Construction: Coaxial Cable

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Coaxial Cable

Coaxial cable is comprised of an inner core, insulator, shield, and outer cover. It is
called coaxial because these sections all share the same axis. There are many
different types of coaxial cable, each one with different physical and electronic
properties designed for specific tasks. It is commonly used for carrying
cable televisionsignals along suburban streets and into homes.

Construction
The inner core of regular coaxial cable is usually
solid copper between one and two millimeters
thick, but some types use wire strands for
improved flexibility. The dielectric insulator is
either foam, solid plastic, or an air gap created by
plastic spacers. The shielding is usually made
from copper braid and completely surrounds the
insulator layer. It is usually braided to provide
flexibility but it can also be made from aluminum
film. Finally, the shielding is covered by a thin plastic layer for protection.

How Coaxial Cable It Works


Coaxial cable is more like an antenna than a regular cable because it carries an
electromagnetic wave between the inner core and the shielding. It has superior
signal quality because the shielding mostly prevents interference from reaching the
signal. Coaxial connectors are designed to have the same impedance as the cable
and to maintain its shielding. The main connector types are the BNC connector used
for computer networking, and the F connector used for cable television. Cable
terminators are closed connectors that are placed on all open ends of a coaxial
cable network to minimize signal loss and interference.

Why Use Coaxial Cable?


Coaxial cable has many advantages over twisted-pair cable but also a few
disadvantages. It has a large frequency range which allows it to carry multiple
signals, making it ideal for carrying many cable television broadcasts. Each channel
also has greater bandwidth that allows for high definition video. The shielding
reduces crosstalk and other interference, allowing for greater cable lengths between
amplifiers. However, coaxial cable is more expensive to install, and it uses a
network topology that is prone to congestion.

Applications
Coaxial cable is used to carry television signals and connect video equipment
together. It is also used to carry radio signals and connect receivers, transmitters,
and antennas together. Short lengths of coaxial cables are also used for connecting
devices with test equipment, like signal generators. Coaxial cable was once widely
used for connecting computer in local area networks (LANs) but has been replaced
by twisted-pair cable. However, cable broadband remains popular and uses the
same coaxial cable that cable television uses. Most coaxial cable networks will
eventually be replaced by superior fiber optic networks.

Source: http://www.tech-faq.com/coaxial-cable.html

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