Safeti 3D Explosions - The Delta - Mexico

SOFTWARE
Explosion Modelling
Phast and Safeti 3D Explosions
1 DNV GL © 2013 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

Standard Safeti explosions
2 DNV GL © 2013
Safeti – 2D Damage Zone method
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Safeti Explosion Inputs – 2D Damage Zone method
 Flammable mass in the cloud

– Provided by dispersion calculations
 Ignition source locations
 Weather direction probabilities
 Event tree probabilities for immediate and delayed ignition explosions
– Default values provided
 Wiekema explosion damage level coefficients
– Default values provided
DNV GL © 2013
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Safeti Explosion Outputs – 2D Damage Zone method
 Contribution of Wiekema explosions to risk results

 Details of blast hazard zone size for immediate ignition is given in the Hazard
Zones report
 No details of delayed ignition outcomes produced (other than in diagnostic files)
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Limitations of 2D Damage Zone method
 No consideration of obstructed regions as explosion sources – explosions can

occur anywhere there is flammable mass and ignition
 All of the flammable fraction of cloud is involved in blast, not just the fraction
within an obstructed region
 No support for determining blast strength, only governed by flammable mass
 No consideration of vulnerability of targets other than traditional light/heavy blast
damage levels on indoor and outdoor population in Safeti
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Safeti 3D Explosions
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Components involved in a Safeti 3D Explosion
Cloud in one
Receptor
Release of its Obstructed Ignition
with specific
source weather Region source
vulnerability
directions
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Consolidating all of the outcomes
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An example
Ethane Storage
RRP Tank 1
RRP Tank 2
RRP Control Room
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Define the Congested Regions
Pipe Rack
Process Plant
Block 1
Block 2
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Lots of different explosions could hit the receptor
 Difference fuel
sources
 Different
dispersion
directions
 Different weather
conditions
 Different ignition
sources
 Different
obstructed
regions
 Outcomes have
different
likelihoods
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Buildings Types
 Create Building Types

 Insert Buildings of each Type on
map
 Insert a Population into a building
 Use Building Type vulnerability in
risk calculations for
– Toxic
– Explosions
– Flash Fires
– Radiation (Pool Fire, Jet Fire and
Fireball)
 Can be used to create many
different vulnerability sets
 Can be used to model escalation
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Building Information
Population Day:
Warehouse – 20 Maintenance
Control Room – 20 Controllers
Temp Building – 30 Builders
20 Operators Warehouse
Population Night:
Warehouse – 5 Maintenance
Control Room – 5 Controllers
Temp Building – 1 Security
5 Operators
Temp Building
Control Room
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Explosion Vulnerability - Overpressure
 Causes of death or injury from explosions may include impact from flying debris,
building collapse, translation impact, burns and irreversible lung damage
 Some affect individuals
outside, some in buildings
and some affect both
 Of particular interest is
estimation of probability of
death from overpressure
and/or impulse
 Guidance on this topic is
provided by a number of
sources including, CCPS
(1994), CIA (1998), API
(2003) and BEVI (2009)
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Radiation Vulnerability – Intensity Method
 Probability of Death as a
Function of Radiation and
Exposure Time are provided in
tabular form and vulnerability
must increase with radiation
intensity
 Minimum exposure time
necessary to cause this level
of harm is provided and is
common to all intensity levels
 Model uses observed radiation
level and exposure time to
assess the vulnerability
according to the table
 No interpolation so the model
behaves as a step function
DNV GL © 2013
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Risk Contours
17 DNV GL © 2013
Societal Risk Results: FN curve
DNV GL © 2013
Demonstration of Safeti 3D
Explosions
19 DNV GL © 2013
www.dnvgl.com
SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
20 DNV GL © 2013

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SOFTWARE

1 DNV GL © 2013 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

 Flammable mass in the cloud

 Contribution of Wiekema explosions to risk results

 No consideration of obstructed regions as explosion sources – explosions can

 Create Building Types

SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

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