SD ≅ LF 3. Given

4. ∆ SAD ≅ ∆ LEF 4. SASCongruence Postulate

What Is It

Example 1 Given: MD⊥ AE

AM ≅ EM
Prove: ∆ MAD ≅ ∆ MED

Sta Reason
ement
1. MD⊥ AE 1. Given
2. AM ≅ EM 2. Given
3. ∠MDA and ∠MDE are 3. Defn. of Perpendicular
right angles
4. ∆ MAD and ∆ MED are 4. Defn. of right triangles
right triangles
5.MD≅ MD 5. Reflexive Property
6. . ∆ MAD ≅ ∆ MED 6. HL Congruence Theorem
 Example 2 Given: XY⊥YZ
ZN ⊥ YZ
Point M is the midpoint of XN
Prove:
∆ XMY ≅ ∆ NMZ

Statement Reason
1. XY⊥YZ, Example
ZN ⊥ YZ3 Given: 1. Given
∆ABD and ∆CBD are right triangle.
2. Point M is the midpoint of XN
∠ABD≅∠CBD 2. Given
3. ∠Y and ∠N are right Prove:
angles 3. Defn. of perpendicular
∆ ABD ≅ ∆CBD
4. ∆ XYMand ∆ NMZ are right 4. Defn. of right triangle
triangles
5. ∠XMY≅∠ZMN 5.Vertical angles

6. XM ≅ NM Statement 6. Defn. of midpiint Reason

1. ∆ABD and ∆CBD are right triangle. Given
7. ∆ XMY ≅ ∆ NMZ 7. HA Congruence TheoremGiven (acute angle)
2. ∠ABD≅∠CBD
´ ≅ BD
3. BD ´ Reflexive Property (leg)
4.∆ABC≅∆XYZ By LA Congruence
Theorem

What’s More
Activity 2: Fill the Missing
Directions: Supply the missing reason.

A. Given: GU⊥DB
GB ≅ GD
Prove : ∆ GUD ≅ ∆ GUB

Statement Reason
1. 1. Given
2. 2. Given
3. ∠BUG and ∠DUG are right angles 3.
4 4. Defn. of right triangle

5. GU ≅ GU 5.

6. ∆ GUD ≅ ∆ GUB 6.
 B. Given: ∆ABC and ∆DCB are right triangle
AB≅DC

Prove: ∆ ABD ≅ ∆DCB

Statements Reasons
1.. 1. Given

2. 2. Given (leg)
3. 3. Reflexive Property (leg)

4 4. LL Congruence Theorem

What I Can Do

List down different structures present within the school campus that
illustrates LL, LA, HyA and HyL Congruence theorem.
Lesson

3 Isosceles Triangle Theorem

What’s In

An isosceles triangle is a triangle that has at least two congruent sides. The
congruent sides of the isosceles triangle are called legs. The other side is the base
and the angles between the base and the congruent sides are called base angles.
This angle made by two legs of the isosceles triangle is called the vertex angle.

What’s New

Activity 1: Label and Find

1. Find the length of each side of Δ RAM , RA≃RM .

M A

2. In isosceles Δ PRO with base RO , m∠ R=4 x−15 and

m∠O=2 x +25 . Find the measures of the base angles
 Converse of Isosceles Triangle Theorem
If two angles of triangles are congruent, then the sides
opposite these angles are congruent.

What Is It

Let us prove now statements on triangle congruence applying the

different theorems and postulates on isosceles triangle.

Isosceles Triangle Theorem

If two triangles are congruent, then the angles opposite

these sides are congruent.

The following presents the proof of the Isosceles Triangle Theorem

Given: ∆ SAD
AS≅ DS
Prove: ∠A≅∠D

Since every segment has exactly one midpoint, let M be midpoint of AD So,
AM≅DM

Statements Reasons
1. ÁS≅DS 1. Given
2.SM≅SM 2. Reflexive property
3. AM≅DM 3. Def’n. of midpoint
4.∆ASM≅∆DSM 4. SSS Congruence Theorem
5. ∠A≅∠D 5.CPCTC

Given: ∆ HAM
∠A≅∠M
Prove: AH ≅ MH
Since every angle has exactly one bisector, we draw bisector of ∠H
intersecting AM at F.

Study the following examples on how to solve measure of the parts of an

isosceles triangle by applying the theorems.

1. Find the measure of the vertex angle of isosceles triangle XYZ if a base
angle measure 250.

Given: m∠Y=250 By Triangle Angle Sum Theorem

m∠Z=250 m∠X+ m∠Y+ m∠Z=1800
Find m∠X m∠X+250+250= 1800
m∠X= 1300

2. Find the measurement of m∠A, m∠B and m∠C.

By Triangle Angle Sum Theorem

m∠A+ m∠B+ m∠C=1800
6x+6+2x+12+2x+12=1800
10x+30=180
10x=180-30
10x=150
x=15

therefore,
m∠A=6x+6=6(15)+6= 960
m∠B= m∠C =2x+12= 2(15)+12=

3. Find the value of x.

7x+5=13-x
7x+x=13-5
8x=8
x=1
4. Find the value of x.

By Triangle Angle Sum Theorem

420+x0+x0=1800
2x=180-42
2x= 138
x=690

What’s More
Activity 2: The Isosceles

A. Solve the following problems.

1. Find the value of x.

a. b.

2. In isosceles ∆ ACE , with base AC, m∠A= 5x-1 and m∠C=2x+19, find the
measure of each angle of the triangle.

3. Find the length of each side of ∆ RAN ,

 What I Have Learned
What makes a triangle isosceles?
_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Activity 3: Sarangola ni Pepe

Another application of congruent triangles is on stability of your kites

Show us how triangle congruence works.
In the upcoming City Festival, there will be a kite flying. You are to
submit a certain design of kite and an instruction guide of how it operates.
The designer who can come up with a kite which can fly the longest wins a
prize. Present the mechanics on how you come up with such a design.

Summary
 To prove that two triangles, you must show that corresponding parts of
congruent triangles are congruent.

In proving triangle congruence the following postulates are needed:

 SSS Congruence Postulate
 SAS Congruence Postulate
 ASA Congruence Postulate
 AAS Congruence Theorem
For right triangle congruence, the following theorems can be considered:
 LL Congruence Theorem
 LA Congruence Theorem
 HyA Congruence Theorem
 HyL Congruence Theorem

For isosceles triangle:

Isosceles Triangle Theorem

If two sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles

opposite these sides are congruent.

Converse of Isosceles Triangle Theorem

If two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the sides

opposite these angles are congruent.
 I. Supply the missing reason.

A. Given: ∠A≅∠D, ∠1≅∠2

´ ≅ CD
Prove: AB ´

Statements Reasons
1. ∠A≅∠D, ∠1≅∠2 1. Given
2. CB≅ CB 2.
3. .∆ CAB≅ ∆ BDC 3.
´ ≅ CD
4. AB ´ 4.

B. Given: ∠R≅∠U and RT≅UT

Prove: ST≅VT

Statements Reasons
1. ∠R≅∠U and RT≅UT 1.
2. ∠RTS≅∠UTV 2.
3.∆ RTS≅ ∆ UTV 3.

4. ST≅VT 4.

C. Find the value of x.

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 Key to Answers

Pre Assessment
1. B 2. A 3. D 4.D 5.A 6. B

Lesson 1
Activity 1

Statement Reasons
1. Segment MA is perpendicular to segment Given
2. Segment MA bisects angle YBZ Given
3. Segment AM is congruent to segment AM Reflexive Property
4. Angle 1 is congruent to angle 2 If 2 lines are perpendicular; they
form congruent adjacent angles
5. Angle 3 is congruent to angle 4 Definition of angle bisector
6. Triangle AYM is congruent to triangle AZM ASA Postulate

Activity 2

A. 1. Given 3. Def. of midpoint 5. SSS

B. 1. Given 3. Def. of bisect 5. SAS
C. 1. Given 2. Given 3. Alternate Interior Angles 5. ASA

Lesson 2
Activity 1

A. Statement
1.∠D and∠F are right angles
2. .∠D ≅∠F
3. AD ≅ EF , SD ≅ LF

4. ∆ SAD ≅ ∆ LEF
Activity 2
a. b. .
Statement
1. GU⊥DB Statements

2. GB ≅ GD 1. ∆ABC and ∆DCB are right triangle.

3. ∠BUG and ∠DUG are right angles
23 2. AB≅∠DC
4. ∆ BUG and ∆ DUG are right
´ ≅CB
3. BC ´
triangles
5. GU ≅ GU 4.∆ABC≅∆XYZ
6. ∆ GUD ≅ ∆ GUB
 Lesson 3

Activity 1

1. x=8 , RM= 13, RA = 13, MA= 5

2. x= 20, . ∠R= 650 , ∠O= 650

Activity 2

1. a= 500 b= 300
Statements Reasons 2. x=11, ∠A= 410 ∠C= 410 ∠E= 980
3. RN= 13 RA = 13 MA=5
1. ∠A≅∠D, 1. Given
∠1≅∠2
Post Test
2. CB≅
a. CB 2. b.
3. .∆ CAB≅ ∆ BDC 3.
´ ≅ CD
4. AB ´ 4. Statements Reasons
1. ∠R≅∠U and RT≅UT 1.
c. x= 7 2. ∠RTS≅∠UTV 2.
3.∆ RTS≅ ∆ UTV 3.

4. ST≅VT 4.

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References

 Crisostomo, R.et.al.(2013). Our World of Math. Vibal Publishing House, Inc.

 DepEd Mathematics Learner’s Module
 Lanao Del Norte, 2019. Grade 8, Detailed Lesson Plan
 http://www.somersetkey.com/ourpages/auto/2017/12/13/63309824/geo%20ch%205%20sec
%204%20teach.pdf
 https://www.matermiddlehigh.org/ourpages/auto/2014/10/7/53628137/Practice%20Chapter
%209-12%20Test%20_2.pdf
 https://1.cdn.edl.io/hQuGqtYJ1tcluLk35C3LCrPPaUvP7cgEgoExcwNiElPqqlxM.pdf

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E-mail Address: [email protected]

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