SMART ENTRY PARKING SYSTEM (SEPS)

NIK ABDURRAHMAN IZZUDDIN B NIK ISMAIL

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(NETWORK SECURITY)
UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2018
 SMART ENTRY PARKING SYSTEM (SEPS)

NIK ABDURRAHMAN IZZUDDIN B NIK ISMAIL

Bachelor of Computer Science (Network Security)

Faculty of Informatics and Computing

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia

MAY 2018
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations

and citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been

previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal

Abidin or other institutions.

________________________________

Name : ..................................................

Date : ..................................................

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 CONFIRMATION

This is to confirm that:

The research conducted and the writing of this report was under my supervison.

________________________________

Name : ..................................................

Date : ..................................................

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 DEDICATION

Praise be upon Allah, the Almighty, I would like to express my gratitude and

appreciation to all those gave me the possibility to complete this report. A special

thanks to my final year project supervisor, Professor Madya Dr Fatma Susilawati

Mohamad, whose help, stimulating suggestion and encouragement, helped me to

coordinate my project especially in writing this project. I would also like

acknowledgement with much appreciation the crucial role of the lecturer, who gave

guidance to create a design the system architecture and project framework as well.

Last but not least, many thanks go to my beloved mother and father, who have given

their full effort in encouraged me in achieving the goal of this project. Hopefully, this

is not last chance to me to gain knowledge in this field and spread it to the others.

InshaAllah.

Thank You.

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 ABSTRACT

Now days, the increasing of cars usage is growing rapidly, and also the system of the

parking lots must be upgrade to be more systematic and efficient to the users. This

project present a simple model of parking congestion which focuses on parking lot

search for a vacant parking space in a parking lots, and this project can be used to

identify both quantity and location of available area in a car park. The problem

statement in this project is difficult for user to find parking with so many vehicles

around and it consume a lot of their current condition with the use of many vehicles

which wasting a lot of their time. Besides, manual parking system is not systematic

because user do not know where the exact the empty parking spaces are. In addition,

not all the parking system display how many parking spaces available. Objective of

this project is to design a systematic “Smart Entry Parking System” which have

connection between devices (to display available parking lot) and system centre (user

to choose the parking lot), to develop the “Smart Entry parking” in order to solve the

problem of finding available parking space and to test and evaluate the effectiveness

of “Smart Entry Parking System” by applying Schedule algorithm. The scope in this

project is User can check the availability of parking space and can make choice

parking spot based on Web-based system. Connection between Web-based system and

Arduino is to inform the availability of parking lot by display it in websites. The

outcomes of the system will be a systematic and efficient system that can give a lots of

benefit to user.
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 ABSTRAK

Kini, penggunaan kereta semakin meningkat dari masa ke semasa, dan sistem pakir

kereta perlu ditingkatkan untuk menjadi lebih sistematik dan efisien kepada

pengguna. Projek ini, membentangkan model bagi mengatasi kesesakan ketika

memakir kereta dan permasalahan pengguna dalam mencari pakir kereta yang

kosong dan projek ini boleh digunakan untuk mengenal pasti kedua-dua kuantiti dan

lokasi kawasan yang disediakan di pakir kereta. Masalah yang timbul ialah kepada

pengguna adalah sukar untuk mencari pakir yang kosong dan memakan masa untuk

mencari pakir yang kosong. Selain itu, sistem pakir yang sedia ada tidak sistematik

kerana pengguna tidak tahu kekosongan pakir yang ada. Tambahan pula, tidak semua

sistem pakir kereta menunjukkan jumlah pakir yang masih kosong. Objektif dalam

projek ini ialah, untuk merekabentuk “Smart Entry Parking System” yang mempunyai

hubunga diantara peranti dan juga sistem. Membangunkan satu sistem yang dapat

menyelesaikan masalah untuk mencari pakir yang kosong dan untuk menguji dan

menilai keberkesanan sistem dengan menggunakan Schedule Algorithm. Skop projek

ini adalah, pengguna boleh menyemak kekosongan pakir dan boleh membuat pilihan

menggunakan laman web. Hubung kait antara laman web dan Arduino bertujuan

untuk menghantar data dari segi kekosongan pakir. Hasil dari sistem ini adalah

memberikan sistem yang sistematik dan efisen kepada pengguna.

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 CONTENTS

PAGE
DECLARATION ii
CONFIRMATION iii
DEDICATION iv
ABSTRACT v
ABSTRAK vi
CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Problem statement 2
1.3 Objectives 3
1.4 Scopes 3
1.5 Limitation of Work 4
1.6 Thesis Structure 4
1.7 Summary 5

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Intelligent Parking Space Detection System Based 6
On Image Processing
2.3 Automatic Smart Car Parking System 11
2.4 Street Parking System 13
2.5 Summary Of The Journal 15
2.5.1 Intelligent Parking Space Detection System 15
Based On Image Processing
2.5.2 Street Parking System 16
2.5.3 Automatic Smart Car Parking System 16
2.6 Summary 17
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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 18
3.2 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 18
3.3 System Development Life Cycle (Incremental 19

Model).

3.3.1 Planning Phase 20

3.3.2 Analysis Phase 20
3.3.3 Design Phase 21
3.3.4 Implementation Phase 21
3.3.5 Testing Phase 22
3.3.5 Evaluation Phase 22
3.3.7 Deployment Phase 22

3.4 Software And Hardware Requirement 22

3.4.1 Software Requirement 22

3.4.2 Hardware Requirement 24
3.5 Summary 25

CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM DESIGN AND MODELLING

4.1 Introduction 26

4.2 System Design And Modelling 27

4.2.1 System Design 27

4.2.2 Context Diagram 27
4.2.3 Data Flow Diagram 28
4.2.3.1 Data Flow Diagram (Level 0) 28
4.2.4 Entity Relation Ship Diagram (ERD) 30
4.3 Database Design 31
4.4 Summary 34

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CHAPTER 5 RESULT, IMPLEMENTATION AND

TESTING

5.1 Introduction 35
5.2 Hardware 35
5.2.1 Overview 36
5.2.2 Arduino Setup 37
5.2.3 Arduino Circuit 39
5.2.4 List of Hardware Required 41
5.3 Interface Of System 42
5.4 Summary 53

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION

6.1 Introduction 54
6.2 Project Constraint 54
6.3 Expected Result 55
6.4 Conclusion 55
6.5 Future Works 56

REFERENCES 57

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 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

1 List of Software 23
2 List of Hardware 24

x
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

2.1 Step for Detecting the Space 6

2.2 Rounded Brown Image 7

2.3 Image Acquisition Module 8

2.5 RGB Image Acquired 10

2.6 RGB Image Acquired 10

2.7 Parking Lot Result 11

2.8 Illustrate of parking lot 13

2.9 a Sensor Node 14

2.9 b Router 14

2.10 Location Field Setup 15

3.1 System Development Life Cycle 19

3.2 Incremental Model 19

4.1 Framework for Smart Entry Parking System. 27

4.2 Context Diagram of Smart Entry Parking System 28

4.3 Data Flow Diagram of Smart Entry Parking System 29

4.4 Entity Relationship Diagram 30

4.5 Smart Entry Parking System table structure 31

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4.6 Admin table structure 31

4.7 Admin table data 32

4.8 User table structure 32

4.9 User table data 32

4.10 Parking History table structure 33

4.11 Parking History table data 33

4.12 Parking Lot table structure 33

4.13 Parking Lot table data 34

5.1 Arduino UNO 328 board. 36

5.2 Ethernet Shield board 37

5.3 Arduino UNO 328 board connected with Ethernet Shield 38

5.4 Arduino UNO 328 board connected with Ultrasonic 39

Sensor and LED light.

5.5 Arduino Circuit of Smart Entry Parking System. (Front) 40

5.6 Arduino Circuit of Smart Entry Parking System. (Above) 41

5.7 Homepage of Smart Entry Parking System 42

5.8 List of Process 43

5.9 Booking Parking page. 44

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5.10 Form of booking parking. 44

5.11 Image of available parking space. 45

5.12 Notification box 45

5.13 Result of parking 46

5.14 Open gate form 46

5.15 Notification pop up 47

5.16 Notification pop up 47

5.17 Location of Parking 47

5.18 Receipt of booking 48

5.19 Page of log in for admin 48

5.20 List of menu in admin page 49

5.21 Booking Information 49

5.22 Details of booking 50

5.23 Details of available parking 50

5.24 Log out for admin 51

5.25 Setup the IP Address 51

5.26 Arduino code to connect to database 52

5.27 Arduino code to connect to database 52

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5.28 Arduino code to connect to database 53

xiv
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / TERMS / SYMBOLS

CD Context Diagram
DFD Data Flow Diagram
ERD Entity Relationship Diagram
FYP Final year project
GA Genetic algorithm
HCI Human computer interface

xv
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

In this century of modernity, there are many types of vehicles that are

produced and used by people especially in urban area. The increasing of vehicles can

cause much negative impact on the environment especially the increasing demand on

parking infrastructure accessible to the general public. For an example is, find the

vacant parking in shopping mall or hospital compound.

In basic parking lot system is only used automatic gate and parking ticket but

the availability of parking lot is not shown to user and they need to find it by

themselves to park their cars. In this case, it takes times to user to find the parking

spot and vacant parking lot. Besides, they did not know it is full or still available in

parking areas.

The system of parking lots must be upgrade to more systematic, efficient and

reliable to the users. To resolve the above issues and at the same time satisfy demand

for parking spots and better services, parking management organization are striving to

implement solutions that work towards a more streamlined parking experience.

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 Recent technological advances are bringing forward major changes in the

traditional parking model. In this project using Arduino, it is an open sources platform

used for building electronic projects. Arduino consists of both a physical

programmable circuit board and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development

Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and implement it in physical

board.

“Smart Entry Parking System” is designed in robotic system to manage

parking lot to the user. The proposed SEPS can give benefit to the user is regarding

the location of parking lot and available space.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

In real situation, there are a lots of problem that occur when talk about parking

lot especially in shopping complex or hospital compound. It is difficult for user to

find parking with so many vehicles around and it consume a lot of their current

condition with the use of many vehicles which wasting a lot of their time. Besides,

manual parking system is not systematic because user do not know where the exact

the empty parking spaces are. In addition, not all the parking system display how

many parking spaces available.

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1.3 OBJECTIVES

The goal of this project is basically to make the parking system is more efficient

and systematic for the users. The objective of this project are:-

i. To design systematic “Smart Entry Parking System” which have connection

between devices (to display available parking lot) and system centre (user to

choose the parking lot).

ii. To develop the “Smart Entry parking” in order to solve the problem of finding

available parking space.

iii. To test and evaluate the effectiveness of “Smart Entry Parking System” by

applying Schedule algorithm.

1.4 SCOPE

This project system has scope of work which is involving two of scope:-

i. User

a) User can see how many available parking space in that area or level.

b) Besides, user can choose where the parking that they wanted depends

on the available parking.

ii. System

a) System shows the available parking lots on LCD.

b) Display the visualize of parking lot for user to make a choice.

c) Then, system also gives available parking lot after they choose.

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 iii. Admin

a) Admin can view the number available parking lot.

b) Admin can view the detail of parking car.

1.5 LIMITATION OF WORK

The limitation of work is:-

i. Disturbance of internet to make a choice for parking spot.

ii. Can cause of malfunction on sensor.

iii. This system is only used for car parking lot.

1.6 THESIS STRUCTURE

This thesis consists of 6 chapters. Chapter 1 is about the introduction of

Intelligent Parking Monitoring System via LED light and the introduction part will

include problem statement, objectives, scope and limitation. Chapter 2 of the project is

review of the technology used in design and existing application. Chapter 3 presents

design procedure and technique used to develop the system and software and

hardware requirement. Then, Chapter 4 will presents about operational design

implementation of the system.

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 This is including of framework design, context diagrams (CD), data flow

diagram (DFD), entity relationship diagram (ERD), database design and interface

design. Chapter 5 in this chapter, it is about Implementation and Testing of Arduino

connected to sensors and device, Implementation and Testing In python language,

Implementation and Testing In Web-Based System also Implementation and Testing

In parking lot in format of demo. Chapter 6 will summarize the overall project and

presents conclusion and some recommendations for future work.

1.7 SUMMARY

This chapter discuss for the introduction part will include problem statement,

objectives, scope, limitation of work and expected result.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The main objective of this project is to implement Smart Entry Parking by

using Devices Based System. Reviewing on some article and journal about parking

system can be used in this project and can be apply in existing system.

Based on research, there is some of technology that is implemented in parking

lot system in different ways.

2.2 INTELLIGENT PARKING SPACE DETECTION SYSTEM BASED ON

IMAGE PROCESSING.

Figure 2.1: Step for Detecting the Space

In this system, system module contains of five step for detecting the space of

parking. The step are system initialization, image acquisition, image segmentation,

image enhancement, image detection.

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i) System Initialization.

Figure 2.2: Rounded Brown Image

The module runs only for the first time when this system is started. A one-time

manual drawing procedure is performed where a rounded brown image drawn at each

park (with zero car present in the car park area), as in Figure 2.2 rounded brown image

is drawn on each parking lot manually. The purpose of this procedure is to

automatically identify location of every parking lot in the image. It should be noted

that the lines separating the parking lots have to be visible, clear and unobstructed in

the initialization process. The camera is assumed to be in a fixed position and facing a

fixed direction all the time. The initialization process will begin with the program

searching for the rounded brown image by detecting the shape of the image. Detected

image are then analysis to determined available parking lot.

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ii) Image Acquisition

Figure 2.3: Image Acquisition Module

After system initialization, the image will be processed in image acquisition

module. This module involves capturing and storing digital images from the video

cameras. The high definition camera used to acquire digital images is then connected

to a processing unit. The software is running in real-time. The camera is positioned in

side view of parking lots, acquiring a fixed scene all the time. The height of the

camera must be enough to obtain a clear, unobstructed top view of the parking lots.

Figure 3 shows the image captured by the camera. Five rounded brown image are

shown which mean that there are five available Parking lot.

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iii) Image Segmentation

Figure 2.4: RGB Image Acquired

RGB Image acquired from the camera is then converted to grey scale image

and create the binary images in image segmentation module. From the grey scale

image resulted, thresholding technique can be used to create the binary image. The

binary images contain all of the essential information about the position and shape of

the objects of interest (foreground).

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iv) Image Enhancement.

Figure 2.5: RGB Image Acquired

After converting images into binary, the image has to remove the noise and

trace the boundary of detected object. This process is done in image enhancement

module. Images, taken by digital camera, will pick up the noise from variety of

sources.

v) Image Detection Module.

Figure 2.6: RGB Image Acquired

When tracing the boundaries of object in images, the image detection module

is implemented. This module will determine which objects are round by estimate each

object's area and perimeter.

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vi) Result of Parking Lot.

Figure 2.7: Parking Lot Result

An intelligent parking lot detection system based on image processing have

been tested and proposed. This results are included the sequences of the car park

detection from empty lot (8 parking available) until the full parking lot. Figure 7

shows the number of availability of parking lot resulted by using camera preview

panel, GUI output display, and LCD output display.

2.3 AUTOMATIC SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM.

In an automated car parking, the cars are left at the entrance and are further

transported inside the building with mechanical structure. Similarly, they are retrieved

by mechanical structure and placed at the exit for the owner to drive away. Our

proposed system presents an Autonomous car parking that regulates the number of

cars that can be parked in a given space at any given time based on the parking space

availability. When a car arrives at the entrance, it will be stopped at the main gate and

the driver de-boards the car. If the availability of Parking space is confirmed, the user

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commands the car to get parked to the designated slot. The car traces its path to the

entrance of the parking area. Here, it waits and the details required for parking of car

at the proper slot are communicated to the Car Control Unit. On receiving the

information, the car will further trace its path to free parking spot. On successful

parking, the data on the LCD will be updated automatically.

i) Hardware Description.

The hardware component required microcontroller, LCD, LDR, relay, DC motor,

voltage regulator.

a) Microcontroller

The Microcontroller AT89S52 is a low-power, high performance CMOS 8- bit

microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable flash memory and

data memory is 256 bytes RAM this chip is manufactured using Atmel’s high-

density non-volatile memory technology and it is compatible with the industry-

standard 80S52 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip flash memory allows

the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional non-

volatile memory programmer.

b) Relay

It is used for auto switching device.

c) RFID Tag/Reader:

RFID Identification. An RFID system consists of two parts .i.e., a reader, and

one or more transponders, which are also known as tags. RFID systems have

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 evolved from barcode labels as a means to automatically identify and track

products as well as people. In this system, the user is assigned a unique ID

corresponding to the specific trolley. This helps in quick identification and

movement of the same.

ii) Software Description

Proteus 8 is the best simulation software for various design with micro controller.it

is mainly popular because of availability of almost all microcontroller in it. So it is a

handy tool to test programmes and embedded designs for electronic people.

Simulation can be done using protest 8 software.

2.4 STREET PARKING SYSTEM

Figure 2.8: Illustrate of parking lot.

i) System Introduction.

The proposed SPS consists of a base station, routers, sensor nodes, and a

remote server. The diagram of SPS is shown in Figure 1. Sensor nodes are

deployed alongside the roadside and each node is mounted on the centre floor

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 of a parking space. Each sensor node detects the earth’s magnetic field

periodically. When a node detected a car entering or leaving, it transmits a

message to the router. The router forwards the packet to a base station that is

one or more hops away. In the base station, information from different nodes

will be merged, and parking guidance information will be transmitted to LED

board and remote server.

Figure 2.9(a) Figure 2.9(b)

ii) Hardware Design.

We adopt ZigBee as the wireless communication stack. Sensor node consists

of magnetic sensor. When deploying the sensor nodes in the complicated

realistic environment, we faced several problems. One is the crush-resistant

issue. Using high-strength PVC-steel material as node shell is a good choice

for resisting the crush of the parking vehicles. Figure 9(a) shows the nodes

with high-strength PVC-steel material. As shown in Figure 9(b), considering

the power issue, routers are equipped with solar panel for frequent data

forwarding.

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 Figure 2.10 : Location Field Setup

iii) Test Field Setup.

In the experiments, we place the sensor node in the middle of the parking

space. The sensor is a 3- axis magnetic sensor. Figure 10 describes the

deployment of sensor nodes: the 𝑍-axis is vertical, the 𝑌-axis is parallel with

the direction of vehicle entering, and the 𝑋-axis is pointing to adjacent space.

The sensor has temperature drift, and the method of temperature compensation

refers to its datasheet.

2.5 SUMMARY OF THE JOURNAL

2.5.1 Intelligent Parking Space Detection System Based on Image Processing.

In this system it is consists of five modules which are system initialization,

image acquisition, image segmentation, image detection and image enhancement. In

system initialization, its identify location of every parking lot in the image. Second,

storing digital image taken from video camera. Third, separate the objects from the

background. Fourth, remove noise from the image. Lastly, determine the rounded

brown image drawn at each the parking lot.

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2.5.2 Street Parking System

Street parking System consists of a base station, routers, sensor nodes, and a

remote server. The sensor nodes is placed on each of parking space. Each nodes detect

magnetic field. When a node detected a car movement (entering or leaving), it

transmits a message to the router. LED board will change when the information is

successfully achieved.

2.5.3 Automatic Smart Car Parking System.

This system is using building with mechanical structure which is automatically

parking the car that left at the entrance. When a car arrives at the entrance, it will

stopped at the main gate and the driver de-boards the car. This system need to

confirmation on availability of parking space. If there is more space, the car will park

to free parking spot. The data on the LCD will be updated automatically.

Based on the research, the Scheduler algorithm is the best choices that can be apply in

“Smart Entry Parking”. This is because concept of scheduling algorithm is First Come

First Serve, or known as (FCFS). Related to the SEPS is when cars enter in parking

entrance, the number of available parking will decrease. While, when exit it will

increase back.

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2.6 SUMMARY

This chapter provide an overview regarding the concept of the system. Based

on the study that has been made it shows that literature review is one of the important

part in research of study of new. Literature review will help in determining the idea

and technology has been studied before or not. The technique is chosen based on

previous research articles and journals. Every journal and article will be compared to

decide which will be selected.

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 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

In this chapter is about process of developing project from the beginning until

the end of this project. The flow of the project will discuss briefly to give more

understanding of design and develop of this project. There are many method that can

be used for developing this project. The methodology that can be decide in this project

is System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). In this methodology is based on phases

for each development process. Every phases of this methodology will be explained.

3.2 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)

In this project, the most suitable methodology that can be apply is (SDLC).

SDLC is a structure followed by a development team within the software

organization. It contain of detailed plan describing to develop system, maintain and

replace specific software. This methodology is for improving the quality of software

and the overall development process. Which have a beginning of the operation and

end of the operation. SDLC consists of six activities which is Planning,

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Implementation, Testing, Documentation, Deployment and Maintenance, and

Maintaining.

Figure 3.1: System Development Life Cycle

3.3 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (INCREMENTAL MODEL).

This life cycle model includes multiple development cycles. The cycles are

divided up into smaller repetitions. These repetitions can be easily managed and go

through a set of phases including requirements, design, implementation and testing. A

working version of the software is produced during the first repetition, so working

software is created early in the development process.

Figure 3.2: Incremental Model

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3.3.1 Planning Phase

The project starts with brainstorming an idea what problem to be solved.

Objective of these papers is constructed based on what want to be achieved. The

problem that needs to be solved in this paper is determined. Objective of this paper is

constructed based on what will be achieved in this paper. The scope of this system in

the aspect of system scope, user scope and functional scope is determined to identify

important functions that need to be included in the system to fulfil the objective

planned.

3.3.2 Analysis Phase

Analysis phase is to analyses the existing parking lot system and all

requirement that are needed to design and develop the new system. In this phase, the

information regarding parking lot system using embedded device either journal,

articles, books or research paper are collected and gathered. Based on the collection of

information, method and technique that is suitable been decided. Embedded

programming are the best method that can be used to develop as automated system

with sensor devices monitored by web based system.

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3.3.3 Design Phase

Identify design of the system and developed prototype based on the

functionalities that will be build. The data or requirement obtained during planning

and analysis phase was transform into the design. In this project, Framework Design

to show the flow of the system, Context Diagram (CD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD),

Entity Relation Diagram (ERD) and this chapter. These diagrams are designed as a

guide line flow of the system and Interface Design to help in developing system.

3.3.4 Implementation Phase

Implement the design is implemented process for Arduino UNO and related

Ultrasonic sensor to detection car and LED display on the parking lot. It is

implemented into coding. The system is divided into several sub-modules and the

actual coding for each sub-module is started according to the user and system

requirements. To develop the system, there are programming tools are used such as

Notepad++ and Arduino UNO to do the embedded programming part, PHP

programming and database MYSQL. Besides that, XAMPP server is used for

localhost server and web-based programming to create a graphical user interface.

3.3.5 Testing Phase

In this phase, system testing is conducted to test for error and ensure the

module function well as whole system. Any errors or bug will be fixed and repeated

testing the system until all the module fully function.

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3.3.6 Evaluation Phase

The system is evaluated before it is deploy to end-user. In this phase determine

whether the tools related or not with the objective.

3.3.7 Deployment Phase

In this phase, when the system has achieved the objective and passed the

testing, the system can be deployed and user can use the system. Once the system is in

steady state, it is reviewed that the system met all the objectives and goals.

3.4 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

This section will show the list of all software and hardware requirement that

involve in the development process.

3.4.1 Software Requirement

To develop this project it can be many choices to choose the best software, this

is because the selection of software depends on requirement needed in this project.

The software to develop this project is shown as below.

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 Table 1: List of Software

Name of Software Description

Microsoft Office Word 2013 As a platform for documentation and

Microsoft Power Point 2013 presentation of project

Google Chrome Surfing and searching for example of

system and research about the system.

Arduino Source Code Used to program the Arduino. This

software used for write and implement the

coding to the Arduino UNO.

XAMPP Server Act as local server to run and test the

system

MYSQL Database Storing the data of the system by using

Query Language

Notepad ++ Write code for develop a system for

parking lot in virtual version.

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3.4.2 Hardware Requirement

Hardware is important in ensuring the research of this project is success. Each

hardware has its own function in order to do this research. The hardware to develop

this project is shown as below.

Table 2: List of Hardware

Name of Hardware Description

Laptop Processor: Intel Core i3

Printer EPSON

Arduino Arduino UNO

Sensor Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor

LED Display Display number of parking available

Devices - USB B-Type Cable

- Resistor

- Male to Male Jumper Wire

- Breadboard (Small)

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3.5 SUMMARY

This chapter discussed the methodology used is to complete this project. The

Iterative and Incremental method from System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is

used because every phase during the system development follows the project

methodology that is mentioned in this chapter. The hardware and software

requirement also had been discussed.

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 CHAPTER 4

SYSTEM DESIGN AND MODELLING

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter will review design phase in project development. Design is the

process of resulting product and it proposed framework of thinking. It represent a

model on how to achieve a specific goal in project. Whereas, model represent set of

strategy on which to achieved design goals. Modelling process involved a graphical

representation of the functions and process for the development of a system before the

system was developed. In this project, framework design, context diagram (CD), data

flow diagram (DFD), entity relationship diagram (ERD), database design and interface

design were produced before the system was developed so that the system will be

developed successfully.

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4.2 SYSTEM DESIGN AND MODELLING

Figure 4.1: Framework for Smart Entry Parking System.

4.2.1 System Design

System design is the process of defining the architecture, components,

modules, interfaces and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. System

design involves Context Diagram, data Flow Diagram and Entity Relation Diagram.

4.2.2 Context Diagram

A context diagram is a data flow diagram, with only one massive central

process that subsumes everything inside the scope of the system. It shows how the

system will receive and send data flows to the external entities involved. Such as

system, organizational groups, external data stores. Since a context diagram is a

specialized version of the Data Flow Diagram, understanding a bit Data Flow

Diagram can be helpful.

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 Figure 4.2: Context Diagram of Smart Entry Parking System

4.2.3 Data Flow Diagram

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) provide a visual representation of the flow of

information within a system. By drawing a data Flow Diagram, you can tell the

information provided by and delivered to someone who takes part in system process,

the information needed in order to complete the processes, the information needed in

order to complete the processes and the information needed to be stored and accessed.

4.2.3.1 Data Flow Diagram (Level 0)

Figure show the flow in this system starting with user inserting information

parking, choose parking, and make confirmation of parking lot. Admin can log in into

the system and manage parking lot.

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Figure 4.3: Data Flow Diagram of Smart Entry Parking System

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4.2.4 Entity Relation Ship Diagram (ERD)

Entity Relationship Diagram in software engineering is an abstract to describe

a database. It is typically used in computing in regard to the organization of data

within database or information systems. An entity is a piece of data-an object or

concept about which data is stored. A relationship is how the data is shared between

entities.

Figure 4.3 show the ERD if Smart Entry parking System. That show this

system uses the derive table. Derive table is used to make a relationship between two

or more main tables. It contains the primary key, foreign key from other tables.

Figure 4.4: Entity Relationship Diagram

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4.3 DATABASE DESIGN

A database is collection of information that is organization so that ut can easily

be accessed, managed and updated. It generally is looked at as being a collection of

records, each of with its own structure and data type of input. The list of tables

involved in the system is as follow:

Figure 4.5 show all tables used in system including admin, parking lot, parking

history, and user.

Figure 4.5: Smart Entry Parking System table structure.

Figure 4.6: Admin table structure

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Figure 4.7 : Admin table data

Figure 4.8: User table structure

Figure 4.9: User table data

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Figure 4.10: Parking History table structure

Figure 4.11: Parking History table data

Figure 4.12: Parking Lot table structure

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 Figure 4.13: Parking Lot table data

4.4 SUMMARY

This chapter discussed the methodology used is to complete this project. The

Iterative and Incremental Method from System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is

used because every phase during the system development follows the project

methodology that is mentioned in this chapter. The hardware and software

requirement also had been discussed.

Besides, this chapter also discuss on the Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagram

and Entity Relationship Diagram of the system which are essential as a guideline for

the system development.

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 CHAPTER 5

RESULT, IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING

5.1 INTRODUCTION

Implementation method is a systematic structured approach to integrate

software based service or component into the workflow of an organizational structure

or an individual end user. It is a part of user testing that important phase in system

development. The system will be test to know the efficiency of the operational system

meets the quality standards. This chapter will explain detail about implementation and

testing in web-based system using Arduino.

5.2 HARDWARE

The main hardware that been used in this project are Arduino UNO 328 board.

Ultrasonic sensor, LED light and Ethernet Shield are connected to send and receive

data. The data will transfer to server in database provides in the web-based system. On

board, Ethernet Shield is clip to the Arduino UNO 328 to make a connection between

Arduino and web-based. For detect car used Ultrasonic sensor, display on LED light,

resister connected to Arduino UNO 328 using jumpers wire. Arduino UNO328 is

connected to the computer using USB port.

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5.2.1 Overview

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14

digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a

16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset

button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it

to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get

started.

The Arduino Ethernet Shield connects Arduino to the internet in mere minutes.

It need to plug this module onto Arduino Board, connect it to the network with an

RJ45 cable and setup it with IP Address to make a connection between web-based and

Arduino.

Figure 5.1: Arduino UNO 328 board.

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 Figure 5.2: Ethernet Shield board

5.2.2 Arduino Setup

The generic sensors are connected to the Arduino UNO 328 board such as

Ultrasonic Sensor, LED light and also Ethernet Shield to sens data and receive data.

Arduino works as microcontrollers gives instruction to the generic sensors.

The Ultrasonic Module has 4 pin, ground, VCC, Trig, and Echo. The Ground

and the VCC pins of the module needs to be connected to the Ground and the 5 volts

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pins on the Arduino UNO 328 board respectively and the trig and echo pins to any

Digital I/O pins on the Arduino UNO 328 board.

The LED light contains of two type which are green colour and red colour. Its

contain cathode and anode. This LED light to be connected to the pins on the Arduino

UNO 328 board by using the breadboard.

Figure 5.3: Arduino UNO 328 board connected with Ethernet Shield

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Figure 5.4: Arduino UNO 328 board connected with Ultrasonic Sensor and LED light.

5.2.3 Arduino Circuit

In order to generate the ultrasound need to set the Trig on a high State for 10

µs. That will send out an 8 cycle sonic burst which will travel at the speed sound and

it will be received in the Echo pin. The Echo pin will output the time in microseconds

the sound wave travelled.

This project will use just 4 digital inputs from the Arduino UNO 328 board.

The red LED light use pin number 10, and for green LED light use pin number 6. For

both LED light, cathode will connected to the ground and anode will connected to pin

number 10 and 6 through 220 Ohms resistors on the Arduino UNO 328 board that can

provide PWM signal.

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 The Ethernet Shield will connected to TP-Link 3220 Router through the RJ45

cable. The router need to setup through the IP Address. The IP Address is

192.168.1.101 used to connect to database and Arduino. The type of IP Address in this

project is static which is the IP Address will be a static IP Address.

Figure 5.5: Arduino Circuit of Smart Entry Parking System. (Front)

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 Figure 5.6: Arduino Circuit of Smart Entry Parking System. (Above)

5.2.4 List Of Hardware Required

I. Arduino UNO 328.

II. Breadboard

III. LED light

IV. 2 X 220 Ohms Resistors

V. Jump wires

VI. Ultrasonic Sensor

VII. Ethernet Shield

VIII. RJ45 cable

IX. TP-Link 3220 Router

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5.3 INTERFACE OF SYSTEM.

Figure 5.7: Homepage of Smart Entry Parking System.

This is the Homepage of Smart Entry Parking System. In this page, all

information already shown. User need to click each of image to know the flow of

booking. Beside it also show the availability of parking in the top right system.

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 Figure 5.8: List of Process.

In this menu list it contains of Home Page, Booking Parking (Roof Top,

Ground), Contact, and Log In for Admin. User can click each of the menu list.

Booking Parking contain of two page which is Roof Top and Ground. User can

choose which one that they want to park their car. Contact page is for information

about the Smart Entry Parking System. Log in page is for admin use to manage the

system.

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 Figure 5.9: Booking Parking page.

In booking page user need to click the image of the floor that they want. It

contains of Ground Floor and Roof Top Floor.

Figure 5.10: Form of booking parking.

When user click on the image, it will pop up of booking form. It contains of

number of car plat, time booking, time arrival, and date. User need to fill in number of

car plat only.

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 Figure 5.11: Image of available parking space.

After user click Submit button, the system will show the image of parking

space that available. In this page, user need to choose the available parking. The green

colour is available. The yellow colour is for reserve and for red colour means is not

available or already occupied.

Figure 5.12: Notification box

This face box will pop up when user click on the available parking that they

want. Its mean, process of booking is already made by user.

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 Figure 5.13: Result of parking.

Then, the system will show the result of parking that made by the user. The

green colour will change to the yellow based on the user choose. Its mean user already

reserve the parking space. But user have only 1 hour to reserve the parking lot. If not

the parking will change to available. For walk in, it will change directly to red colour.

Figure 5.14: Open gate form.

This form is used to open the gate at the parking lot. User need to put the plat

number in the form to open the gate. Beside it contains of Location and Report.
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 Figure 5.15: Notification pop up

The notification will pop up when user put the correct plat number. “Gate is

Open. Thank You.” The gate will open and user can enter the parking lot.

Figure 5.16: Notification pop up

The notification will pop up when user put the wrong plat number. “Wrong No

Plat”. The gate will not open.

Figure 5.17: Location of Parking

This is the location of parking lot. It easy for user to know the place of parking

lot. User can directly to the place and it not waste time for user to find the place.

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 Figure 5.18: Receipt of booking.

User also can get their receipt, as a proof of booking process.

Figure 5.19: Page of log in for admin.

Admin need to log in first before enter the system. It contains of admin id, and

password.

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 Figure 5.20: List of menu in admin page.

In admin menu, it contains of Homepage, Booking Information, and Report.

Booking Information is details of parking history. Report is the details of available

parking.

Figure 5.21: Booking Information

Admin fill the form with date to look the details of booking. The details will

show depend on the date.

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 Figure 5.22: Details of booking.

Then, it will show details of the booking depends on the date. The details

contains of Number Plat, Time Booking, Time Arrival, Date and ID Parking.

Figure 5.23: Details of available parking.

Details of available parking will show to the admin. Admin can know the total

of car enter the parking space. According to the Figure 5.22, there are 3 parking

already reserve.

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 Figure 5.24: Log out for admin.

Admin can log out when finish. The log out button is at the top right of the

system in admin page.

Figure 5.25: Setup the IP Address.

This is the process of setup the IP Address that need to connect to the Ethernet

Shield. The router read the Ethernet Shield IP Address which is assign to

192.168.1.101.

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Figure 5.26: Arduino code to connect to database.

Figure 5.27: Arduino code to connect to database.

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 Figure 5.28:Arduino code to connect to database.

This is the Arduino code to connect between Arduino UNO 328 and database

server. According to this code, 192.168.1.101 is used as address to send the data from

Arduino UNO 328 to the database server through the Ethernet Shield. This code will

loop every time to read all the parking area and directly update the data to the database

server. If there is a walk in customer parking in the parking lot, Arduino UNO 328

will read and update the date in the database server. In web-based also will change the

data. For example, it change from green colour to red colour.

5.4 SUMMARY

In this chapter, it is about Implementation and Testing of Arduino connected to

sensors and device, Implementation and Testing in Arduino language, Implementation

and Testing in web-based.

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 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

6.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter discuss on the conclusion. The conclusion of system is discussing

about the conclusion of the system for users that use the system.

6.2 PROJECT CONSTRAINT

There are several problem and limitations that occurred throughout the

development of the project in order to achieve the objectives. These problems and

limitations in conducting this study are:

This system is can be used only for car. It is not suitable for others vehicles.

Besides, this system only can be applied for Ground and Rooftop Parking only. This is

because, this system need a network connection in Arduino to check the availability of

parking space. Disturbance of internet to book the parking lot is one of the constraint

in this system and can cause of malfunction on Ultrasonic Sensor.

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6.3 EXPECTED RESULT

Combination between Arduino and web-based system is to make a connection

between it. With this combination the web-based system will be more systematic and

efficient. Web-based system is used for user to make a booking. All process in the

web-based will keep in database server. Interface in the website show the availability

of parking lot. There are three type of colour which are green (available), yellow

(reserve) and red (not available).Easy for user to make a booking. Then, function of

Arduino is to check the parking space and it will update the data in the database server

and it always loop the process.

6.4 CONCLUSION

The increasing of cars usage is growing rapidly, and also the system of the

parking lots must upgrade to be more systematic and reliable to the users. The Smart

Entry Parking System is develop to perform the effectiveness of system and minimize

the time and energy of users in order to find the parking space. The system can

identify quantity available of parking and location of available area in a car park. The

system will be an intelligent system which help the user to make a booking.

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6.5 FUTURE WORKS

For future work, there is a little suggestion that can be made to upgrade the

system to be more efficient and look more interesting. Some suggestion that need to

be:

I. Parking fee can be add in the system features by every hour user park their car.

II. User can search place near by to park their car.

III. Can use in smart phone based on Android and IOS.

IV. Add on for motocycle parking.

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[1] R. Yusnita, Fariza Norbaya, and Norazwinawati Basharuddin, International

Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 3, June 2012

[2] Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Distributed Sensor

Networks Volume 2013,

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3, Issue-3, Mar.-2016.

[4] My SQL Connector, Chuck Bell ,Git Hub 2015.

[5] M.A.R. Sarkar, A.A. Rokoni, M.O. Reza, M.F. Ismail, "Smart Parking system with

image processing facility", I.J. Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2012, vol. 3.

[6] Zhang, B., Jiang, D.L., Wang, F. and Wan, T.T. (2009) A Design of Parking Space

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[7] Barton, J., Buckley, J., O’Flynn, B., O’Mathuna, S.C., Benson, J.P., O’Donovan,

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