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Differentiation Rules

The document provides rules for finding derivatives of various functions, including: 1) The constant rule, power rule, constant multiple rule, sum and difference rule, product rule, and quotient rule for taking derivatives. 2) Examples of applying each rule to find the derivative of functions like f(x)=9x+2, g(x)=2x^3 + 4x^2 - 3x + 1, and F(t)=(t^5 + t)(t^3 - 4t + 1). 3) More complex examples like finding the derivative of y=(4-2x)^3(2x+x^3) using the product rule and F(x)=(3x

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Denize Khate
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
57 views37 pages

Differentiation Rules

The document provides rules for finding derivatives of various functions, including: 1) The constant rule, power rule, constant multiple rule, sum and difference rule, product rule, and quotient rule for taking derivatives. 2) Examples of applying each rule to find the derivative of functions like f(x)=9x+2, g(x)=2x^3 + 4x^2 - 3x + 1, and F(t)=(t^5 + t)(t^3 - 4t + 1). 3) More complex examples like finding the derivative of y=(4-2x)^3(2x+x^3) using the product rule and F(x)=(3x

Uploaded by

Denize Khate
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIFFERENTIATION

RULES
The Constant Rule
The derivative of a constant function is 0. In
symbols, if c is a constant, then
𝒅
[c] = O.
𝒅𝒙
EXAMPLES:
𝟒
1. y=- y’ = 0
𝟓
2.f(x) = 100 f’(x) = 0
3.G(x) = 𝝅 G’(x) = 0
THE POWER RULE
If n is any real number, then
𝒅 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏
[𝒙 ] = n𝒙
𝒅𝒙
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF EACH FUNCTION

𝟔
f(x) = 𝒙
𝟔−𝟏
= 𝟔𝒙
𝟓
f’(x) = 𝟔𝒙
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF EACH FUNCTION

𝟐𝟓
G(x) = 𝒙
𝟐𝟓−𝟏
= 𝟐𝟓𝒙
𝟐𝟒
G’(x) = 𝟐𝟓𝒙
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF EACH FUNCTION

𝟏 −𝟑
H(t) = 𝟑
𝒕
=𝒕
−𝟑−𝟏
= −𝟑𝒕
−𝟒
= −𝟑𝒕
−𝟑
H’(t) = 𝟒
𝒕
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF EACH FUNCTION

p(t) = 𝒕 = 𝒕 𝟏/𝟐
𝟏 𝟏/𝟐−𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏/𝟐
= 𝒕 = 𝒕
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟏/𝟐 p’(t) =
𝟐𝒕 𝟐 𝒕
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF EACH FUNCTION

𝟑 𝟏/𝟑
p(x) = 𝒙 = 𝒙
𝟏 𝟏/𝟑−𝟏 𝟏 𝟏/𝟑−𝟑/𝟑 𝟏 −𝟐/𝟑
= 𝒙 = 𝒙 = 𝒙
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟐/𝟑 p’(x) = 𝟑
𝟑𝒙 𝟑 𝒙𝟐
THE CONSTANT MULTIPLE
RULE
If k is any real number constant and f is a
differentiable function of x, then
𝒅 𝒅
[k∙𝒇(𝒙)] = k· [𝒇 𝒙 ]
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF EACH FUNCTION

𝟔
f(x) = 𝟓𝒙
𝟔−𝟏
= 6 ∙ 𝟓𝒙
𝟓
f’(x) = 𝟑𝟎𝒙
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF EACH FUNCTION

𝟓
f(x) = 𝟒𝒙
𝟓−𝟏
= 𝟓 ∙ 𝟒𝒙
𝟒
f’(x) = 𝟐𝟎𝒙
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF EACH FUNCTION

𝟑 𝟖
G(x) = 𝒙
𝟒
𝟑 𝟖−𝟏
=𝟖∙ 𝒙
𝟒
𝟕
G’(x) = 𝟔𝒙
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF EACH FUNCTION

𝟓 𝟒
G(x) = 𝒙
𝟑
𝟓 𝟒−𝟏
=𝟒∙ 𝒙
𝟑
𝟐𝟎 𝟑 𝟐𝟎𝒙𝟑
G’(x) = 𝒙 =
𝟑 𝟑
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF EACH FUNCTION

𝟏/𝟓
G(x) = 2𝒙
𝟏 𝟏/𝟓−𝟏 𝟏 𝟏/𝟓−𝟓/𝟓
= ∙ 𝟐𝒙 = ∙ 𝟐𝒙
𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 −𝟒/𝟓 𝟐
= ∙ 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟒/𝟓
𝟓 𝟓𝒙
𝟐
G’(x) = 𝟓
𝟓 𝒙𝟒
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF EACH FUNCTION

f(x) = 7 𝒙 = 7𝒙 𝟏/𝟐
𝟏 𝟏/𝟐−𝟏 𝟏 𝟏/𝟐−𝟐/𝟐
= ∙ 𝟕𝒙 = ∙ 𝟕𝒙
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 −𝟏/𝟐 𝟕
= ∙ 𝟕𝒙 = 𝟏/𝟐
𝟐 𝟕
𝟐𝒙
f’(x) =
𝟐 𝒙
THE SUM & DIFFERENCE RULE
If f and g are two differentiable functions at
x, then

𝒅 𝒅 𝑑
[𝒇(𝒙)±g(x)] = [𝒇 𝒙 ]± [g(x)]
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF EACH FUNCTION

f(x) = 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟐
=𝟏∙ 𝟗𝒙 𝟏−𝟏 +0
= 𝟗𝒙 𝟎 +0

f’(x) = 𝟗
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF EACH FUNCTION

G(x) = 𝟐𝒙 𝟑 + 𝟒𝒙 𝟐 - 3x + 1
𝟑−𝟏 𝟐−𝟏 -𝟏 ∙ 𝟑𝒙 𝟏−𝟏 +0
=𝟑∙ 𝟐𝒙 +𝟐∙ 𝟒𝒙
𝟐
= 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖𝒙 - 𝟑𝒙 𝟎

𝟐
G’(x) = 6𝒙 + 𝟖𝒙 − 𝟑
THE PRODUCT & QUOTIENT RULE
If f and g are two differentiable functions of x, then
the following rules should be followed:
PRODUCT RULE
𝒅
[f(𝒙)𝒈(𝒙)] = 𝒇(𝒙)𝒈′(𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙)𝒇′(𝒙)
𝒅𝒙
QUOTIENT RULE
𝒅 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒈 𝒙 𝒇′ 𝒙 −𝒇 𝒙 𝒈′(𝒙)
[ ] =
𝒅𝒙 𝒈(𝒙) [𝒈 𝒙 ]𝟐
EXAMPLES
𝟑 𝟑
y = (4 – 𝟐𝒙 )(2x + 𝒙 )
𝟑 𝟐
= (4 – 𝟐𝒙 )(2 + 3𝒙 ) + 𝟑 𝟐
(2x + 𝒙 ) ( – 𝟔𝒙 )
= 8 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 𝟐 - 𝟒𝒙 𝟑 - 6𝒙 𝟓 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 𝟑 − 𝟔𝒙 𝟓

y ‘ = - 𝟏𝟐𝒙 𝟓 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 𝟐 +8


EXAMPLES

F(t) = (𝒕 𝟓 + t)(𝒕 𝟑 - 4t + 1)
𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟐
= (𝒕 − 𝟒𝒕 + 𝟏)(𝟓𝒕 + 𝟏) + (𝒕 + t) (3𝒕 − 4)
𝟕 𝟑 𝟓 𝟒 𝟕 𝟓 𝟑
= 5𝒕 + 𝒕 − 𝟐𝟎𝒕 - 4t + 5𝒕 + 𝟏 + 𝟑𝒕 - 4𝒕 + 𝟑𝒕 - 4t

F’(t) = 𝟖𝒕 𝟕 − 𝟐𝟒𝒕 𝟓 + 𝟓𝒕 𝟒 + 𝟒𝒕 𝟑 - 8t + 1
EXAMPLES
𝟏
G(x) = ( 𝟐 + 𝟏) 𝟑𝐱 − 𝟏
𝒙
𝟏 −𝟐
=( 𝟐 + 𝟏)(𝟑) + (𝟑𝐱 − 𝟏) ( 𝟑)
𝒙 𝒙
𝟑 𝟔𝒙 𝟐 𝟑 𝟔 𝟐
= 𝟐 +3- 𝟑 + = 𝟐 +3- 𝟐 +
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙𝟑

𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙𝟑 −𝟔𝒙 + 𝟐 𝟑𝒙𝟑 −𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐


= G’(x) =
𝒙𝟑
𝒙𝟑
THE PRODUCT & QUOTIENT RULE
If f and g are two differentiable functions of x, then
the following rules should be followed:
PRODUCT RULE
𝒅
[f(𝒙)𝒈(𝒙)] = 𝒇(𝒙)𝒈′(𝒙) + 𝒈(𝒙)𝒇′(𝒙)
𝒅𝒙
QUOTIENT RULE
𝒅 𝒇(𝒙) 𝒈 𝒙 𝒇′ 𝒙 −𝒇 𝒙 𝒈′(𝒙)
[ ] =
𝒅𝒙 𝒈(𝒙) [𝒈 𝒙 ]𝟐
EXAMPLES
𝟒
y=
𝟓𝒙
𝟓𝒙 ∙ 𝟎 − 𝟒 ∙5
=
(𝟓𝒙)𝟐
𝟎 − 20 − 20
= =
𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐
−4
y’=
𝟓𝒙𝟐
EXAMPLES
𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟏
F(x) =
𝒙 −𝟏
(𝑥 −1)(4𝑥) − (𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟏)(1) 4𝑥 2 −4𝑥 − (𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟏)
= =
(𝑥 −1)2 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1

4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥− 𝟐𝒙𝟐
−𝟏 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 𝟏
=
𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1
F ’(x) = 2
𝑥 −2𝑥+1
EXAMPLES
1 −1/2
1 ( 𝑥 +1)(0) − (𝟏)( 𝑥 )
F(x) = =
2
𝑥 +1 ( 𝑥 +1)2
1 1
0− − −1 1
2 𝑥
= = 2 𝑥
= ∙
( 𝑥 +1)2 𝑥 +2 𝑥 + 1 2 𝑥 𝑥 +2 𝑥 + 1

−1 −1
=
2 𝑥(𝑥 +2 𝑥 + 1)
F ’(x) =
2𝑥 𝑥 +4𝑥 +2 𝑥
EXAMPLES
(3𝑥+2)(𝑥 2 −1) 3𝑥 + 2 2𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 1)(3)
F(x) =
𝑥+2 6𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 3
𝑥+2 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + −𝟏(3𝑥+2)(𝑥 2 −1)
𝟒𝒙 −𝟑
𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑
=
(𝑥+2)2
𝟑 𝟐
𝟗𝒙 +𝟒𝒙 −𝟑x + 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟐 +𝟖𝒙−𝟔 −(3𝑥 3 −3𝑥+2𝑥 2 −2)
=
(𝑥+2)2
𝟑 𝟐
𝟗𝒙 +𝟒𝒙 −𝟑x + 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟐 +𝟖𝒙−𝟔 −3𝑥 3 +3𝑥−2𝑥 2 +2
=
(𝑥+2)2
EXAMPLES
𝟑 𝟐
𝟗𝒙 +𝟒𝒙 −𝟑x + 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟐 +𝟖𝒙−𝟔 −3𝑥 3 +3𝑥−2𝑥 2 +2
=
(𝑥+2)2

6𝑥 3 +20𝑥 2 +8𝑥 −4
y’ =
(𝑥+2)2
THE CHAIN RULE
If y is a differentiable function of u and u is a differentiable
function of x, then y can be regarded as a function of x, and
that
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒖
= ( )
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒙

That is, the derivative of y with respect to x is the derivative of


y with respect to u multiplied by the derivative of u with
respect to x.
Examples of NONDIFFERENTIABLE AND
DIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTIONS when used with the
CHAIN RULE
Not Differentiable with the Chain Rule Differentiable with the Chain Rule

2 1
y=𝑥 -3 y = (𝑥 2 −3) 3

y = 2x + 4 y = 2𝑥 + 4
1
y = 7x + 8 y = (7𝑥 + 8) −
4

y = (x – 1)(2x + 9) Y = (x – 1)(2𝑥 + 9)4


6𝑥 −1 6𝑥 −1 3
y= y=( )
4+3𝑥
4+3𝑥
EXAMPLES
Find the derivative of G(x) = (𝟒𝒙 + 𝟔
𝟏) .
𝟔
Let y = 𝒖 and u = 4x + 1.
𝒅𝒚 𝟓 𝒅𝒖
 = 𝟔𝒖 and =𝟒
𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒖 𝟓 𝟓
 = ( ) = 𝟔𝒖 · 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟒𝒖
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝟓
 = 𝟐𝟒(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏)
𝒅𝒙
EXAMPLES
Find the derivative of F(x) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒.
Let y = 𝒖 and u = 3x -4.
𝟏
𝒅𝒚 𝟏 − 𝟏 𝒅𝒖
 = 𝒖 = 𝟐 and =𝟑
𝒅𝒖 𝟐 𝟐 𝒖 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒖 𝟏 𝟑
 = ( )= ·𝟑=
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝒙 𝟐 𝒖 𝟐 𝒖
𝒅𝒚 𝟑
 =
𝒅𝒙 𝟐 𝟑𝒙 −𝟒
THE GENERAL POWER RULE
If y = 𝒖𝒏 is differentiable function of u, where u
is a differentiable function of x, then for any
real number n,

𝒅 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 ′
[𝒖 ] = 𝒏𝒖 ·𝒖
𝒅𝒙
𝟑 𝟒
Find the derivative of f(x) = (𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 ) .

f’(x) = 𝟒(𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑 𝟑 2
𝟐𝒙 ) · (5 – 6𝑥 )
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
f’(x) = (20 - 24𝒙 ) (𝟓𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 )
𝟑
Find the derivative of f(x) = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙)𝟐 .
𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 −𝟏 2
f’(x) = (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙) 𝟑 · (6𝑥 + 3)
𝟑
𝟏
𝟐 −
f’(x) = (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙) 𝟑 · (6𝑥 2 + 3)
𝟑
𝟑
2 2 1
f’(x) = (6𝑥 + 3) · 3 3
3 2𝑥 +3𝑥
𝟒𝒙𝟐 +𝟐
f’(x) = 𝟑
𝟐𝒙𝟑 +𝟑𝒙
𝒙𝟐 +𝟑 𝟑
Find the derivative of f(x) = ( ) .
𝟒𝒙+𝟏
𝒙𝟐 +𝟑
Let u =
𝟒𝒙+𝟏
𝒙𝟐 +𝟑 𝟐 𝒅 𝒙𝟐 +𝟑
f’(x) = 3( ) · [ ]
𝟒𝒙+𝟏 𝒅𝒙 𝟒𝒙+𝟏
𝒙𝟐 +𝟑 𝟐 𝟒𝒙+𝟏 𝟐𝒙 −(𝒙𝟐 +𝟑)(𝟒)
f’(x) = 3( ) ·
𝟒𝒙+𝟏 (𝟒𝒙+𝟏)𝟐
𝒙𝟐 +𝟑 𝟐 (𝟖𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙)−(𝟒𝒙𝟐 +𝟏𝟐)
f’(x) = 3( ) ·
𝟒𝒙+𝟏 (𝟒𝒙+𝟏)𝟐
𝒙𝟐 +𝟑 𝟐 𝟒𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐)
f’(x) = 3( ) ·
𝟒𝒙+𝟏 (𝟒𝒙+𝟏)𝟐
𝟐
𝟑 𝒙 +𝟑 (𝟒𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙 −𝟏𝟐)
𝟐
f’(x) =
(𝟒𝒙+𝟏)𝟐

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