Uncorrected proof, all content subject to change at publisher discretion. Not for resale, circulation or distribution in whole or in part.

©Pearson 2018

H i g
REVISE

h e
SA

r
M
PEARSON EDEXCEL

GUIDE
PL
Mathematics A
REVISION
INTERNATIONAL GCSE (9–1)

E
 Contents
Uncorrected proof, all content subject to change at publisher discretion. Not for resale, circulation or distribution in whole or in part. ©Pearson 2018

NUMBER 44 Turning points 87 Similar shapes 1

1 Factors and primes 45 Quadratic inequalities 88 Similar shapes 2
2 Indices 1 46 Gradients of curves 89 The sine rule
3 Indices 2 47 Proportion and graphs
90 The cosine rule
4 Calculator skills 1 48 Proportionality formulae
91 Triangles and segments
5 Fractions 49 Harder relationships
6 Decimals 50 Rearranging formulae 92 Pythagoras in 3D
7 Recurring decimals 51 Sequences and series 93 Trigonometry in 3D
8 Surds 1 52 Algebraic fractions 94 Circle facts
9 Calculator skills 2 53 Quadratics and fractions

E
95 Intersecting chords
10 Ratio 54 Surds 2
96 Circle theorems
11 Proportion 55 Functions
97 Vectors
12 Percentage change 56 Composite functions
98 Vector proof
13 Reverse percentages 57 Inverse functions
14 Repeated percentage change 58 Differentiation 99 Problem-solving practice 1
15
16
17
18

ALGEBRA
19
20
21
22
PL
Upper and lower bounds
Standard form
Problem-solving practice 1
Problem-solving practice 2

Algebraic expressions
Expanding brackets
Factorising
Linear equations 1
59
60
61
62
63
64
Gradients and calculus
Turning points and calculus
Kinematics
Algebraic proof
Problem-solving practice 1
Problem-solving practice 2

GEOMETRY AND MEASURES

65
66
Speed
Density
100 Problem-solving practice 2

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

101 Mean, median and mode
102 Frequency table averages
103 Interquartile range
104 Cumulative frequency
105 Histograms
106 Probability
23 Linear equations 2 67 Other compound measures 107 Relative frequency
M
24 Formulae 68 Angle properties 108 Set notation
25 Arithmetic sequences 69 Solving angle problems
109 Venn diagrams
26 Straight-line graphs 1 70 Angles in polygons
110 Probability and sets
27 Straight-line graphs 2 71 Perimeter and area
28 Parallel and perpendicular 72 Units of area and volume 111 Conditional probability
29 Quadratic graphs 73 Prisms 112 Tree diagrams
30 Cubic and reciprocal graphs 74 Circles and cylinders 113 Problem-solving practice 1
SA

31 Rates of change 75 Sectors of circles 114 Problem-solving practice 2

32 Quadratic equations 76 Pythagoras’ theorem
33 The quadratic formula 115 FORMULAE SHEET
77 Trigonometry 1
34 Completing the square 78 Trigonometry 2 116 ANSWERS
35 Simultaneous equations 1 79 Volumes of 3D shapes
36 Simultaneous equations 2 80 Surface area
37 Inequalities A small bit of small print
81 Translations, reflections and
Edexcel publishes Sample Assessment
38 Trigonometric graphs rotations
Material and the Specification on its
39 Transforming graphs 1 82 Enlargements website. This is the official content and
40 Transforming graphs 2 83 Combining transformations this book should be used in conjunction
with it. The questions in Now try this have
41 Inequalities on graphs 84 Bearings
been written to help you practise every
42 Sketching graphs 85 Scale drawings and maps topic in the book. Remember: the real
43 Using quadratic graphs 86 Constructions exam questions may not look like this.

F01_EDHM_RG_GCSE_8090_i-ii.indd 2 12/7/18 8:25 PM

 Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! NUMBER

Factors and primes

Uncorrected proof, all content subject to change at publisher discretion. Not for resale, circulation or distribution in whole or in part. ©Pearson 2018

The factors of a number are any numbers that divide into it exactly. A prime number has
exactly two factors. The prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 and so on.

Prime factors 84

If a number is a factor of another Remember to circle the

prime factors as you 2 42
number and it is a prime number then go along. The order
it is called a prime factor. You use a doesn’t matter. 6 7
factor tree to find prime factors.
3 2
84  2  2  3  7 Remember to put in the multiplication signs.

E
 22  3  7 This is called a product of prime factors.

The highest common factor (HCF) of two The lowest common multiple (LCM) of two
numbers is the highest number that is a numbers is the lowest number that is a
factor of both numbers. multiple of both numbers.

PL
(a) Write 108 as the product of its
prime factors. Give your answer
in index form.
108
(3 marks)
Draw a factor tree. Continue until every
branch ends with a prime number. This
question asks you to write your answer in
index form. This means you need to use
powers to say how many times each prime
number occurs in the product.
Check it!
22  33  4  27  108 ✓
2 54
M
6 9 To find the HCF, circle all the prim
e numbers
which are common to both produc
2 3 3 3 ts of prime
factors. 2 appears twice in both pro
ducts so
108  2  2  3  3  3  22  33 you have to circle it twice. Multiply
the circled
numbers together to find the HCF
(b) Work out the highest common factor .
(HCF) of 108 and 24. (2 marks)
108  2  2  3  3  3
SA

24  2  2  2  3 To find the LCM multiply the HCF by each

HCF is 2  2  3  12 unshared prime from part (b).
(c) Work out the lowest common multiple
(LCM) of 108 and 24. (2 marks) You can use numbers given in index form dire
ctly:
LCM  12  3  3  2  216 HCF: Choose the lowest power of each prim
e
LCM: Choose the highest power of each prim
e.

1 (a) Express 980 as a product of its prime 2 X  2  35  72 Y  32  5  7

factors. (3 marks) (a) Find the highest common factor
(b) Find the highest common factor (HCF) of (HCF) of X and Y. (2 marks)
980 and 56. (2 marks) (b) Find the lowest common multiple
(LCM) of X and Y. (2 marks)

M01_EDHM_RG_GCSE_8090_001-010.indd 1 12/7/18 12:28 PM

 Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! ALGEBRA

Algebraic expressions
Uncorrected proof, all content subject to change at publisher discretion. Not for resale, circulation or distribution in whole or in part. ©Pearson 2018

You need to be able to work with algebraic expressions confidently. For a reminder about
using the index laws with numbers have a look at pages 2 and 3.
You can use the You can square or Algebraic expressions
1 index laws to
simplify algebraic
2 cube a whole
expression.
3 may also contain
negative and fractional
expressions. indices.
(4x 3y)2  (4)2  (x 3)2  (y)2
1
a m  an  a m + n  16x 6y 2 am  ___m
You need to a
x 4  x 3  x4  3  x 7 1
(c 2)−3  c 2  −3  c −6  ___
16  (4)2 square everything c 6
am
___

E
__
 am  n inside the _1
an (x 3)2  x 3  2  x 6 brackets.
a n  n√a
m 8 ÷ m 2  m 8 − 2  m6 __
1 __
1
(8p3) 3  (8) 3  (p 3) 3
__
1

Remember that if a letter __

(a m)n  a mn appears on its own then it
3
 √8  p3  3
__
1

(n 2)4  n 2  4  n 8 has the power 1.  2p

PL
One at a time
When you are multiplying expressions:
1. Multiply any number parts first.
2. Add the powers of each letter to
work out the new power.
6p 2q  3p 3q 2  18p 5q 3
6  3  18
p2  p3  p2  3  p5
When you are dividing expressions:
1. Divide any number parts first.
2. Subtract the powers of each letter to
work out the new power.
12  3  4

12a 5b 3
_______
3a 2b 2
 4a 3b
b3  b2  b3 2  b

a5  a2  a5 2  a3
q  q2  q1  2  q3
M
(a) This is four lots of m2, so you write it
as 4 x m2 or 4m2
Simplify fully (b) Use (a m)n  a mn
(a) m2 + m2 + m2 + m2 (1 mark) (c) Start by simplifying the top part of the
4m 2 fraction. Do the number part first then
SA

the powers. Use a m  a n  a

mn
(b) (x3)3 (1 mark)
x9 Next divide the expressions. Divide
4y2  3y7
(c) ________ (2 marks) the number part, then divide the
6y
4y 2  3y 7 12y 9 am
___
___________
 _____  2y 8 indices using a n  a m  n
6y 6y
Worked
solution
video

_1
1 Simplify (h2)6 (1 mark) 3 (a) Simplify (16p10)2 (2 marks)
Aiming _1
2 Simplify fully higher (b) Simplify (64x9y2)−3 (2 marks)
(a) (2a5 b)4 (2 marks)
(b) 5x 4y 2  3x 3y7 (2 marks) Apply the power outside the
(c) 18d 8g10  6d 2g5 (2 marks) brackets to everything inside the
brackets.

19

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 GEOMETRY
Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! & MEASURES

Speed
Uncorrected proof, all content subject to change at publisher discretion. Not for resale, circulation or distribution in whole or in part. ©Pearson 2018

This is the formula triangle for speed.

Using a formula triangle
Distance Cover up the quantity you want to find
Average D with your finger.
speed Time
S T
D
The position of the
total distance travelled
______________________ other two quantities
Average speed  S T
total time taken
tells you the formula.
distance
Time  ______________ LEARN IT!
average speed D D
T  __ S  __

E
DST
Distance  average speed  time S T

Units Minutes and hours

The most common units of speed are: For questions on speed, you need to be able
• metres per second: m / s

PL
• kilometres per hour: km / h
• miles per hour: mph.
To convert between measures of speed
you need to convert one unit first then the
other. Write the new units at each step of
your working. To convert 72 km/h into m/s:
72 km/h → 72  1000  72 000 m/h
72 000 m/h → 72 000  3600  20 m/s
to convert between minutes and hours.
Remember there are 60 minutes in 1 hour.
To convert from minutes to hours you divide
by 60.

by 60.
24
24 minutes  0.4 hours ___  __ 2
60
 0.4

0.2 hours  12 minutes 3.2  60  192

3.2 hours  3 hours 12 minutes
5
To convert from hours to minutes you multiply

1 hour  60  60  3600 seconds

M
Speed checklist
Draw formula triangle.
The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately Make sure units match.
1.08 × 109 km/h.
Give units with answer.
Light from the Sun takes approximately
8 minutes and 15 seconds to travel to Earth.
If you’re answering questions involving
SA

Estimate the distance from the Earth to speed, distance and time you must always
the Sun. (3 marks)
make sure that the units match. Speed is
given in km/h here, so convert the time
D
into hours before calculating.
S T
8.25
8 mins 15 secs = 8.25 mins = _____
60
= 0.1375 hours
D=S×T Rosa lives in Durham and works in Newcastle.
She takes the train to work every day.
= 1.08 × 109 × 0.1375
= 1.485 × 108 km Last Tuesday her train journey to work took
12 minutes, at an average speed of 108 km/h.
Her journey home from work took
Be careful with the units. You need to 15 minutes.
convert 12 minutes and 15 minutes into Calculate Rosa’s average speed on her
hours before doing your calculations. journey home. (3 marks)

65

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 PROBABILITY
Had a look Nearly there Nailed it! & STATISTICS

Mean, median and mode

Uncorrected proof, all content subject to change at publisher discretion. Not for resale, circulation or distribution in whole or in part. ©Pearson 2018

You can analyse data by calculating statistics like the mean, median and mode.
Mean Median Mode
Write the
Add up all the Write the up all the
Look
Add Look in order of
values
Look v
values values
for inthe
order
most of
values forsize,
the most
smallest first
for the most s
size, smallest
commonfirst common
common value
One value All values One value value All values
ue value All values with highest have same with highest have same
est Dividehave
by same
the frequency MoreDivide
than by thefrequency frequency More than frequency
cy frequencyof
More than total number one value
one value
total
with highest
number of one value
Count the
This value is with highest
with highest values Count thevalues There
frequency is no This value is
number ofThere is no
ue is There is no the mode mode
frequency
frequency number of the mode mode Even

E
ode mode Odd values Odd
Odd values Even number number number
number number of values of values
Do not round These values are of values These values are of values
These values are of values Do not round
all modes all modes The median is
all modes your answer your answer The median is
The median is
The median is half-way betweenThe median
half-way between the middle value the middle va
the middle value the two middle values
the two middle values

PL
Kayla has eight numbered cards.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
She removes two cards. The mean
value of the remaining cards is 4.
You can work out the sum of the
cards using this formula:
Sum of values  mean  number
Subtract this sum from the sum of
6 remaining

of values

cards. This tells you the sum of the

Kayla removed. The removed cards
all 8
2 cards
were
Which two cards could Kayla have either 5 and 7 or 8 and 4.
M
removed? Give one possible answer. Check it!
ng 6 cards.
(4 marks) Work out the mean of the remaini
6  4  24
12345678 Which average works best?
 36
36  24  12
Mean Uses all the data
Affected by
The removed cards add up to 12 so extreme values
SA

Kayla could have removed 7 and 5 Median Not affected by May not be one
Check: extreme values of the values
1_______________________
23468 Mode Suitable for Not always
 4✓ data that can be near the middle
6
described in words of the data

by
Make sure you check your answer
n.
calculating the new mean and media
Takeshi scored these marks out of 20 in six Remember that the median is not
maths tests. affected by extreme values.
11 9 5 13 15 12
How many marks must he score in the next test so that his new mean mark and his new median
mark are the same as each other? (3 marks)

101

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