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Vector Multiplication

The document discusses the scalar and vector products of vectors. It defines the scalar product as A ∙ B = ABcosθ and shows that for unit vectors, i ∙ i = j ∙ j = k ∙ k = 1 and i ∙ j = j ∙ k = i ∙ k = 0. It also defines the vector product as A × B = (AyBz - AzBy)i + (AzBx - AxBz)j + (AxBy - AyBx)k and provides examples of calculating scalar and vector products of vectors.

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moy balgos
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58 views11 pages

Vector Multiplication

The document discusses the scalar and vector products of vectors. It defines the scalar product as A ∙ B = ABcosθ and shows that for unit vectors, i ∙ i = j ∙ j = k ∙ k = 1 and i ∙ j = j ∙ k = i ∙ k = 0. It also defines the vector product as A × B = (AyBz - AzBy)i + (AzBx - AxBz)j + (AxBy - AyBx)k and provides examples of calculating scalar and vector products of vectors.

Uploaded by

moy balgos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The scalar product is denoted by 𝑨 ∙ 𝑩.

In equation, it is expressed as

𝑨 ∙ 𝑩 = 𝐴𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
For unit vectors,

𝑖Ƹ ∙ 𝑖Ƹ = 𝑗Ƹ ∙ 𝑗Ƹ = 𝑘෠ ∙ 𝑘෠ = 1 1 cos 00 = 1
𝑖Ƹ ∙ 𝑗Ƹ = 𝑗Ƹ ∙ 𝑘෠ = 𝑖Ƹ ∙ 𝑘෠ = 1 1 cos 900 = 0

Thus,
𝑨 ∙ 𝑩 = 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑧
Sample Problem 1
Find the scalar product 𝑨 ∙ 𝑩 of the two vectors
in the figure whose magnitudes are A = 4.00 and
B = 5.00.

𝑨 ∙ 𝑩 = 𝐴𝐵 cos 𝜃
𝑨 ∙ 𝑩 = (4.00)(5.00) cos 77°
𝑨 ∙ 𝑩 = (4.00)(5.00) cos 77°
𝑨 ∙ 𝑩 = 4.50
Sample Problem 2
(a) Calculate the product of the two vectors and (b) determine the angle
between them
𝑨 = (2.0𝑖Ƹ + 3.0𝑗Ƹ + 𝑘) ෠ and 𝑩 = (−4.0𝑖Ƹ + 4.0𝑗Ƹ − 𝑘) ෠
(b) 𝑨 ∙ 𝑩 = 𝐴𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
(a) 𝑨 ∙ 𝑩 = 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑧
𝐴= 2.02 + 3.02 + 1.02 = 14 = 3.74
𝑨 ∙ 𝑩 = (2.0)(−4.0) + (3.0)(4.0) + (1)(−1)
𝐵= (−4.0)2 +4.02 + (−1)2 = 33 = 5.74
𝑨 ∙ 𝑩 = −8.0 + 12.0 − 1 3 = (3.74)(5.74)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑨∙𝑩=𝟑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
3
→
3
𝜃 = cos −1 (3.74)(5.74)
(3.74)(5.74)

𝜃 = 81.97°
The vector product is denoted by 𝑨 × 𝑩.
In equation, it is expressed as

𝜃
𝑨 × 𝑩 = 𝐴𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑨 = 𝐴𝑥 𝑖Ƹ + 𝐴𝑦 𝑗Ƹ + 𝐴𝑧 𝑘෠
𝑩 = 𝐵𝑥 𝑖Ƹ + 𝐵𝑦 𝑗Ƹ + 𝐵𝑧 𝑘෠ 𝑗Ƹ 𝑘෠
෠ + 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑥 𝑗Ƹ × 𝑖Ƹ +𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑦 𝑗Ƹ × 𝑗Ƹ
𝑨 × 𝑩 = 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑥 (𝑖Ƹ × 𝑖)Ƹ + 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑦 (𝑖Ƹ × 𝑗)Ƹ + 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑧 (𝑖Ƹ × 𝑘)
+𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑧 𝑗Ƹ × 𝑘෠ +𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑥 𝑘෠ × 𝑖Ƹ + 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑦 𝑘෠ × 𝑗Ƹ + 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑧 (𝑘෠ × 𝑘) ෠

For unit vectors,


𝑖Ƹ × 𝑖Ƹ = 𝑗Ƹ × 𝑗Ƹ = 𝑘෠ × 𝑘෠ = sin 00 = 0
𝑖Ƹ × 𝑗Ƹ = 𝑗Ƹ × 𝑘෠ = 𝑖Ƹ × 𝑘෠ = sin 900 = 1

෠ + 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑧 (−𝑗)Ƹ + 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑥 −𝑘෠ + 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑧 𝑖Ƹ +𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑥 𝑗Ƹ + 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑦 −𝑖Ƹ


𝑨 × 𝑩 = 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑦 (𝑘)
𝑨 × 𝑩 = 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑦 𝑘෠ − 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑧 𝑗Ƹ − 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑥 𝑘෠ + 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑧 𝑖Ƹ + 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑥 𝑗Ƹ − 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑦 𝑖Ƹ 𝑖Ƹ

𝑨 × 𝑩 = (𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑧 − 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑦 )𝑖Ƹ + (𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑥 − 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑧 )𝑗Ƹ + (𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑦 − 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑥 )𝑘෠


𝑨 × 𝑩 = (𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑧 − 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑦 )𝑖Ƹ + (𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑥 − 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑧 )𝑗Ƹ + (𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑦 − 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑥 )𝑘෠
Sample Problem
Find a vector which is perpendicular to both 𝒖 = 𝟑, 𝟎, 𝟐 and 𝒗 = 𝟏, 𝟏, 𝟏 .
𝒖 = 3𝑖Ƹ + 0𝑗Ƹ + 4𝑘෠ 𝒗 = 1𝑖Ƹ + 1𝑗Ƹ + 1𝑘෠

𝒖 × 𝒗 = (𝑢𝑦 𝑣𝑧 − 𝑢𝑧 𝑣𝑦 )𝑖Ƹ + (𝑢𝑧 𝑣𝑥 − 𝑢𝑥 𝑣𝑧 )𝑗Ƹ + (𝑢𝑥 𝑣𝑦 − 𝑢𝑦 𝑣𝑥 )𝑘෠

𝒖×𝒗= 0 1 − 2 1 𝑖Ƹ + 2 1 − 3 1 𝑗Ƹ + [ 3 1 − 0 1 ]𝑘෠
𝒖 × 𝒗 = (0 − 2)𝑖Ƹ + (2 − 3) 𝑗Ƹ + (3 − 0)𝑘෠

𝒖 × 𝒗 = −2𝑖Ƹ + (−1)𝑗Ƹ + 3𝑘෠

𝒖 × 𝒗 = −2𝑖Ƹ − 𝑗Ƹ + 3𝑘෠
Sample Problem
Find a vector which is perpendicular to both 𝒂 = 3𝑖Ƹ + 5𝑗Ƹ − 7𝑘෠ and
𝒃 = 2𝑖Ƹ − 6𝑗Ƹ + 4𝑘. ෠

𝒂 × 𝒃 = (𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑧 − 𝑎𝑧 𝑏𝑦 )𝑖Ƹ + (𝑎𝑧 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑧 )𝑗Ƹ + (𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑦 − 𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑥 )𝑘෠

𝒂×𝒃= 5 4 − −7 −6 𝑖Ƹ + −7 2 − 3 4 𝑗Ƹ + [ 3 −6 − 5 3 ]𝑘෠

𝒂 × 𝒃 = (20 − 42)𝑖Ƹ + (−14 − 12)𝑗Ƹ + (−18 − 15)𝑘෠


𝒂 × 𝒃 = −22𝑖Ƹ − 26𝑗Ƹ − 33𝑘෠
𝑨 × 𝑩 ∙ 𝑪 = (𝑨 × 𝑩 ) ∙ 𝑪
෠ ∙ [𝐶𝑥 𝑖Ƹ + 𝐶𝑦 𝑗Ƹ + 𝐶𝑧 𝑘]
𝑨 × 𝑩 ∙ 𝑪 = [(𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑧 − 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑦 )𝑖Ƹ + (𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑥 − 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑧 )𝑗Ƹ + (𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑦 − 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑥 )𝑘] ෠

𝑨 × 𝑩 ∙ 𝑪 = (𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑧 − 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑦 )𝐶𝑥 + (𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑥 − 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑧 )𝐶𝑦 + (𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑦 − 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑥 ) 𝐶𝑧

𝑨 = 𝐴𝑥 𝑖Ƹ + 𝐴𝑦 𝑗Ƹ + 𝐴𝑧 𝑘෠
𝑩 = 𝐵𝑥 𝑖Ƹ + 𝐵𝑦 𝑗Ƹ + 𝐵𝑧 𝑘෠
𝑪 = 𝐶𝑥 𝑖Ƹ + 𝐶𝑦 𝑗Ƹ + 𝐶𝑧 𝑘෠
𝑨 × 𝑩 = (𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑧 − 𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑦 )𝑖Ƹ + (𝐴𝑧 𝐵𝑥 − 𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑧 )𝑗Ƹ + (𝐴𝑥 𝐵𝑦 − 𝐴𝑦 𝐵𝑥 )𝑘෠
Sample Problem
Find the scalar triple product of vectors:
𝑎Ԧ = 1, 2, 3 , 𝑏 = 1, 1, 1 , and 𝑐Ԧ = 1, 2, 1 .
𝒂 × 𝒃 ∙ 𝒄 = (𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑧 − 𝑎𝑧 𝑏𝑦 )𝑐𝑥 + (𝑎𝑧 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑧 )𝑐𝑦 + (𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑦 − 𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑥 ) 𝑐𝑧

𝒂 ×𝒃 ∙𝒄 = 2 1 − 3 1 1 + 3 1 − 1 1 2 + [ 1 1 − 2 1 ](1)

𝒂 × 𝒃 ∙ 𝒄 = (2 − 3) 1 + (3 − 1) 2 + (1 − 2)(1)

𝒂 × 𝒃 ∙ 𝒄 = (−1) 1 + (2) 2 + (−1)(1)

𝒂 × 𝒃 ∙ 𝒄 = −1 + 4 − 1 = 2

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