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Formulae For Mhrm510: Descriptive Statistics

The document provides formulae for various descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and the chi-squared test. It includes formulae for calculating the mean, variance, standard deviation, median, mode, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, linear regression coefficients, z-scores, t-statistics, and the chi-squared test statistic.

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Don Rayburn Pilan
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536 views3 pages

Formulae For Mhrm510: Descriptive Statistics

The document provides formulae for various descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and the chi-squared test. It includes formulae for calculating the mean, variance, standard deviation, median, mode, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, linear regression coefficients, z-scores, t-statistics, and the chi-squared test statistic.

Uploaded by

Don Rayburn Pilan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FORMULAE 

FOR MHRM510

Descriptive Statistics
Mean for Ungrouped Data

1
x =
n
∑x

Variance For Ungrouped Data 

1 2
S 2= ∑  x −x 
n−1

Standard Deviation for Ungrouped Data

S=
 1
n−1
∑  x −x 
2

Median for Ungrouped Data
th
The median is the 
  n+1
2
observation if the numbers are arranged in either ascending or 

discending order.

Mean for Grouped Data
1
x = ∑ fx
n
where: f represents frequency of the respective class

Variance for Gropued Data
1 2
S 2= ∑ f  x− 
x
n−1

Standard Deviation for Grouped Data

S=
 1
n−1
∑ f  x− x 
2

Median for Grouped Data

Median=X med 
n
c −F m−1
2  
f med

where: Xmed = lower limit of the median class
       c = class width
       fmed = frequency of the median class
      Fm­1 = cumulative frequency before the median class
       n = sample size
Mode for Gruped Data

c  f m − f m−1 
Mode=X mod 
2f m − f m−1− f m+ 1
Xmod is the lower limit of the modal class
c is the class width
fm is the frequency of the modal class
fm­1 is the frequency of the class preceding modal class
fm+1 is the frequency of the class just after the modal class

Correlation
Pearsonian Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (rp)

r p=
∑  x −x   y−y 
∑  x− x 2 ∑  y− y  2
Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient (rs)

6  ∑ d 2
r s =1−
n  n 2 −1 

Regression Coefficients

The general linear regression equation taking the form Y = a + bx has coeffients calculated as:

Slope of the regression equation

b=
∑  x− x  y− y 
2
∑  x −x 
Intercept of the regression equation
a= y −b x

Standard Normal Distribution
The Z­Score transformation that can be used for the calculation of probabilities, assuming the 
validity of the central limit theorem is as follows:
x− μ
z=
δ
where: δ is the standard deviation and
μ is the mean.

Hypothesis Test for The Mean

Small sample case
The small sample case applies the t­statistic calculated as:
x −μ
t c=
s / n
 The large sample case applies the z­score statistic calculated as:
x −μ
z c=
s / n

Chi­Sqaured Test

Expected count (E) is determined as:

rowtotal∗columntotal
E=
sample

The chi­squared test statistic is:
2
2 ∑  O−E 
X c=
E
where: O is the observed count and 
  E is the expected count

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