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Governance Indicators (GPP by Asad Ejaz Butt 4th Lecture) : Voice and Accountability

This document discusses several key governance indicators used to measure good governance: 1. Voice and accountability, which refers to the ability of citizens to participate in government and freedom of expression. 2. Political stability and absence of violence, which refers to stable governments and rule of law over cultural/religious considerations. 3. Rule of law, which refers to legal systems governing transactions and ensuring access to justice for all citizens.

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Hafiz Farrukh Ishaq
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770 views3 pages

Governance Indicators (GPP by Asad Ejaz Butt 4th Lecture) : Voice and Accountability

This document discusses several key governance indicators used to measure good governance: 1. Voice and accountability, which refers to the ability of citizens to participate in government and freedom of expression. 2. Political stability and absence of violence, which refers to stable governments and rule of law over cultural/religious considerations. 3. Rule of law, which refers to legal systems governing transactions and ensuring access to justice for all citizens.

Uploaded by

Hafiz Farrukh Ishaq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Governance Indicators (GPP by Asad Ejaz Butt 4th Lecture)

“Governance is the manner in which power is exercised in the management


of a country’s economic and social resources for development” (World Bank
1992). Governance comprises the traditions and institutions by which authority is
exercised in a country. This includes:
1. The process by which government are selected monitored and replaces.
2. The capacity of the government to effectively formulate and implement
sound policies
3. The respect of citizens and the state for institutions that govern economic
and social interaction among them.
Voice and Accountability:
Under democratic societies, all citizens who are subjected to the policies and
decisions of the govt. must have a voice in making those decisions. This implies
that democracies must be participatory in nature, inviting participation from all
those impacted by the policies. Such voice should be provided without any
discrimination and prejudice of race, religion, cast and culture. The voice and
accountability indicator captures perceptions of the extent to which a country’s
citizens are able to participate in selecting their government as well as freedom of
expression, freedom of association and a free media.
Political Stability and Absence of Violence:
The law must prevail over any cultural, ethical or religious consideration.
Political stability is essential for the consistency and the continuity of Govt. policy.
As we have seen that the world have entered into an era of religious extremism and
asymmetric warfare following the events that took place in the US in September
2001 (example is the turmoil in the Muslim world). The growth and development
of states is dependent upon ensuring political stability. However political stability
and absence of violence cannot be achieved if the law is not respected and
effectively implemented. (You can quote examples of political instability in
Pakistan during 2014, 2017 and 2019 with respect to their impact on economic
growth)
Rule of Law
Transaction between people and those between the people and the state;
i) must be governed by law
ii) must happened under the auspices of law
iii) within the limitations of the law.
The legal consideration especially in matters of public policy formulation and
implementation must supersede any cultural, ethical and social consideration. The
idea of good governance must therefore include free and easy access to justice as a
precursor to rule of law. This means that the supremacy of law is incomplete if
those who are the subject of the law and its ultimate beneficiaries do not have
access to it. Rule of law is the extent to which agents have confidence and abide by
the rules of society and in particular quality of contract enforcement, property
rights, the police, and the courts as well as the likelihood of crime and violence that
are interdependent.
Government Effectiveness:
Government must design programs and implement programs and policies in
a way that their results match with their objective. Quit often at the policy or
program analysis and evaluation stages it might be discovered at the program’s or
the policy’s results or outputs are not matching its objectives then it is either a case
of a design fault or implementation fault. An effective govt. is one whose programs
and policies meet their desired goals and objectives by using the least amount of
human and financial recourses. This means that the govt. is not only operating
effectively but also efficiently (recourse use efficiency). “Government
effectiveness captures perceptions of the quality of public services, the quality of
the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the
quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the
government's commitment to such policies” (World Bank).
Regulatory Authorities and their Quality:
Regulations are guidelines on how an individual or an institution should
function. So regulations basically governed circumscribe the administrative and
financial working of an institution. Institutional development strengthening and
quality depends on effective regulations. It is important to note here that many
developed countries of the world who also fare well on good governance have
capitalist economic systems that provide for a free private enterprise. So the
dominant trend in these countries is to favor deregulations as oppose to regulations.
“Regulatory Quality captures perceptions of the ability of the government to
formulate and implement sound policies andregulations that permit and promote
private sector development” (World Bank).

Control of Corruption:
Control of corruption is the extent to which public power is exercised for
private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as
capture of the state by elite and private interests.

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