PROXITOL glycol ethers

Shell Chemicals
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Proxitol* Glycol Ethers are used in a variety

of applications including:

Coatings Electronics
■■ Automotive ■■ Copper Clad Laminating
■■ Industrial Maintenance ■■ Laminates
■■ Architectural ■■ Photoresistors
Aerospace
■■
Other
■■ Speciality Paints
■■ Adhesives
Cleaners & Inks ■■ Pharmaceuticals
■■ All-Purpose ■■ Cosmetics
■■ Oven ■■ Industrial Processes
■■ Industrial ■■ Oil Field Chemicals
■■ Household ■■ Mining Chemicals
■■ Flexographic ■■ Agricultural Chemicals
■■ Screen Printing ■■ Textile & Leather Dyes
 Proxitol* Glycol Ethers

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for solvents that are under specific regulatory

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PROXITOL* Glycol Ethers Technical Equivalency

Shell Chemicals produce propylene glycol Methyl PROXITOL glycol ether is the methyl
and three glycol ether derivatives in Europe at ether of propylene glycol (PM), and Methyl
Pernis, NL, which are commercially available PROXITOL glycol ether acetate is the acetate
on a global basis. These propylene glycol of the methyl ether of propylene glycol (PMA).
ethers provide alternatives to the ethers of The chemical structures and the names of
ethylene glycols, which are under regulatory technically equivalent products for these
pressures around the world. PROXITOL glycol ether solvents are given in
Figure 1. Shell Chemicals PROXITOL glycol
ether solvents meet or exceed competitor and
industry specifications for these products,
including ASTM Specification D4837 for PM
and ASTM Specification D4835 for PMA.

* PROXITOL is a trademark of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group of companies

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Figure 1
Names of Technically Equivalent Products

Shell Methyl Methyl Methyl Ethyl PROXITOL*

PROXITOL* DiPROXITOL* PROXITOL* Glycol Ether
Glycol Ether Glycol Ether Glycol Ether
Acetate

Abbreviation PM DPM PMA EP or PE

Common Propylene glycol Di-Propylene glycol Propylene glycol Propylene glycol

Chemical Name Monomethyl ether Monomethyl ether Monomethyl ether monoethyl ether
acetate

Scientific Name 1-methoxy-2- 1-(2-methoxy-1- 1-methoxy-2- 1-ethoxy-2-propanol

propanol methylethoxy)-2- propanol acetate
propanol

Dow DOWANOL® PM Dowanol® DPM DOWANOL® PMA DOWANOL® EP

LyondellBasell ARCOSOLV® PM ARCOSOLV® DPM ARCOSOLV® PMA ARCOSOLV®PE

Eastman EKTASOLVE® PM n/a EKTASOLVE® PMA EKTASOLVE® EP

or EASTMAN® PM or EASTMAN® PMA or EASTMAN® EP

Chemical CH3-O-CH2-CH-OH CH3O[CH2CH(CH3)O]2H CH3-O-CH2-CH-O-C-CH3 CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH -OH-CH3

Structure CH3 CH3 O

 Proxitol* Glycol Ethers

Safety and Regulatory Advantages

As shown in Figure 2, unlike the ethers of ethylene glycol, the PROXITOL glycol ether solvents
are not listed as ‘Hazardous Air Pollutants’ (HAPS) under the US Federal Clean Air Act of
1990 and its subsequent amendments. They are not reportable under SARA Title 313, nor are
they included in California’s Proposition 65 lists of chemicals. In addition, they have higher
workplace exposure limits than equivalent ethylene glycol ethers. These regulatory advantages
for propylene glycol ethers have contributed to their significant market growth in the US.

Figure 2
Health, Safety and Environment Comparison

HAP SARA 313 CA PROP. 65 ACGIH† TLV PPM

Propylene Glycol Monomethyl No No No 100
Ether (PM)
Propylene Glycol Monomethyl No No No NE
Ether Acetate (PMA)
Dipropylene Glycol No No No 100
Monomethyl Ether (DPM)
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Yes Yes Yes 5
Ether (EM)
Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Yes Yes Yes 5
Ether (EE)
Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Yes Yes Yes 5
Ether Acetate (EEA)
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl No Yes No 20
Ether (EB)
Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Yes Yes Yes 25
Ether Acetate (EBA)

Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl No Yes No NE

Ether (DB)

†
ACGIH – American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
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Coatings Applications
The primary market for PROXITOL glycol ethers is within the coatings industry. The variety of
coatings end uses, as well as other markets for PROXITOL glycol ethers are shown in Figure 3.
The PROXITOL glycol ethers solvents have high solvencies and are slow evaporating solvents.
PROXITOL glycol ethers solvents have properties similar to the methyl (EM) and ethyl (EE) ethers
of ethylene glycol and to the acetate of EE (EEA) (Figure 4). Although the PROXITOL glycol
ethers evaporate slightly faster (Figure 5), in most applications PM and DPM can be used
to substitute for EM or EE, and DPM and PMAc can be substituted for EEA; PM and DPM is
compatible with a variety of resins, including epoxies and polyesters, and PMA is also used
extensively with acrylic and urethane resins.

Figure 3
Proxitol Glycol Ethers have multiple end uses

Coatings Automotive, Industrial Maintenance, Coil, Appliance & Equipment,

Lacquer & Stains, Architectural, Marine, Aerospace, Plastic Primer,
Resin Formulations, Colorants, Thinners, Speciality Paints

Cleaners & Inks All-Purpose, Glass, Oven, Industrial, Household, Gravure,

Flexographic, Screen Printing, Offset Printing

Electronics Copper Clad Laminating, Laminates, Photoresistors

Other Adhesives, Intermediates, Fuel Additives, Pharmaceuticals,

Cosmetics, Industrial Processes, Oil Field Chemicals, Mining
Chemicals, Agricultural Chemicals, Textile & Leather Dyes
 Proxitol* Glycol Ethers

Figure 4
Comparison of Typical Properties

MW Boiling Pt. Flash Pt. Evap. Rate Evap. Time, Density Kg/1
°C (°F) °C (°F) (BuAc = 1) seconds (Lb/gal.)
@ 20°C
PM 90 120 (248) 30 (86) 0.75 600 0.921 (7.69)
PMA 132 146 (295) 45 (113) 0.33 1,410 0.967 (8.07)
DPM 148 191 (376) 79 (174) 0.04 13,000 0.953 (7.95)
EM 76 123 (253) 38 (101) 0.53 884 0.963 (8.04)
EP 104 132 (270) 42 (108) 0.49 960 0.896 (7.48)
EE 90 135 (275) 43 (109) 0.38 1,213 0.929 (7.75)
EEA 132 153 (307) 52 (126) 0.20 2,533 0.972 (8.11)
EB 118 171 (340) 61 (142) 0.08 6,750 0.900 (7.51)
EBA 160 186 (367) 160 (320) 0.03 14,310 0.939 (7.84)
DB 162 230 (446) 110 (230) <0.01 132,000 0.955 (7.969)

Figure 5
Comparison of relative evaporation rates data by ASTM D3539 Shell Thin Film Evaporometer

0.8
Eavaporation rate relatative to nBAc

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
PM PMA EM EP EE EEA EB EBA DPM DB

Glycol Ether
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Chemical Properties
PM is completely water-soluble and is also compatible with many greases, oils and waxes,
which makes PM an excellent coupling agent. The manner in which PM partitions between
an organic and water phase, as shown in Figure 6, can be significant in cleaning applications.

Figure 6
Comparison of Solvency Properties

Hildebrand Solubility Fractional Solubility in Water Partition

Parameter (cal/cm3)1/2 Polarity @ 20°C Coefficient†† K
PM 9.5 0.110 Complete 0.17
PMA 8.5 0.090 23% –
DPM 8.7 0.050 Complete 0.064
EM 10.8 0.126 Complete 0.001
EP 9.0 0.080 Complete –
EE 9.9 0.086 Complete 0.01
EEA 8.7 0.073 25% –
EB 9.1 0.048 Complete 1.15
EBA 8.2 0.060 1% (25°C) –
DB 8.9 0.0028 Complete –

Partition Coefficients in a cyclohexane/water mixture @ 25°C, K = (organic)/(water)

††
 Proxitol* Glycol Ethers

For further information on PROXITOL Glycol Ethers or any other Shell Chemicals product,
including product technical data sheets, Safety Data Sheets, and contact information, please
visit our website at www.shell.com/chemicals .

*PROXITOL is a trademark of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group of companies.

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