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Selecting and Organizing Info.

This document discusses properties of well-written text, including coherence, repetition of key words, and parallelism. Coherence is achieved through transitional words and phrases, repeating important ideas, and parallel structure. Transitional words help show relationships between ideas and smooth the flow. Key words and their synonyms should be repeated to clarify ideas. Parallelism creates equal grammatical structure to clearly express ideas in a series. Unity within a paragraph is also important, with related sentences organized around a central topic.

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Char Layi
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214 views2 pages

Selecting and Organizing Info.

This document discusses properties of well-written text, including coherence, repetition of key words, and parallelism. Coherence is achieved through transitional words and phrases, repeating important ideas, and parallel structure. Transitional words help show relationships between ideas and smooth the flow. Key words and their synonyms should be repeated to clarify ideas. Parallelism creates equal grammatical structure to clearly express ideas in a series. Unity within a paragraph is also important, with related sentences organized around a central topic.

Uploaded by

Char Layi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Competency 2.

Selecting and Organizing Information

Competency 4. Properties of a Well-written Text


1. COHERENCE/COHESION
Coherence is the unifying elements in a text and discourse. It is about how ideas
in a sentence are arranged and are connected so that the information or points are
properly understood. Likewise it is about how smooth the ideas are, and how easily are
readers able to follow from one thought to another. The absence of coherence in a
discourse forces the reader (in a piece of writing) to stop and read back or the listener
( in a conversation) to stop and clarify. .
For example:
Please speak softly so that John may hear you.
Analysis: Should you speak softly so that you may be heard? Something is
wrong in this sentence , right? . The transitional word that is used to connect the idea is
wrong. Study the sentences below.

Please speak softly or John may hear you.


Please speak softly so that John may not hear you.
Please speak softly for John may hear you.

To achieve coherent in writing, three basic considerations can be used: The use of
transitional words and phrases to show relationships, repeating key words and phrases
and using parallel form. Transitional words and phrases signal the relationship between
words in the sentences. Simple connectives such as for, and, or, nor, but, yet, so make
the flow of ideas in a sentence or paragraph smooth.
Transitional Words and Phrases:
Transitional words and phrases, known as signal words/phrases, lead the reader’s
attention to the right direction. These built-in signals show the connection between
words in a sentence and between sentences in a paragraph.
Here are some useful transitions that you can use in your writing:
1. To give example: for example, for instance, in fact, indeed, to illustrate
2. To compare: also, likewise, similarly, in the same way, at the same time, in the same
manner.
3. To contrast: although, and yet, at the same time, but, despite, even though, despite
of, inspite of, nevertheless, in contrary, on the other hand, even though, though,
however, notwithstanding, otherwise, conversely, still.
4. To show addition: and, also, again, in addition, furthermore, moreover, likewise,
similarly, too, in like manner, beside.
5. To show place or duration: above, below, beneath, beyond, farther, here
6. To summarize: in other words, in short, in summary, to sum up, all in all
7. To show time: after, before, during, finally, afterward, next, since, then, until, while,
immediately, later, as soon as, finally, then, eventually, at the same time, meanwhile, in
a few minutes, within an hour.
8. To indicate logical relationship: because, therefore, thus, for this reason, hence, if,
otherwise, as a result, accordingly.
9. To indicate order: next, in the second place, to begin with, first, second, finally, in
conclusion.
10. To show space relation: to the right, in the distance, straight ahead, up above.
11. To indicate a consequence or a conclusion: hence, consequently, thus, so, for
this reason, therefore, as a result.
12. To indicate repetition of one idea: briefly, that is to say, in fact.

b. Repetition of key words or their synonyms


To achieve coherence, the writer repeats the key words or phrases or their
synonyms to clarify the important ideas in the reader’s mind. In a well-focused
paragraph, the same key word, as well as its synonyms, may come up several times.
Example:
I have always looked at life as an exciting adventure. Ever since I was a boy, life
has held a great excitement for me. I have been full of dreams. Dreams of living my
country to go abroad, to the mysterious East. Dreams of doing great things for mankind
for mankind and making a name for myself. Dreams of achieving anything that is
meaningful and worthwhile. (Garon, as cited in Dgadag et al., 2010).

c. Parallelism
Parallelism shows equal grammatical structure or pattern to clearly express ideas
which are given in a series. Study the sentences below to learn how to balance words,
phrases and clauses in sentences.

1. Balanced use of words (verb, adverb, adjective)


Faulty Parallelism: My friend is honest, sincere, and possesses humility.
Parallel/Revised: My friend is honest, sincere and humble.

2. Balanced use of phrases


Faulty Parallelism: Seing a ghost is to believe in ghosts.
Parallel/Revised: Seing a ghost is believing in ghost.

3. Balanced use of clauses


Faulty Parallelism: The applicant was told that he got the job and to start the
next year.
Parallel/Revised: The applicant was told that he got the job and that he could
start the next day.

2. Unity
A paragraph is a unit of thought made up of related sentences organized around
a central topic called topic sentence.

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