Electromagnetic Theory MCQ (1) - Removed (1) - Watermark

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Electromagnetic Theory Questions and Answers

Dot and Cross Product
1. When two vectors are perpendicular, their

a) Dot product is zero b) Cross product is zero c) Both are zero
d) Both are not necessarily zero
Answer: a
Explanation: Dot product of two perpendicular vectors is given by A.B = |a||b|cos 90, which is zero.
Thus, dot product is zero and vectors are perpendicular.
2. The cross product of the vectors 3i + 4j – 5k and –i + j – 2k is,

a) 3i – 11j + 7k b) -3i + 11j + 7k
c) -3i – 11j – 7k d) -3i + 11j – 7k
Answer: b
Explanation: Cross product of two vectors is,
A X B = (a2*b3 – b2*a3)i – (a1*b3 – b1*a3)j + (a1*b2 – b1*a2)k.
Using the formula, the answer can be calculated.
3. Which of the following are not vector functions in Electromagnetic?

a) Gradient b) Divergence
c) Curl d) There is no non- vector functions in Electromagnetics
Answer: d
Explanation: Since all the coordinates in electromagnetic are space coordinates, direction and magnitude
both are important. Thus all functions are vector only.
4. The work done of vectors force F and distance d, separated by angle θ can be calculated using,
a) Cross product b) Dot product
c) Addition of two vectors d) Cannot be calculated
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Answer: b
Explanation: Force is a vector quantity, whereas distance is scalar. Work is defined as the product of
force and distance, which is given by dot product.
5. Find whether the vectors are parallel, (-2,1,-1) and (0,3,1)

a) Parallel b) Collinearly parallel
c) Not parallel d) Data insufficient
Answer: c
Explanation: Two vectors are parallel when their cross product is zero. Since their cross product is 4i +
2j – 6k (non-zero), the vectors are not parallel.
6. Lorentz force is based on,

a) Dot product b) Cross product
c) Both dot and cross product d) Independent of both
Answer: b
Explanation: Lorentz force is given by, F = q (v x B).Thus cross product is the answer.
7. Electromagnetic forces are defined by

a) Fleming’s right hand rule b) Fleming’s left hand rule
c) Faraday’s law d) Ampere law
Answer: b
Explanation: The three left hand fingers denote electric field, magnetic field and wave propagation in
free space, analogous to force, magnetic field and current respectively in any conductor.
8. The dot product of two vectors is a scalar. The cross product of two vectors is a vector. State
True/False.
a) True b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Dot product is an algebraic operation that takes two equal length sequences and returns a
scalar. Cross product is a binary operation that calculates area of two vectors, thus vector quantity.
9. Which of the Pythagorean Theorem is valid in Electromagnetics?
a) |dot product| + |dot product| = 1 b) |cross product| – |cross product| = 1
2 2
c) |dot product| + |cross product| = 1 d) |dot product| + |cross product| = 0
Answer: c
Explanation: Option c gives |cos|2 + |sin|2 = 1, which is the right answer.
10. Which of the following is not true?

a) A . (B . C) = scalar value b) A . (B x C) = scalar value
c) A x (B . C) = scalar value d) A x (B x C) = vector value
Answer: c
Explanation: Cross product of dot product of two vectors is a vector value.
“Position and Distance Vectors”.
1. The distance vector is obtained in

a) Cartesian coordinate system b) Spherical coordinate system
c) Circular coordinate system d) Space coordinate system
Answer: d
Explanation: Vector formed by connecting two points in space is distance vector. Thus, it
is obtained in space coordinate system.
2. The divergence of distance vector is
a) 0 b) 3 c) 2 d) 1
Answer: b
Explanation: The distance vector of any coordinates is generally, r = xi + yj + zk. The
divergence of r is 1 + 1 + 1 = 3.
3. Find a vector normal to a plane consisting of points p1(0,1,0), p2(1,0,1) and
p3(0,0,1)
a) –j – k b) –i – j c) –i – k d) –i – j – k
Answer: a
Explanation: Distance vector from p1 and p2 is a = i – j + k. Distance vector from p1
and p3 is b = –j + k. The vector normal to these points is a X b = -j – k.
4. The unit vector to the points p1(0,1,0), p2(1,0,1), p3(0,0,1) is

a) (-j – k)/1.414 b) (-i – k)/1.414
c) (-i – j)/1.414 d) (-i – j – k)/1.414
Answer: a
Explanation: The cross product of p1, p2, p3 is a X b = -j – k and its magnitude is 1.414.
The unit normal vector is given by, (-j –k)/1.414.
5. The polar form of Cartesian coordinates is

a) Circular coordinates b) Spherical coordinates
c) Cartesian coordinates d) Space coordinates
Answer: a
Explanation: The radius in the polar coordinates is the Pythagorean triplet-(r,x,y).Thus it
is the circular coordinates.
6. The work-electric field relation is given by
a) Volume integral
b) Surface integral
c) Line integral
d) Relation impossible
Answer: c
Explanation: The work done is given by, W = -Q ∫E dl. Thus it is line integral.
7. The distance vector can be used to compute which of the following?
a) Dot product
b) Cross product
c) Unit normal vector
d) Area
Answer: c
Explanation: The distance vector is the distance between two points on space, thus the
unit normal vector is computed using the distance vector.
8. Distance and position vectors rely on field strength. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Position or distance of a vector is dependent on the field strength.
9. Find the projection of A on B. Given A = 10j + 3k and B = 4j + 5k.
a) 6
b) 6.25
c) 6.5
d) 6.75
Answer: b
Explanation: Projection of A on B = (A . B)/|B|. Thus the answer is 40/6.4= 6.25.
10. The vector product of two vectors is given by area of the parallelogram. State
True/False.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The vector product of two vectors is A X B = AB sin θ. n, where n is
the unit normal vector to the plane given by A and B. Their magnitude is given by
|A X B|, which is the area of parallelogram.
Vector Properties
This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Vector Properties”.
1. The del operator is called as

a) Gradient
b) Curl
c) Divergence
d) Vector differential operator

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The Del operator is used to replace the differential terms, thus called vector
differential operator in electromagnetics.
2. The relation between vector potential and field strength is given by

a) Gradient
b) Divergence
c) Curl
d) Del operator
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The vector potential and field is given by, E = -Del (V).
3. The Laplacian operator is actually

a) Grad(Div V)
b) Div(Grad V)
c) Curl(Div V)
d) Div(Curl V)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Laplacian operator is the divergence of gradient of a vector, which is
also called del2V operator.
4. The divergence of curl of a vector is zero. State True or False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The curl of a vector is the circular flow of flux. The divergence of circular
flow is considered to be zero.
5. The curl of gradient of a vector is non-zero. State True or False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The differential flow of flux in a vector is a vector. The curl of this quantity
will be zero.
6. Identify the correct vector identity.

a) i . i = j . j = k . k = 0
b) i X j = j X k = k X i = 1
c) Div (u X v) = v . Curl(u) – u . Curl(v)
d) i . j = j . k = k . i = 1
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: By standard proof, Div (u X v) = v . Curl(u) – u . Curl (v).
7. A vector is said to be solenoidal when its

a) Divergence is zero
b) Divergence is unity
c) Curl is zero
d) Curl is unity
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When the divergence of a vector is zero, it is said to be solenoidal
/divergent-free.
8. The magnetic field intensity is said to be

a) Divergent
b) Curl free
c) Solenoidal
d) Rotational
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: By Maxwell’s equation, the magnetic field intensity is solenoidal due to the
absence of magnetic monopoles.
9. A field has zero divergence and it has curls. The field is said to be
a) Divergent, rotational
b) Solenoidal, rotational
c) Solenoidal, irrotational
d) Divergent, irrotational
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Since the path is not divergent, it is solenoidal and the path has curl, thus
rotational.
10. When a vector is irrotational, which condition holds good?

a) Stoke’s theorem gives non-zero value
b) Stoke’s theorem gives zero value
c) Divergence theorem is invalid
d) Divergence theorem is valid
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Stoke’ theorem is given by, ∫ A.dl = ∫ (Curl A). ds, when curl is
zero(irrotational), the theorem gives zero value.
Cartesian Coordinate System

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focuses on “Cylindrical Coordinate System”.
1. The Cartesian system is also called as

a) Circular coordinate system
b) Rectangular coordinate system
c) Spherical coordinate system
d) Space coordinate system
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The other name for Cartesian is rectangular system, which is given by
(x,y,z).
2. The volume of a parallelepiped in Cartesian is

a) dV = dx dy dz
b) dV = dx dy
c) dV = dy dz
d) dV = dx dz
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The volume of a parallelepiped is given by product of differential length,
breadth and height.
3. A charge is placed in a square container. The position of the charge with respect to the
origin can be found by
a) Spherical system
b) Circular system
c) Cartesian system
d) Space coordinate system
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Since the container possesses dimensions of a square (length, breadth and
height), it can be found by Cartesian system.
4. The scalar factor of Cartesian system is unity. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The range of Cartesian system is one to infinity. Thus the minimum scalar
value of the system is unity.
5. The angular separation between the vectors A = 4i + 3j + 5k and B = i – 2j + 2k is (in

degrees)
a) 65.8
b) 66.8
c) 67.8
d) 68.8
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The dot product the vector is 8. Angle of separation is cos θ = 8/ (7.07 X 3)
= 0.377 and θ = cos-1(0.377) = 67.8.
6. The Cartesian coordinates can be related to cylindrical coordinates and spherical

coordinates. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: All the coordinate systems are inter-convertible and all the vector operations
are applicable to it.
7. Transform the vector A = 3i – 2j – 4k at P(2,3,3) to cylindrical coordinates

a) -3.6j – 4k
b) -3.6j + 4k
c) 3.6j – 4k
d) 3.6j + 4k
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Convert the Cartesian form to cylindrical form by formula and substitute the
points to get -3.6j – 4k.
8. The spherical equivalent of the vector B = yi + (x + z)j located at (-2,6,3) is given by

a) (7,64.62,71.57)
b) (7,-64.62,-71.57)
c) (7,-64.62,71.57)
d) (7,64.62,-71.57)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Substitute the points in the vector and convert the Cartesian to cylindrical
form to get radius as 7, plane angle1 as 64.62 and plane angle2 as -71.57.
9. Which of the following criteria is used to choose a coordinate system?

a) Distance
b) Intensity
c) Magnitude
d) Geometry
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The coordinate system is chosen based on the geometry of the given
problem. From a point charge +Q, the electric field spreads in all 360 degrees. The
calculation of electric field in this case will be spherical system.
10. Vector transformation followed by coordinate point substitution and vice-versa, both
given the same result. Choose the best answer.
a) Possible, when the vector is constant
b) Possible, when the vector is variable
c) Possible in all cases
d) Not possible
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The order of vector transformation and point substitution will not affect the
result, only when the vector is a constant.
Cylindrical Coordinate System

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focuses on “Spherical Coordinate System”.
1. The cylindrical coordinate system is also referred to as

a) Cartesian system
b) Circular system
c) Spherical system
d) Space system
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The cylindrical coordinates(r,φ,z) is also called as circular system and is
used for systems with circular dimensions.
2. Transform the vector B=yi+(x+z)j located at point (-2,6,3) into cylindrical coordinates.
a) (6.325,-71.57,3)
b) (6.325,71.57,3)
c) (6.325,73.57,3)
d) (6.325,-73.57,3)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: ρ = √(x2+y2) = √40 = 6.325
Φ = tan-1(y/x) = tan-1(-6/2) = -71.57
z = 3.
3. Cylindrical systems have the following scalar values respectively

a) 1, ρ ,1
b) 1, 1, 1
c) 0,1,0
d) 1,0,0
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The range of radius is one to unity, that of plane angle is one to 360 degree
and that of z plane is one to infinity. Thus the minimum scalar factor has to be 1, ρ , 1.
4. A charge located at point p (5,30⁰,2) is said to be in which coordinate system?

a) Cartesian system
b) Cylindrical system
c) Spherical system
d) Space system
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The cylindrical system is of the form (ρ, φ, z), which relates the point given
in the question.
5. Cylindrical system is employed in waveguides. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Cylindrical systems are employed in circular waveguides, whereas
Cartesian systems are employed in rectangular waveguides.
6. The pressure inside a piston cylinder is a variable of

a) Radius
b) Plane angle
c) Z plane distance
d) Constant, not a variable
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Pressure varies up and down in a cylinder due to suction. Thus it is
dependent on the z plane distance of the cylinder.
7. Charges filled inside a cylindrical will possess flux in which direction?

a) Upwards
b) Downwards
c) Laterally outwards
d) Inwards
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The flux due to the charges will act outside the cylinder. Since the cylinder
possesses curved surfaces, it will flow laterally outwards.
8. Rectangular waveguides dominate the circular waveguides. Find the reason.

a) Low cut-off frequency
b) Easy to design
c) More wave propagation
d) The statement is false
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Due to linear design, the desired dimensions can be easily constructed using
rectangular waveguides than circular ones.
9. Transform the spherical system B = (10/r)i + (10cos θ)j + k into cylindrical form at (5,
π/2, -2)
a) 2.467i + j + 1.167k
b) 2.467i – j + 1.167k
c) 2.467i – j – 1.167k
d) 2.467i + j – 1.167k
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The equivalent cylindrical form is given by,
B = (10sin θ/r + rcos2θ)i + j + (10cos θ/r –r sin θ cos θ)k
At (5, π/2, -2), r = √(52+-22) = √29
sin θ = 5/√29 and cos θ = -2/√29
Thus, B = 2.467i + j + 1.167k.
10. Convert the given rectangular coordinates A(2,3,1) into corresponding cylindrical
coordinates
a) (3.21,56.31,1)
b) (3.21,57.31,0)
c) (3.61,57.31,0)
d) (3.61,56.31,1)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: ρ = √(x2+y2) = √13 = 3.61
Φ = tan-1(y/x) = 56.31
z=1
Thus, A = (3.61,56.31,1).
Spherical Coordinate System

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This set of Electromagnetic Theory Multiple Choice Questions & Answers focuses on
“Spherical Coordinate System”.
1. Convert the point (3,4,5) from Cartesian to spherical coordinates

a) (7.07,45⁰,53⁰)
b) (0.707,45⁰,53⁰)
c) (7.07,54⁰,63⁰)
d) (0.707,54⁰,63⁰)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: r = √(x2+y2+z2) = √50 = 7.07
Θ = cos-1(z/r) = cos-1(5/5√2) = 45⁰
Φ = tan-1(y/x) = tan-1(4/3) = 53⁰.
2. Example of spherical system in the following is

a) Charge in space
b) Charge in box
c) Charge in dielectric
d) Uncharged system
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: From a point charge +Q, the electric field spreads in all 360 degrees. The
calculation of electric field in this case will be spherical system. Thus it is charge in the
space.
3. Spherical systems are employed in waveguides. State True/False

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: There is no waveguide designed spherically to avoid absorption, rather than
propagation.
4. Choose which of following condition is not required for a waveguide to exist.

a) The dimensions should be in accordance with desired frequency
b) Cut-off frequency should be minimum 6GHz
c) The shape should be spherical
d) No specific condition is required for waveguide design
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A waveguide need not be spherical, it has to be rectangular or circular, as it
violates the propagation of the wave.
5. Find the spherical coordinates of A(2,3,-1)

a) (3.74, 105.5⁰, 56.13⁰)
b) (3.74, 105.5⁰, 56.31⁰)
c) (3.74, 106.5⁰, 56.13⁰)
d) (3.74, 106.5⁰, 56.31⁰)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: r = √(x2+y2+z2) = √14 = 3.74
Θ = cos-1(z/r) = cos-1(-1/3.74) = 105.5⁰
Φ = tan-1(y/x) = tan-1(3/2) = 56.31⁰.
6. Find the Cartesian coordinates of B(4,25⁰,120⁰)

a) (0.845, 1.462, 3.625)
b) (-0.845, 1.462, 3.625)
c) (-8.45, 2.462, 6.325)
d) (8.45, 2.462, 6.325)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: x = r sin θ cos φ = 4 sin25⁰ cos 120⁰ = -0.845
y = r sin θ sin φ = 4 sin 25⁰ sin 120⁰ = 1.462

z = r cos θ = 4 cos 25⁰ = 3.625.
7. The area of sphere can be computed from the sphere volume. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: On double integrating the differential volume, the area can be computed for
a sphere.
8. Given B= (10/r)i+( rcos θ) j+k in spherical coordinates. Find Cartesian points at (-

3,4,0)
a) -2i + j
b) 2i + k
c) i + 2j
d) –i – 2k
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: r = √(x2+y2+z2) = √25 = 5
Θ = cos-1(z/r) = 1
Φ = tan-1(y/x) = tan-1(-4/3)
Thus, B = -2i + j.
9. The scalar factor of spherical coordinates is

a) 1, r, r sin θ
b) 1, r, r
c) r, r, 1
d) r, 1, r
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The radius varies from unity to infinity, the plane angle from zero to 360 ⁰
and the z plane from (-∞, ∞) .
10. Transform the vector (4,-2,-4) at (1,2,3) into spherical coordinates.

a) 3.197i – 2.393j + 4.472k
b) -3.197i + 2.393j – 4.472k
c) 3.197i + 2.393j + 4.472k
d) -3.197i – 2.393j – 4.472k
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: r = √(x2+y2+z2) = 3.74
Θ = cos-1(z/r) = cos-1(3/3.74) = 36.7⁰
Φ = tan-1(y/x) = tan-1(2/1) = 63.4⁰
A = (4 sin θ cos φ – 2 sin θ sin φ – 4cos θ)i + (4 cos θ cos φ – 2 cos θ sin φ + 4 sin θ)j + (-
4 sin φ – 2 cos φ)k
On substituting r, θ, φ, A = -3.197i + 2.393j – 4.472k.
Gradient
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focuses on “Gradient”.
1. Gradient of a function is a constant. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Gradient of any scalar function may be defined as a vector. The vector’s
magnitude and direction are those of the maximum space rate of change of φ.
2. The mathematical perception of the gradient is said to be

a) Tangent
b) Chord
c) Slope
d) Arc
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The gradient is the rate of change of space of flux in electromagnetics. This
is analogous to the slope in mathematics.
3. Divergence of gradient of a vector function is equivalent to

a) Laplacian operation
b) Curl operation
c) Double gradient operation
d) Null vector
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Div (Grad V) = (Del)2V, which is the Laplacian operation. A function is
said to be harmonic in nature, when its Laplacian tends to zero.
4. The gradient of xi + yj + zk is
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Grad (xi + yj + zk) = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3. In other words, the gradient of any
position vector is 3.
5. Find the gradient of t = x2y+ ez at the point p(1,5,-2)

a) i + 10j + 0.135k
b) 10i + j + 0.135k
c) i + 0.135j + 10k
d) 10i + 0.135j + k
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Grad(t) = 2xy i + x2 j + ez k. On substituting p(1,5,-2), we get 10i + j +
0.135k.
6. Curl of gradient of a vector is

a) Unity
b) Zero
c) Null vector
d) Depends on the constants of the vector
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Gradient of any function leads to a vector. Similarly curl of that vector gives
another vector, which is always zero for all constants of the vector. A zero value in vector
is always termed as null vector(not simply a zero).
7. Find the gradient of the function given by, x2 + y2 + z2 at (1,1,1)

a) i + j + k
b) 2i + 2j + 2k
c) 2xi + 2yj + 2zk
d) 4xi + 2yj + 4zk

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Grad(x2+y2+z2) = 2xi + 2yj + 2zk. Put x=1, y=1, z=1, the gradient will be 2i
+ 2j + 2k.
8. The gradient can be replaced by which of the following?

a) Maxwell equation
b) Volume integral
c) Differential equation
d) Surface integral
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Since gradient is the maximum space rate of change of flux, it can be
replaced by differential equations.
9. When gradient of a function is zero, the function lies parallel to the x-axis. State
True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gradient of a function is zero implies slope is zero. When slope is zero, the
function will be parallel to x-axis or y value is constant.
10. Find the gradient of the function sin x + cos y.

a) cos x i – sin y j
b) cos x i + sin y j
c) sin x i – cos y j
d) sin x i + cos y j
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Grad (sin x + cos y) gives partial differentiation of sin x+ cos y with respect
to x and partial differentiation of sin x + cos y with respect to y and similarly with respect
to z. This gives cos x i – sin y j + 0 k = cos x i – sin y j.
Divergence
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focuses on “Divergence”.
1. The divergence of a vector is a scalar. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Divergence can be computed only for a vector. Since it is the measure of
outward flow of flux from a small closed surface as the volume shrinks to zero, the result
will be directionless (scalar).
2. The divergence concept can be illustrated using Pascal’s law. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Consider the illustration of Pascal’s law, wherein a ball is pricked with
holes all over its body. After water is filled in it and pressure is applied on it, the water
flows out the holes uniformly. This is analogous to the flux flowing outside a closed
surface as the volume reduces.
3. Compute the divergence of the vector xi + yj + zk.

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The vector given is a position vector. The divergence of any position vector
is always 3.
4. Find the divergence of the vector yi + zj + xk.

a) -1
b) 0
c) 1
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Div (yi + zj + xk) = Dx(y) + Dy(z) + Dz(x), which is zero. Here D refers to
partial differentiation.
5. Given D = e-xsin y i – e-xcos y j

Find divergence of D.
a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Div (D) = Dx(e-xsin y) + Dy(-e-xcos y ) = -e-xsin y + e-xsin y = 0.
6. Find the divergence of the vector F= xe-x i + y j – xz k

a) (1 – x)(1 + e-x)
b) (x – 1)(1 + e-x)
c) (1 – x)(1 – e)
d) (x – 1)(1 – e)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Div(F) = Dx(xe-x) + Dy(y)+Dz(-xz) = -xe-x + e-x + 1 – x =
e-x(1 – x) + (1 – x) = (1 – x)(1 + e-x).
7. Determine the divergence of F = 30 i + 2xy j + 5xz2 k at (1,1,-0.2) and state the nature
of the field.
a) 1, solenoidal
b) 0, solenoidal
c) 1, divergent
d) 0, divergent
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Div(F) = Dx(30) + Dy(2xy) + Dz(5xz2) = 0 + 2x + 10xz = 2x + 10xz
Divergence at (1,1,-0.2) will give zero. As the divergence is zero, field is solenoidal.
Alternate/Shortcut: Without calculation, we can easily choose option b, as by theory
when the divergence is zero, the vector is solenoidal. Option b is the only one which is
satisfying this condition.
8. Find whether the vector is solenoidal, E = yz i + xz j + xy k

a) Yes, solenoidal
b) No, non-solenoidal
c) Solenoidal with negative divergence

d) Variable divergence
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Div(E) = Dx(yz) + Dy(xz) + Dz(xy) = 0. The divergence is zero, thus vector
is divergentless or solenoidal.
9. Find the divergence of the field, P = x2yz i + xz k

a) xyz + 2x
b) 2xyz + x
c) xyz + 2z
d) 2xyz + z
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Div(P) = Dx(x2yz) + Dy(0) + Dz(xz) = 2xyz + x, which is option b. For
different values of x,y,z the divergence of the field varies.
10. Identify the nature of the field, if the divergence is zero and curl is also zero.
a) Solenoidal, irrotational
b) Divergent, rotational
c) Solenoidal, irrotational
d) Divergent, rotational
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Since the vector field does not diverge (moves in a straight path), the
divergence is zero. Also, the path does not possess any curls, so the field is irrotational.
“Curl”.
1. Curl is defined as the angular velocity at every point of the vector field. State
True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Curl is defined as the circulation of a vector per unit area. It is the cross
product of the del operator and any vector field. Circulation implies the angular at every
point of the vector field. It is obtained by multiplying the component of the vector
parallel to the specified closed path at each point along it, by the differential path length
and summing the results.
2. The curl of curl of a vector is given by,

a) Div(Grad V) – (Del)2V
b) Grad(Div V) – (Del)2V
c) (Del)2V – Div(Grad V)
d) (Del)2V – Grad(Div V)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Curl (Curl V) = Grad (Div V) – (Del)2V is a standard result of the curl
operation.
3. Which of the following theorem use the curl operation?

a) Green’s theorem
b) Gauss Divergence theorem
c) Stoke’s theorem
d) Maxwell equation
View Answer
4. The curl of a curl of a vector gives a
a) Scalar
b) Vector
c) Zero value
d) Non zero value
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Curl is always defined for vectors only. The curl of a vector is a vector only.
The curl of the resultant vector is also a vector only.
5. Find the curl of the vector and state its nature at (1,1,-0.2)
F = 30 i + 2xy j + 5xz2 k
a) √4.01
b) √4.02
c) √4.03
d) √4.04
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Curl F = -5z2 j + 2y k. At (1,1,-0.2), Curl F = -0.2 j + 2 k. |Curl F| = √(-
0.22+22) = √4.04.
6. Is the vector is irrotational. E = yz i + xz j + xy k

a) Yes
b) No
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Curl E = i(Dy(xy) – Dz(xz)) – j (Dx(xy) – Dz(yz)) + k(Dx(xz) – Dy(yz)) =
i(x – x) – j(y – y) + k(z – z) = 0
Since the curl is zero, the vector is irrotational or curl-free.
7. Find the curl of A = (y cos ax)i + (y + ex)k

a) 2i – ex j – cos ax k
b) i – ex j – cos ax k
c) 2i – ex j + cos ax k
d) i – ex j + cos ax k
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Curl A = i(Dy(y + ex)) – j (Dx(y + ex) – Dz(y cos ax)) + k(-Dy(y cos ax))
= 1.i – j(ex) – k cos ax = i – ex j – cos ax k.
8. Find the curl of the vector A = yz i + 4xy j + y k

a) xi + j + (4y – z)k
b) xi + yj + (z – 4y)k
c) i + j + (4y – z)k
d) i + yj + (4y – z)k
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Curl A = i(Dy(y) – Dz(0)) – j (Dx(0) – Dz(yz)) + k(Dx(4xy) – Dy(yz)) =
i + y j + (4y – z)k, which is option d.
9. Curl cannot be employed in which one of the following?

a) Directional coupler
b) Magic Tee
c) Isolator and Terminator
d) Waveguides
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In the options a, b, c, the EM waves travel both in linear and angular
motion, which involves curl too. But in waveguides, as the name suggests, only guided
propagation occurs (no bending or curl of waves).
10. Which of the following Maxwell equations use curl operation?

a) Maxwell 1st and 2nd equation
b) Maxwell 3rd and 4th equation
c) All the four equations
d) None of the equations
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Maxwell 1st equation, Curl (H) = J (Ampere law)
Maxwell 2nd equation, Curl (E) = -D(B)/Dt (Faraday’s law)
Maxwell 3rd equation, Div (D) = Q (Gauss law for electric field)
Maxwell 4th equation, Div (B) = 0(Gauss law for magnetic field)
It is clear that only 1st and 2nd equations use the curl operation.
“Line Integral”.
1. An electric field is given as E = 6y2z i + 12xyz j + 6xy2 k. An incremental path is given

by dl = -3 i + 5 j – 2 k mm. The work done in moving a 2mC charge along the path if the
location of the path is at p(0,2,5) is (in Joule)
a) 0.64
b) 0.72
c) 0.78
d) 0.80
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: W = -Q E.dl
W = -2 X 10-3 X (6y2z i + 12xyz j + 6xy2 k) . (-3 i + 5 j -2 k)
At p(0,2,5), W = -2(-18.22.5) X 10-3 = 0.72 J.
2. The integral form of potential and field relation is given by line integral. State
True/False
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Vab = -∫ E.dl is the relation between potential and field. It is clear that it is
given by line integral.
3. If V = 2x2y – 5z, find its electric field at point (-4,3,6)

a) 47.905
b) 57.905
c) 67.905
d) 77.905
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: E = -Grad (V) = -4xy i – 2×2 j + 5k
At (-4,3,6), E = 48 i – 32 j + 5 k, |E| = √3353 = 57.905 units.
4. Find the potential between two points p(1,-1,0) and q(2,1,3) with E = 40xy i + 20x2 j +
2k
a) 104
b) 105
c) 106
d) 107
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: V = -∫ E.dl = -∫ (40xy dx + 20x2 dy + 2 dz) , from q to p.
On integrating, we get 106 volts.
5. Find the potential between a(-7,2,1) and b(4,1,2). Given E = (-6y/x2 )i + ( 6/x) j + 5 k.
a) -8.014
b) -8.114
c) -8.214
d) -8.314
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: V = -∫ E.dl = -∫ (-6y/x2 )dx + ( 6/x)dy + 5 dz, from b to a.
On integrating, we get -8.214 volts.
6. The potential of a uniformly charged line with density λ is given by,

λ/(2πε) ln(b/a). State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The electric field intensity is given by, E = λ/(2πεr)
Vab = -∫ E.dr = -∫ λ/(2πεr). On integrating from b to a, we get λ/(2πε) ln(b/a).
7. A field in which a test charge around any closed surface in static path is zero is called
a) Solenoidal
b) Rotational
c) Irrotational
d) Conservative
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Work done in moving a charge in a closed path is zero. It is expressed as, ∫
E.dl = 0. The field having this property is called conservative or lamellar field.
8. The potential in a lamellar field is

a) 1
b) 0
c) -1
d) ∞
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Work done in a lamellar field is zero. ∫ E.dl = 0,thus ∑V = 0. The potential
will be zero.
9. Line integral is used to calculate

a) Force
b) Area
c) Volume
d) Length
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Length is a linear quantity, whereas area is two dimensional and volume is
three dimensional. Thus single or line integral can be used to find length in general.
10. The energy stored in the inductor 100mH with a current of 2A is

a) 0.2
b) 0.4
c) 0.6
d) 0.8
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: dw = ei dt = Li di, W = L∫ i.di
Energy E = 0.5LI2 = 0.5 X 0.1 X 22 = 0.2 Joule.
“Surface Integral”.
1. Gauss law for electric field uses surface integral. State True/False
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gauss law states that the electric flux passing through any closed surface is
equal to the total charge enclosed by the surface. Thus the charge is defined as a surface
integral.
2. Surface integral is used to compute

a) Surface
b) Area
c) Volume
d) density
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Surface integral is used to compute area, which is the product of two
quantities length and breadth. Thus it is two dimensional integral.
3. Coulomb’s law can be derived from Gauss law. State True/ False
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gauss law, Q = ∫∫D.ds
By considering area of a sphere, ds = r2sin θ dθ dφ.
On integrating, we get Q = 4πr2D and D = εE, where E = F/Q.
Thus, we get Coulomb’s law F = Q1 x Q2/4∏εR2.
4. Evaluate Gauss law for D = 5r2/4 i in spherical coordinates with r = 4m and θ = π/2.
a) 600
b) 599.8
c) 588.9
d) 577.8
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: ∫∫ ( 5r2/4) . (r2 sin θ dθ dφ), which is the integral to be evaluated.
Put r = 4m and substitute θ = 0→ π/4 and φ = 0→ 2π, the integral evaluates to 588.9.
5. Compute the Gauss law for D= 10ρ3/4 i, in cylindrical coordinates with ρ= 4m, z=0
and z=5.
a) 6100 π
b) 6200 π
c) 6300 π
d) 6400 π
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: ∫∫ D.ds = ∫∫ (10ρ3/4).(ρ dφ dz), which is the integral to be evaluated. Put ρ =
4m, z = 0→5 and φ = 0→2π, the integral evaluates to 6400π.
6. Compute divergence theorem for D= 5r2/4 i in spherical coordinates between r=1 and
r=2.
a) 80π
b) 5π
c) 75π
d) 85π
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: ∫∫ ( 5r2/4) . (r2 sin θ dθ dφ), which is the integral to be evaluated. Since it is
double integral, we need to keep only two variables and one constant compulsorily.
Evaluate it as two integrals keeping r = 1 for the first integral and r = 2 for the second
integral, with φ = 0→2π and θ = 0→ π. The first integral value is 80π, whereas second
integral gives -5π. On summing both integrals, we get 75π.
7. Find the value of divergence theorem for A = xy2 i + y3 j + y2z k for a cuboid given by
0<x<1, 0<y<1 and 0<z<1.
a) 1
b) 4/3
c) 5/3
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A cuboid has six faces. ∫∫A.ds = ∫∫Ax=0 dy dz + ∫∫Ax=1 dy dz + ∫∫Ay=0 dx
dz + ∫∫Ay=1 dx dz + ∫∫Az=0 dy dx + ∫∫Az=1 dy dx. Substituting A and integrating we get
(1/3) + 1 + (1/3) = 5/3.
8. The ultimate result of the divergence theorem evaluates which one of the following?
a) Field intensity
b) Field density
c) Potential
d) Charge and flux
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Gauss law states that the electric flux passing through any closed surface is
equal to the total charge enclosed by the surface. Thus, it is given by, ψ = ∫∫ D.ds= Q,
where the divergence theorem computes the charge and flux, which are both the same.
9. Find the value of divergence theorem for the field D = 2xy i + x2 j for the rectangular
parallelepiped given by x = 0 and 1, y = 0 and 2, z = 0 and 3.
a) 10
b) 12
c) 14
d) 16
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: While evaluating surface integral, there has to be two variables and one
constant compulsorily. ∫∫D.ds = ∫∫Dx=0 dy dz + ∫∫Dx=1 dy dz + ∫∫Dy=0 dx dz + ∫∫Dy=2 dx
dz + ∫∫Dz=0 dy dx + ∫∫Dz=3 dy dx. Put D in equation, the integral value we get is 12.
10. If D = 2xy i + 3yz j + 4xz k, how much flux passes through x = 3 plane for which -
1<y<2 and 0<z<4?
a) 12
b) 24
c) 36
d) 48
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: By Gauss law, ψ = ∫∫ D.ds, where ds = dydz i at the x-plane. Put x = 3 and
integrate at -1<y<2 and 0<z<4, we get 12 X 3 = 36.
“Volume Integral”.
1. The divergence theorem converts

a) Line to surface integral
b) Surface to volume integral
c) Volume to line integral
d) Surface to line integral

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The divergence theorem is given by, ∫∫ D.ds = ∫∫∫ Div (D) dv. It is clear that
it converts surface (double) integral to volume(triple) integral.
2. The triple integral is used to compute volume. State True/False

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The triple integral, as the name suggests integrates the function/quantity
three times. This gives volume which is the product of three independent quantities.
3. The volume integral is three dimensional. State True/False

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Volume integral integrates the independent quantities by three times. Thus it
is said to be three dimensional integral or triple integral.
4. Find the charged enclosed by a sphere of charge density ρ and radius a.

a) ρ (4πa2)
b) ρ(4πa3/3)
c) ρ(2πa2)
d) ρ(2πa3/3)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The charge enclosed by the sphere is Q = ∫∫∫ ρ dv.
Where, dv = r2 sin θ dr dθ dφ and on integrating with r = 0->a, φ = 0->2π and θ = 0->π,

we get Q = ρ(4πa3/3).
5. Evaluate Gauss law for D = 5r2/4 i in spherical coordinates with r = 4m and θ = π/2 as
volume integral.
a) 600
b) 588.9
c) 577.8
d) 599.7
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: ∫∫ D.ds = ∫∫∫ Div (D) dv, where RHS needs to be computed.
The divergence of D given is, Div(D) = 5r and dv = r2 sin θ dr dθ dφ. On integrating, r =
0->4, φ = 0->2π and θ = 0->π/4, we get Q = 588.9.
6. Compute divergence theorem for D = 5r2/4 i in spherical coordinates between r = 1 and

r = 2 in volume integral.
a) 80 π
b) 5 π
c) 75 π
d) 85 π
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: D.ds = ∫∫∫ Div (D) dv, where RHS needs to be computed.
The divergence of D given is, Div(D) = 5r and dv = r2 sin θ dr dθ dφ. On integrating, r =
1->2, φ = 0->2π and θ = 0->π, we get Q = 75 π.
7. Compute the Gauss law for D = 10ρ3/4 i, in cylindrical coordinates with ρ = 4m, z = 0
and z = 5, hence find charge using volume integral.
a) 6100 π
b) 6200 π
c) 6300 π
d) 6400 π
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Q = D.ds = ∫∫∫ Div (D) dv, where RHS needs to be computed.
The divergence of D given is, Div(D) = 10 ρ2 and dv = ρ dρ dφ dz. On integrating, ρ = 0-
>4, φ = 0->2π and z = 0->5, we get Q = 6400 π.
8. Using volume integral, which quantity can be calculated?

a) area of cube
b) area of cuboid
c) volume of cube
d) distance of vector
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The volume integral gives the volume of a vector in a region. Thus volume
of a cube can be computed.
9. Compute the charge enclosed by a cube of 2m each edge centered at the origin and
with the edges parallel to the axes. Given D = 10y3/3 j.
a) 20
b) 70/3
c) 80/3
d) 30
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Div(D) = 10y2
∫∫∫Div (D) dv = ∫∫∫ 10y2 dx dy dz. On integrating, x = -1->1, y = -1->1 and z = -1->1, we
get Q = 80/3.
10. Find the value of divergence theorem for the field D = 2xy i + x2 j for the rectangular
parallelepiped given by x = 0 and 1, y = 0 and 2, z = 0 and 3.
a) 10
b) 12
c) 14
d) 16
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Div (D) = 2y
∫∫∫Div (D) dv = ∫∫∫ 2y dx dy dz. On integrating, x = 0->1, y = 0->2 and z = 0->3, we get Q
= 12.
“Laplacian Operator”.
1. The point form of Gauss law is given by, Div(V) = ρv

State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The integral form of Gauss law is ∫∫∫ ρv dv = V. Thus differential or point
form will be Div(V) = ρv.
2. If a function is said to be harmonic, then

a) Curl(Grad V) = 0
b) Div(Curl V) = 0
c) Div(Grad V) = 0
d) Grad(Curl V) = 0
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Though option a & b are also correct, for harmonic fields, the Laplacian of
electric potential is zero. Now, Laplacian refers to Div(Grad V), which is zero for
harmonic fields.
3. The Poisson equation cannot be determined from Laplace equation. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Poisson equation is a general case for Laplace equation. If volume
charge density exists for a field, then (Del)2V= -ρv/ε, which is called Poisson equation.
4. Given the potential V = 25 sin θ, in free space, determine whether V satisfies Laplace’s
equation.
a) Yes
b) No
c) Data sufficient
d) Potential is not defined
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: (Del)2V = 0
(Del)2V = (Del)2(25 sin θ), which is not equal to zero. Thus the field does not satisfy
Laplace equation.
5. If a potential V is 2V at x = 1mm and is zero at x=0 and volume charge density is -

106εo, constant throughout the free space region between x = 0 and x = 1mm. Calculate
V at x = 0.5mm.
a) 0.875
b) 0.675
c) 0.475
d) 0.275
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Del2(V) = -ρv/εo= +106
On integrating twice with respect to x, V = 106. (x2/2) + C1x + C2.
Substitute the boundary conditions, x = 0, V = 0 and x = 1mm, V = 2V in V,
C1 = 1500 and C2 = 0. At x = 0.5mm, we get, V = 0.875V.
6. Find the Laplace equation value of the following potential field

V = x2 – y2 + z2
a) 0
b) 2
c) 4
d) 6
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: (Del) V = 2x – 2y + 2z
(Del)2 V = 2 – 2 + 2= 2, which is non zero value. Thus it doesn’t satisfy Laplace
equation.

V = ρ cosφ + z
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: (Del)2 (ρ cosφ + z)= (cos φ/r) – (cos φ/r) + 0
= 0, this satisfies Laplace equation. The value is 0.

V = r cos θ + φ
a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: (Del)2 (r cos θ + φ) = (2 cosθ/r) – (2 cosθ/r) + 0
= 0, this satisfies Laplace equation. This value is 0.
9. The Laplacian operator cannot be used in which one the following?

a) Two dimensional heat equation
b) Two dimensional wave equation
c) Poisson equation
d) Maxwell equation
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The first three options are general cases of Laplacian equation. Maxwell
equation uses only divergence and curl, which is first order differential equation, whereas
Laplacian operator is second order differential equation. Thus Maxwell equation will not
employ Laplacian operator.
10. When a potential satisfies Laplace equation, then it is said to be

a) Solenoidal
b) Divergent
c) Lamellar
d) Harmonic
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A field satisfying the Laplace equation is termed as harmonic field.
“Stoke’s Theorem”.
1. Find the value of Stoke’s theorem for y i + z j + x k.

a) i + j
b) j + k
c) i + j + k
d) –i – j – k
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The curl of y i + z j + x k is i(0-1) – j(1-0) + k(0-1) =
-i –j –k. Since the curl is zero, the value of Stoke’s theorem is zero. The function is said
to be irrotational.
2. The Stoke’s theorem uses which of the following operation?

a) Divergence
b) Gradient
c) Curl
d) Laplacian
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: ∫A.dl = ∫∫ Curl (A).ds is the expression for Stoke’s theorem. It is clear that
the theorem uses curl operation.
3. Which of the following theorem convert line integral to surface integral?

a) Gauss divergence and Stoke’s theorem
b) Stoke’s theorem only

c) Green’ s theorem only
d) Stoke’s and Green’s theorem
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The Stoke’s theorem is given by ∫A.dl = ∫∫ Curl (A).ds. Green’s theorem is
given by, ∫ F dx + G dy = ∫∫ (dG/dx – dF/dy) dx dy. It is clear that both the theorems
convert line to surface integral.
4. Find the value of Stoke’s theorem for A = x i + y j + z k. The state of the function will
be
a) Solenoidal
b) Divergent
c) Rotational
d) Curl free
View Answer
Answer: Since curl is required, we need not bother about divergence property. The curl of
the function will be i(0-0) – j(0-0) + k(0-0) = 0. The curl is zero, thus the function is said
to be irrotational or curl free.
5. The Stoke’s theorem can be used to find which of the following?

a) Area enclosed by a function in the given region
b) Volume enclosed by a function in the given region
c) Linear distance
d) Curl of the function
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It states that the line integral of a function gives the surface area of the
function enclosed by the given region. This is computed using the double integral of the
curl of the function.
6. The energy stored in an inductor 2H and current 4A is

a) 4
b) 8
c) 12
d) 16
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: From Stoke’s theorem, we can calculate energy stored in an inductor as
0.5Li2. E = 0.5 X 2 X 42 = 16 units.
7. The voltage of a capacitor 12F with a rating of 2J energy is

a) 0.57
b) 5.7
c) 57
d) 570
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We can compute the energy stored in a capacitor from Stoke’s theorem as
0.5Cv2. Thus given energy is 0.5 X 12 X v2. We get v = 0.57 volts.
8. Find the power, given energy E = 2J and current density J = x2 varies from x = 0 and x
= 1.
a) 1/3
b) 2/3
c) 1
d) 4/3
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: From Stoke’s theorem, we can calculate P = E X I = ∫ E. J ds
= 2∫ x2 dx as x = 0->1. We get P = 2/3 units.
9. The conductivity of a material with current density 1 unit and electric field 200 μV is
a) 2000
b) 3000
c) 4000
d) 5000
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The current density is given by, J = σE. To find conductivity, σ = J/E =
1/200 X 10-6 = 5000.
10. The resistivity of a material with resistance 200 ohm, length 10m and area twice that
of the length is
a) 200
b) 300
c) 400
d) 500
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Resistance calculated from Ohm’s law and Stoke’s theorem will be R =
ρL/A. To get resistivity, ρ = RA/L = 200 X 20/10 = 400.
“Green’s Theorem”.
1. Mathematically, the functions in Green’s theorem will be

a) Continuous derivatives
b) Discrete derivatives
c) Continuous partial derivatives
d) Discrete partial derivatives
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The Green’s theorem states that if L and M are functions of (x,y) in an open
region containing D and having continuous partial derivatives then,
∫ (F dx + G dy) = ∫∫(dG/dx – dF/dy)dx dy, with path taken anticlockwise.
2. Find the value of Green’s theorem for F = x2 and G = y2 is

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: ∫∫(dG/dx – dF/dy)dx dy = ∫∫(0 – 0)dx dy = 0. The value of Green’s theorem
gives zero for the functions given.
3. Which of the following is not an application of Green’s theorem?

a) Solving two dimensional flow integrals
b) Area surveying
c) Volume of plane figures
d) Centroid of plane figures
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In physics, Green’s theorem is used to find the two dimensional flow
integrals. In plane geometry, it is used to find the area and centroid of plane figures.
4. The path traversal in calculating the Green’s theorem is

a) Clockwise
b) Anticlockwise
c) Inwards
d) Outwards
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Green’s theorem calculates the area traversed by the functions in the
region in the anticlockwise direction. This converts the line integral to surface integral.
5. Calculate the Green’s value for the functions F = y2 and G = x2 for the region x = 1 and
y = 2 from origin.
a) 0
b) 2
c) -2
d) 1
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: ∫∫(dG/dx – dF/dy)dx dy = ∫∫(2x – 2y)dx dy. On integrating for x = 0->1 and
y = 0->2, we get Green’s value as -2.
6. If two functions A and B are discrete, their Green’s value for a region of circle of
radius a in the positive quadrant is
a) ∞
b) -∞
c) 0
d) Does not exist
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Green’s theorem is valid only for continuous functions. Since the given
functions are discrete, the theorem is invalid or does not exist.
7. Applications of Green’s theorem are meant to be in

a) One dimensional
b) Two dimensional
c) Three dimensional
d) Four dimensional
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Since Green’s theorem converts line integral to surface integral, we get the
value as two dimensional. In other words the functions are variable with respect to x,y,
which is two dimensional.
8. The Green’s theorem can be related to which of the following theorems

mathematically?
a) Gauss divergence theorem
b) Stoke’s theorem
c) Euler’s theorem
d) Leibnitz’s theorem
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Green’s theorem is a special case of the Kelvin- Stokes theorem, when
applied to a region in the x-y plane. It is a widely used theorem in mathematics and
physics.
9. The Shoelace formula is a shortcut for the Green’s theorem. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Shoelace theorem is used to find the area of polygon using cross
multiples. This can be verified by dividing the polygon into triangles. It is a special case
of Green’s theorem.
10. Find the area of a right angled triangle with sides of 90 degree unit and the functions
described by L = cos y and M = sin x.
a) 0
b) 45
c) 90
d) 180
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: dM/dx = cos x and dL/dy = -sin y
∫∫(dM/dx – dL/dy)dx dy = ∫∫ (cos x + sin y)dx dy. On integrating with x = 0->90 and y =
0->90, we get area of right angled triangle as -180 units (taken in clockwise direction).
Since area cannot be negative, we take 180 units
“Gauss Divergence Theorem”.
1. Gauss theorem uses which of the following operations?

a) Gradient
b) Curl
c) Divergence
d) Laplacian
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The Gauss divergence theorem uses divergence operator to convert surface
to volume integral. It is used to calculate the volume of the function enclosing the region
given.
2. Evaluate the surface integral ∫∫ (3x i + 2y j). dS, where S is the sphere given by x2 +
y2 + z2 = 9.
a) 120π
b) 180π
c) 240π
d) 300π
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: We could parameterise surface and find surface integral, but it is wise to use
divergence theorem to get faster results. The divergence theorem is given by ∫∫ F.dS = ∫∫∫
Div (F).dV
Div (3x i + 2y j) = 3 + 2 = 5. Now the volume integral will be ∫∫∫ 5.dV, where dV is the
volume of the sphere 4πr3/3 and r = 3units.Thus we get 180π.
3. The Gauss divergence theorem converts

a) line to surface integral
b) line to volume integral
c) surface to line integral
d) surface to volume integral
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The divergence theorem for a function F is given by ∫∫ F.dS = ∫∫∫ Div (F).dV.
Thus it converts surface to volume integral.
4. The divergence theorem for a surface consisting of a sphere is computed in which

coordinate system?
a) Cartesian
b) Cylindrical
c) Spherical
d) Depends on the function
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Seeing the surface as sphere, we would immediately choose spherical
system, but it is wrong. The divergence operation is performed in that coordinate system
in which the function belongs to. It is independent of the surface region.
5. Find the Gauss value for a position vector in Cartesian system from the origin to one
unit in three dimensions.
a) 0
b) 3
c) -3
d) 1
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The position vector in Cartesian system is given by R = x i + y j + z k.
Div(R) = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3. By divergence theorem, ∫∫∫3.dV, where V is a cube with x = 0->1,
y = 0->1 and z = 0->1. On integrating, we get 3 units.
6. The divergence theorem value for the function x2 + y2 + z2 at a distance of one unit
from the origin is
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Div (F) = 2x + 2y + 2z. The triple integral of the divergence of the function
is ∫∫∫(2x + 2y + 2z)dx dy dz, where x = 0->1, y = 0->1 and z = 0->1. On integrating, we
get 3 units.
7. If a function is described by F = (3x + z, y2 − sin x2z, xz + yex5), then the divergence

theorem value in the region 0<x<1, 0<y<3 and 0<z<2 will be
a) 13
b) 26
c) 39
d) 51
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Div (F) = 3 + 2y + x. By divergence theorem, the triple integral of Div F in
the region is ∫∫∫ (3 + 2y + x) dx dy dz. On integrating from x = 0->1, y = 0->3 and z = 0-
>2, we get 39 units.
8. Find the divergence theorem value for the function given by (ez, sin x, y2)
a) 1
b) 0
c) -1
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Since the divergence of the function is zero, the triple integral leads to zero.
The Gauss theorem gives zero value.
9. For a function given by F = 4x i + 7y j +z k, the divergence theorem evaluates to which

of the values given, if the surface considered is a cone of radius 1/2π m and height 4π2 m.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Div (F) = 4 + 7 + 1 = 12. The divergence theorem gives ∫∫∫(12).dV, where
dV is the volume of the cone πr3h/3, where r = 1/2π m and h = 4π2 m. On substituting the
radius and height in the triple integral, we get 2 units.
10. Divergence theorem computes to zero for a solenoidal function. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The divergence theorem is given by, ∫∫ F.dS = ∫∫∫ Div (F).dV, for a function
F. If the function is solenoidal, its divergence will be zero. Thus the theorem computes to
zero.
“Coulomb law”.
1. Coulomb is the unit of which quantity?

a) Field strength
b) Charge
c) Permittivity
d) Force
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The standard unit of charge is Coulomb. One coulomb is defined as the 1
Newton of force applied on 1 unit of electric field.
2. Coulomb law is employed in

a) Electrostatics
b) Magnetostatics
c) Electromagnetics
d) Maxwell theory
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Coulomb law is applied to static charges. It states that force between any
two point charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional
to square of the distance between them. Thus it is employed in electrostatics.
3. Find the force between 2C and -1C separated by a distance 1m in air(in newton).
a) 18 X 106
b) -18 X 106
c) 18 X 10-6
d) -18 X 10-6
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: F = q1q2/(4∏εor2) = -2 X 9/(10-9 X 12) = -18 X 109.
4. Two charges 1C and -4C exists in air. What is the direction of force?
a) Away from 1C
b) Away from -4C
c) From 1C to -4C
d) From -4C to 1C
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Since the charges are unlike, the force will be attractive. Thus the force
directs from 1C to -4C.
5. Find the force of interaction between 60 stat coulomb and 37.5 stat coulomb spaced
7.5cm apart in transformer oil(εr=2.2) in 10-4 N,
a) 8.15
b) 5.18
c) 1.518
d) 1.815
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: 1 stat coulomb = 1/(3 X 109) C
F = (1.998 X 1.2488 X 10-16)/(4∏ X 8.854 X 10-12 X 2.2 X (7.5 X 10-2)2) = 1.815 X 10-4 N.
6. Find the force between two charges when they are brought in contact and separated by
4cm apart, charges are 2nC and -1nC, in μN.
a) 1.44
b) 2.44
c) 1.404
d) 2.404
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Before the charges are brought into contact, F = 11.234 μN.
After charges are brought into contact and then separated, charge on each sphere is, (q1 +
q2)/2 = 0.5nC
On calculating the force with q1 = q2 = 0.5nC, F = 1.404μN.
7. The Coulomb law is an implication of which law?

a) Ampere law
b) Gauss law
c) Biot Savart law
d) Lenz law
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Coulomb law can be formulated from the Gauss law, using the
divergence theorem. Thus it is an implication of Gauss law.
8. Two small diameter 10gm dielectric balls can slide freely on a vertical channel. Each
carry a negative charge of 1μC. Find the separation between the balls if the lower ball is
restrained from moving.
a) 0.5
b) 0.4
c) 0.3
d) 0.2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: F = mg = 10 X 10-3 X 9.81 = 9.81 X 10-2 N.
On calculating r by substituting charges, we get r = 0.3m.
9. A charge of 2 X 10-7 C is acted upon by a force of 0.1N. Determine the distance to the
other charge of 4.5 X 10-7 C, both the charges are in vacuum.
a) 0.03
b) 0.05
c) 0.07
d) 0.09
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: F = q1q2/(4∏εor2) , substituting q1, q2 and F, r2 = q1q2/(4∏εoF) =
We get r = 0.09m.
10. For a charge Q1, the effect of charge Q2 on Q1 will be,

a) F1 = F2
b) F1 = -F2
c) F1 = F2 = 0
d) F1 and F2 are not equal
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The force of two charges with respect with each other is given by F1 and
F2. Thus F1 + F2 = 0 and F1 = -F2.
“Electric Field Intensity”.
1. The electric field intensity is defined as

a) Force per unit charge
b) Force on a test charge
c) Force per unit charge on a test charge
d) Product of force and charge
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The electric field intensity is the force per unit charge on a test charge, i.e,
q1 = 1C. E = F/Q = Q/(4∏εr2).
2. Find the force on a charge 2C in a field 1V/m.

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Force is the product of charge and electric field.
F = q X E = 2 X 1 = 2 N.
3. Find the electric field intensity of two charges 2C and -1C separated by a distance 1m
in air.
a) 18 X 109
b) 9 X 109
c) 36 X 109
d) -18 X 109
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: F = q1q2/(4∏εor2) = -2 X 9/(10-9 X 12) = -18 X 109
E = F/q = 18 X 109/2 = 9 X 109.
4. What is the electric field intensity at a distance of 20cm from a charge 2 X 10-6 C in
vacuum?
a) 250,000
b) 350,000
c) 450,000
d) 550,000
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: E = Q/ (4∏εor2)
= (2 X 10-6)/(4∏ X εo X 0.22) = 450,000 V/m.
5. Determine the charge that produces an electric field strength of 40 V/cm at a distance
of 30cm in vacuum(in 10-8C)
a) 4
b) 2
c) 8
d) 6
View Answer
Answer: a
Q = (4000 X 0.32)/ (9 X 109) = 4 X 10-8 C.
6. The field intensity of a charge defines the impact of the charge on a test charge placed
at a distance. It is maximum at d = 0cm and minimises as d increases. State True/False
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If a test charge +q is situated at a distance r from Q, the test charge will
experience a repulsive force directed radially outward from Q. Since electric field is
inversely proportional to distance, thus the statement is true.
7. Electric field of an infinitely long conductor of charge density λ, is given by E =

λ/(2πεh).aN. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The electric field intensity of an infinitely long conductor is given by, E =
λ/(4πεh).(sin α2 – sin α1)i + (cos α2 + cos α1)j
For an infinitely long conductor, α = 0. E = λ/(4πεh).(cos 0 + cos 0) = λ/(2πεh).aN.
8. Electric field intensity due to infinite sheet of charge σ is

a) Zero
b) Unity
c) σ/ε
d) σ/2ε
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: E = σ/2ε.(1- cos α), where α = h/(√(h2+a2))
Here, h is the distance of the sheet from point P and a is the radius of the sheet. For
infinite sheet, α = 90. Thus E = σ/2ε.
9. For a test charge placed at infinity, the electric field will be

a) Unity
b) +∞
c) Zero
d) -∞
View Answer
Answer: c
When distance d is infinity, the electric field will be zero, E= 0.
10. In electromagnetic waves, the electric field will be perpendicular to which of the
following?
a) Magnetic field intensity
b) Wave propagation
c) Both H and wave direction
d) It propagates independently
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In an electromagnetic wave, the electric field and magnetic field will be
perpendicular to each other. Both of these fields will be perpendicular to the wave
propagation
“Electric Field Density”.
1. The lines of force are said to be

a) Real
b) Imaginary
c) Drawn to trace the direction
d) Not significant
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The lines drawn to trace the direction in which a positive test charge will
experience force due to the main charge are called lines of force. They are not real but
drawn for our interpretation.
2. Electric flux density in electric field is referred to as

a) Number of flux lines
b) Ratio of flux lines crossing a surface and the surface area
c) Direction of flux at a point
d) Flux lines per unit area
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Electric flux density is given by the ratio between number of flux lines
crossing a surface normal to the lines and the surface area. The direction of D at a point is
the direction of the flux lines at that point.
3. The electric flux density is the

a) Product of permittivity and electric field intensity
b) Product of number of flux lines and permittivity
c) Product of permeability and electric field intensity
d) Product of number of flux lines and permeability
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: D= εE, where ε=εoεr is the permittivity of electric field and E is the electric
field intensity. Thus electric flux density is the product of permittivity and electric field
intensity.
4. Which of the following correctly states Gauss law?

a) Electric flux is equal to charge
b) Electric flux per unit volume is equal to charge
c) Electric field is equal to charge density
d) Electric flux per unit volume is equal to volume charge density

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The electric flux passing through any closed surface is equal to the total
charge enclosed by that surface. In other words, electric flux per unit volume leaving a
point (vanishing small volume), is equal to the volume charge density.
5. The Gaussian surface is

a) Real boundary
b) Imaginary surface
c) Tangential
d) Normal
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: It is any physical or imaginary closed surface around a charge which
satisfies the following condition: D is everywhere either normal or tangential to the
surface so that D.ds becomes either Dds or 0 respectively.
6. Find the flux density of a sheet of charge density 25 units in air.

a) 25
b) 12.5
c) 6.25
d) 3.125
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Electric field intensity of infinite sheet of charge E = σ/2ε.
Thus D = εE = σ/2 = 25/2 = 12.5.
7. A uniform surface charge of σ = 2 μC/m2, is situated at z = 2 plane. What is the value

of flux density at P(1,1,1)m?
a) 10-6
b) -10-6
c) 106
d) -106
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The flux density of any field is independent of the position (point). D = σ/2
= 2 X 10-6(-az)/2 = -10-6.
8. Find the flux density of line charge of radius (cylinder is the Gaussian surface) 2m and
charge density is 3.14 units?
a) 1
b) 0.75
c) 0.5
d) 0.25
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The electric field of a line charge is given by, E = λ/(2περ), where ρ is the
radius of cylinder, which is the Gaussian surface and λ is the charge density. The density
D = εE = λ/(2πρ) = 3.14/(2π X 2) = 1/4 = 0.25.
9. If the radius of a sphere is 1/(4π)m and the electric flux density is 16π units, the total
flux is given by,
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Total flux leaving the entire surface is, ψ = 4πr2D from Gauss law. Ψ =
4π(1/16π2) X 16π = 4.
10. Find the electric field intensity of transformer oil (εr = 2 approx) with density 1/4π (in
109 units)
a) 2.5
b) 3.5
c) 4.5
d) 5.5
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: D = εE. E = (1/4π)/(2Xεo) = 4.5 X 109 units.
“Electric Potential”.
1. Potential difference is the work done in moving a unit positive charge from one point
to another in an electric field. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The electric potential is the ratio of work done to the charge. Also it is the
work done in moving a unit positive charge from infinity to a point in an electric field.
2. A point charge 2nC is located at origin. What is the potential at (1,0,0)?

a) 12
b) 14
c) 16
d) 18
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: V = Q/(4πεr), where r = 1m
V = (2 X 10-9)/(4πε x 1) = 18 volts.
3. Six equal point charges Q = 10nC are located at 2,3,4,5,6,7m. Find the potential at
origin.
a) 140.35
b) 141.35
c) 142.35
d) 143.35
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: V = (1/4πεo) ∑Q/r = (10 X 10-9/4πεo)
(0.5 + 0.33 + 0.25 + 0.2 + 0.166 + 0.142) = 143.35 volts.
4. A point charge 0.4nC is located at (2, 3, 3). Find the potential differences between (2,
3, 3)m and (-2, 3, 3)m due to the charge.
a) 2.5
b) 2.6
c) 2.7
d) 2.8
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Vab = (Q/4πεo)(1/rA) + (1/rB), where rA and rB are position vectors rA =
1m and rB = 4m. Thus Vab = 2.7 volts.
5. Find the potential of V = 60sin θ/r2 at P(3,60,25)

a) 5.774
b) 6.774
c) 7.774
d) 8.774
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: V = 60sin θ/r2, put r = 3m, θ = 60 and φ = 25, V = 60 sin 60/32 = 5.774 volts.
6. Given E = 40xyi + 20x2j + 2k. Calculate the potential between two points (1,-1,0) and
(2,1,3).
a) 105
b) 106
c) 107
d) 108
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: V = -∫ E.dl = -∫ (40xy dx + 20x2 dy + 2 dz), from (2,1,3) to (1,-1,0), we get
Vpq on integrating from Q to P. Vpq = 106 volts.
7. The potential difference in an open circuit is

a) Zero
b) Unity
c) Infinity
d) Circuit does not exist open
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In an open circuit no current exists due to non-existence of loops. Also
voltage/potential will be infinity in an open circuit.
8. The potential taken between two points across a resistor will be

a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Zero
d) Infinity
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The resistor will absorb power and dissipate it in the form of heat energy.
The potential between two points across a resistor will be negative.
9. What is the potential difference between 10sinθcosφ/r2 at A(1,30,20) and B(4,90,60)?

a) 2.386
b) 3.386
c) 4.386
d) 5.386
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Potential at A, Va = 10sin30cos20/12 = 4.6985 and Potential at B, Vb =
10sin90cos60/42 = 0.3125. Potential difference between A and B is, Vab = 4.6985 –
0.3125 = 4.386 volts.
10. The voltage at any point in an ac circuit will be

a) Peak voltage
b) RMS voltage
c) Average voltage
d) Source voltage
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In any ac circuit, the voltage measured will not be exact maximum. In order
to normalise, we assume the instantaneous voltage at any point be 70.7% of the peak
value, which is called the root mean square (RMS)voltage
“Gauss Law”.
1. Divergence theorem is based on

a) Gauss law
b) Stoke’s law
c) Ampere law
d) Lenz law
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The divergence theorem relates surface integral and volume integral.
Div(D) = ρv, which is Gauss’s law.
2. The Gaussian surface for a line charge will be

a) Sphere
b) Cylinder
c) Cube
d) Cuboid
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A line charge can be visualized as a rod of electric charges. The three
dimensional imaginary enclosed surface of a rod can be a cylinder.
3. The Gaussian surface for a point charge will be

a) Cube
b) Cylinder
c) Sphere
d) Cuboid
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A point charge is single dimensional. The three dimensional imaginary
enclosed surface of a point charge will be sphere.
4. A circular disc of radius 5m with a surface charge density ρs = 10sinφ is enclosed by

surface. What is the net flux crossing the surface?
a) 3
b) 2
c) 1
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Q = ∫ ρsds = ∫∫ 10sinφ rdrdφ, on integrating with r = 0->5 and φ = 0->2π, we
get Q = ψ = 0.
5. The total charge of a surface with densities 1,2,…,10 is

a) 11
b) 33
c) 55
d) 77
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Q = ∫∫D.ds. Since the data is discrete, the total charge will be summation of
1,2,…,10,i.e, 1+2+…+10 = 10(11)/2 = 55.
6. The work done by a charge of 10μC with a potential 4.386 is (in μJ)
a) 32.86
b) 43.86
c) 54.68
d) 65.68
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By Gauss law principles, W = Q X V = 10 X 10-6 X 4.386 = 43.86 X 10-
6
joule.
7. The potential of a coaxial cylinder with charge density 1 unit , inner radius 1m and
outer cylinder 2m is (in 109)
a) 12.74
b) 13.47
c) 12.47
d) 13.74
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The potential of a coaxial cylinder will be ρl ln(b/a)/2πε, where ρl = 1, b =
2m and a = 1m. We get V = 12.47 X 109 volts.
8. Find the potential due to a charged ring of density 2 units with radius 2m and the point
at which potential is measured is at a distance of 1m from the ring.
a) 18π
b) 24π
c) 36π
d) 72π
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The potential due to a charged ring is given by λa/2εr, where a = 2m and r =
1m. We get V = 72π volts.
9. Gauss law cannot be used to find which of the following quantity?

a) Electric field intensity
b) Electric flux density
c) Charge
d) Permittivity
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Permittivity is constant for a particular material(say permittivity of water is
1). It cannot be determined from Gauss law, whereas the remaining options can be
computed from Gauss law.
10. Gauss law for magnetic fields is given by

a) Div(E) = 0
b) Div(B) = 0
c) Div(H) = 0
d) Div(D) = 0
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The divergence of magnetic flux density is always zero. This is called Gauss
law for magnetic fields. It implies the non-existence of magnetic monopoles in any
magnetic field.
“Applications of Gauss Law”.
1. Gauss law can be used to compute which of the following?

a) Permittivity
b) Permeability
c) Radius of Gaussian surface
d) Electric potential
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Gauss law relates the electric flux density and the charge density. Thus it
can be used to compute radius of the Gaussian surface. Permittivity and permeability are
constants for a particular material.
2. Three charged cylindrical sheets are present in three spaces with σ = 5 at R = 2m, σ = -
2 at R = 4m and σ = -3 at R = 5m. Find the flux density at R = 1m.
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Since 1m does not enclose any cylinder (three Gaussian surfaces of radius
2m, 4m, 5m exists), the charge density and charge becomes zero according to Gauss law.
Thus flux density is also zero.
a) 3
b) 10/3
c) 11/3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The radius is 3m, hence it will enclose one Gaussian cylinder of R = 2m.
By Gauss law, ψ = Q
D(2πRL) = σ(2πRL), D(2π X 3) = σ(2π X 2), Thus D = 10/3 units.
2 at R = 4m and σ =-3 at R = 5m. Find the flux density at R = 4.5m.
a) 4/4.5
b) 3/4.5
c) 2/4.5
d) 1/4.5
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The Gaussian cylinder of R = 4.5m encloses sum of charges of two
cylinders (R = 2m and R = 4m).
D(2πRL) = σ(2πRL), D(2π X 4.5) = Q1 + Q2 = σ1(2π X 2) + σ2(2π X 4), here σ1 = 5 and
σ2 = -2. We get D = 2/4.5 units.
a) 17/6
b) -17/6
c) 13/6
d) -13/6
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The radius R = 6m encloses all the three Gaussian cylinders.
D(2πRL) = σ(2πRL), D(2π X 6) = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 = σ1(2π X 2) + σ2(2π X 4) + σ3(2π X
5), here σ1 = 5, σ2 = -2 and σ3 = -3. We get D = -13/6 units.
6. Gauss law can be evaluated in which coordinate system?

a) Cartesian
b) Cylinder
c) Spherical
d) Depends on the Gaussian surface
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The Gauss law exists for all materials. Depending on the Gaussian surface
of the material, we take the coordinate systems accordingly. Suppose if the material is a
coaxial cable, the Gaussian surface is in the form of cylinder. Thus we take
Cylinder/Circular coordinate system.
7. Gauss law cannot be expressed in which of the following forms?

a) Differential
b) Integral
c) Point
d) Stokes theorem
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Gauss law can be expressed in differential or point form as,
Div (D)= ρv and in integral form as ∫∫ D.ds = Q = ψ . It is not possible to express it using
Stoke’s theorem.
8. The tangential component of electric field intensity is always continuous at the

interface. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Consider a dielectric-dielectric boundary, the electric field intensity in both
the surfaces will be Et1 = Et2, which implies that the tangential component of electric
field intensity is always continuous at the boundary.
9. The normal component of the electric flux density is always discontinuous at the
interface. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In a dielectric-dielectric boundary, if a free surface charge density exists at
the interface, then the normal components of the electric flux density are discontinuous at
the boundary, which means Dn1 = Dn2.
10. With Gauss law as reference which of the following law can be derived?
a) Ampere law
b) Faraday’s law
c) Coulomb’s law
d) Ohm’s law
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: From Gauss law, we can compute the electric flux density. This in turn can
be used to find electric field intensity. We know that F = qE. Hence force can be
computed. This gives the Coulomb’s law.
“Relation of E,D,V”.
1. The electric flux density and electric field intensity have which of the following
relation?
a) Linear
b) Nonlinear
c) Inversely linear
d) Inversely nonlinear
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The electric flux density is directly proportional to electric field intensity.
The proportionality constant is permittivity. D=ε E. It is clear that both are in linear
relationship.
2. The electric field intensity is the negative gradient of the electric potential. State
True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: V = -∫E.dl is the integral form. On differentiating both sides, we get E = -
Grad (V). Thus the electric field intensity is the negative gradient of the electric potential.
3. Find the electric potential for an electric field 3units at a distance of 2m.
a) 9
b) 4
c) 6
d) 3/2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The electric field intensity is the ratio of electric potential to the distance. E
= V/d. To get V = E X d = 3 X 2 = 6units.
4. Find the potential at a point (4, 3, -6) for the function V = 2x2y + 5z.
a) 96
b) 66
c) 30
d) -66
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The electric potential for the function V = 2x2y + 5z at the point (4, 3, -6) is
given by V = 2(4)2(3) + 5(-6) = 96-30 = 66 units.
5. Find the electric flux density surrounding a material with field intensity of 2xyz placed
in transformer oil ( εr = 2.2) at the point P(1,2,3) is
(in 10-10 units)
a) 2.1
b) 2.33
c) 2.5
d) 2.77
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: D = εE, where ε = εo εr. The flux density is given by,
D = 8.854 X 10-12 X 2.2 X 2(1)(2)(3) = 2.33 X 10-10 units.
6. If potential V = 20/(x2 + y2). The electric field intensity for V is

40(x i + y j)/(x2 + y2)2. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: E = -Grad (V) = -Grad(20/(x2 + y2)) = -(-40x i /(x2 + y2)2 – 40(y j)/(x2 + y2)2)
= 40(x i + y j)/(x2 + y2)2. Thus the statement is true.
7. Find the potential of the function V = 60cos θ/r at the point P(3, 60, 25).
a) 20
b) 10
c) 30
d) 60
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Given V = 60cos θ/r. For r = 3m and θ = 60, we get V = 60cos 60/3 = 20cos
60 = 10 units.
8. Find the work done moving a charge 2C having potential V = 24volts is

a) 96
b) 24
c) 36
d) 48
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The work done is the product of charge and potential.
W = Q X V = 2 X 24 = 48 units.
9. If the potential is given by, V = 10sin θ cosφ/r, find the density at the point P(2, π/2, 0)
(in 10-12 units)
a) 13.25
b) 22.13
c) 26.31
d) 31.52
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Since V is given find out E.E = -Grad(V) = – Grad(10sin θ cosφ/r). From E,
we can easily compute D. D = εE = 8.854 X 10-12 X 5/2 = 22.13 units.
10. If V = 2x2y + 20z – 4/(x2 + y2), find the density at A(6, -2.5, 3) in nC/m2.
a) 0.531i – 0.6373j – 0.177k
b) 0.6373i – 0.177j -0.531k
c) 0.177i – 0.6373j – 0.531k
d) 0.531i – 0.177j – 0.6373k
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Find E from V, E = -Grad (V). We get E at A(6,-2.5,3) as 59.97i – 71.98j -
20k. Thus D = εE = 8.854 X 10-12 X

(59.97i – 71.98j -20k) = (0.531i – 0.6373j – 0.177k) nC/m2.
“Real Time Applications”.
1. Calculate the capacitance of a material in air with area 20 units and distance between
plates is 5m.
a) 35.36pF
b) 3.536pF
c) 35.36nF
d) 3.536nF
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The capacitance of any material is given by, C = εA/d, where ε = εoεr is the
permittivity in air and the material respectively. Thus C = 1 X 8.854 X 10-12 X 20/5 =
35.36pF.
2. The resistance of a material with conductivity 2millimho/m2, length 10m and area 50m
is
a) 500
b) 200
c) 100
d) 1000
View Answer
3. Find the inductance of a coil with permeability 3.5, turns 100 and length 2m. Assume
the area to be thrice the length.
a) 131.94mH
b) 94.131mH
c) 131.94H
d) 94.131H
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The inductance is given by L = μ N 2A/l, where μ= μoμr is the permeability
of air and the material respectively. N = 100 and Area = 3 X 2 = 6. L = 4π X 10-7 X
1002 X 6/2 = 131.94mH.
4. Find the current density of a material with resistivity 20 units and electric field
intensity 2000 units.
a) 400
b) 300
c) 200
d) 100
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The current density is given by J = σ E, where σ is the conductivity. Thus
resistivity ρ = 1/σ. J = E/ρ = 2000/20 = 100 units.
5. Find the current in a conductor with resistance 2 ohm, electric field 2 units and
distance 100cm.
a) 1A
b) 10mA
c) 10A
d) 100mA
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that E = V/d. To get potential, V = E X d = 2 X 1 = 2 volts. From
Ohm’s law, V = IR and current I = V/R = 2/2 = 1A.
6. In electric fields, D= ε E. The correct expression which is analogous in magnetic fields

will be
a) H = μ B
b) B = μ H
c) A = μ B
d) H = μ A
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In electric fields, the flux density is a product of permittivity and field
intensity. Similarly, for magnetic fields, the magnetic flux density is the product of
permeability and magnetic field intensity, given by B= μ H.
7. Find the force on a conductor of length 12m and magnetic flux density 20 units when a
current of 0.5A is flowing through it.
a) 60
b) 120
c) 180
d) 200
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The force on a conductor is given by F = BIL, where B = 20, I = 0.5 and L =
12. Force F = 20 X 0.5 x 12 = 120 N.
8. From the formula F = qE, can prove that work done is a product of force and
displacement. State True/False
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that F = qE = qV/d and W = qV. Thus it is clear that qV = W and
qV = Fd. On equating both, we get W = Fd, which is the required proof.
9. Calculate the power of a material with electric field 100 units at a distance of 10cm
with a current of 2A flowing through it.
a) 10
b) 20
c) 40
d) 80
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Power is defined as the product of voltage and current.
P = V X I, where V = E X d. Thus P = E X d X I = 100 X 0.1 X 2 = 20 units.
10. Compute the power consumed by a material with current density 15 units in an area
of 100 units. The potential measured across the material is 20V.
a) 100kJ
b) 250kJ
c) 30kJ
d) 15kJ
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Power is given by, P= V X I, where I = J X A is the current.
Thus power P = V X J X A = 20 X 15 X 100 = 30,000 joule = 30kJ.
“Electric Dipole”.
1. Choose the best definition of a dipole.

a) A pair of equal and like charges located at the origin
b) A pair of unequal and like charges located at the origin
c) A pair of equal and unlike charges separated by a small distance

d) A pair of unequal and unlike charges separated by a small distance
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An electric dipole generally refers to two equal and unlike (opposite signs)
charges separated by a small distance. It can be anywhere, not necessarily at origin.
2. The potential due to a dipole at a point P from it is the

a) Sum of potentials at the charges
b) Difference of potentials at the charges
c) Multiplication of potentials at the charges
d) Ratio of potentials at the charges
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The total potential at the point P due to the dipole is given by the difference
of the potentials of the individual charges.
V = V1 + (-V2), since both the charges are unlike. Thus V = V1 – V2.
3. Calculate the dipole moment of a dipole with equal charges 2C and -2C separated by a
distance of 2cm.
a) 0.02
b) 0.04
c) 0.06
d) 0.08
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The dipole moment of charge 2C and distance 2cm will be,
M = Q x d. Thus, M = 2 x 0.02 = 0.04 C-m.
4. Find the angle at which the potential due a dipole is measured, when the distance from
one charge is 12cm and that due to other is 11cm, separated to each other by a distance of
2cm.
a) 15
b) 30
c) 45
d) 60
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Here, the two charges are separated by d = 2cm.
The distance from one charge (say Q1) will be R1 = 11cm. The distance from another
charge (say Q2) will be R2 = 12cm. If R1 and R2 is assumed to be parallel, then R2 – R1
= d cos θ. We get 1 = 2cos θ and cos θ = 0.5. Then θ =
cos-1(0.5) = 60.
5. Find the potential due the dipole when the angle subtended by the two charges at the
point P is perpendicular.
a) 0
b) Unity
c) ∞
d) -∞
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The potential due the dipole is given by, V = m cos θ/(4πεr2). When the
angle becomes perpendicular (θ = 90). The potential becomes zero since cos 90 will
become zero.
6. For two charges 3C and -3C separated by 1cm and are located at distances 5cm and
7cm respectively from the point P, then the distance between their midpoint and the point
P will be
a) 5.91
b) 12.6
c) 2
d) 9
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For a distant point P, the R1 and R2 will approximately be equal.
R1 = R2 = r, where r is the distance between P and the midpoint of the two charges. Thus
they are in geometric progression, R1R2=r2
Now, r2 = 5 x 7 = 35. We get r = 5.91cm.
7. Calculate the distance between two charges of 4C forming a dipole, with a dipole
moment of 6 units.
a) 1
b) 1.5
c) 2
d) 2.5
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The dipole moment is given by, M = Q x d. To get d, we rearrange the
formula d = M/Q = 6/4 = 1.5units.
8. The potential due to the dipole on the midpoint of the two charges will be
a) 0
b) Unity
c) ∞
d) -∞
View Answer
9. Dipoles in any electric field undergo
a) Magnetism
b) Electromagnetism
c) Magnetisation
d) Polarisation
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Dipoles in any pure electric field will undergo polarisation. It is the process
of alignment of dipole moments in accordance with the electric field applied.
10. Dipole moments are used to calculate the

b) Polarisation patterns
c) Strength of the dipole in the field
d) Susceptibility
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Dipole moment implicates the strength of the dipole in the electric field.
They are then used to compute the polarisation patterns based on the applied field. Once
the polarisation is determined we can find its susceptibility. Though all options seem to
be correct, the apt answer is to calculate polarisation, provided applied field is known.
“Electrostatic Energy”.
1. The electrostatic energy in an electric field does not depend on which of the following?
a) Magnitude of charges
b) Permittivity
c) Applied electric field
d) Flux lines
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The energy in an electric field directly magnitude of charges. Thus electric
field and flux density are also dependent. But the applied field affects only the
polarisation and it is independent of the energy in the field.
2. Calculate the energy in an electric field with flux density 6 units and field intensity of 4
units.
a) 12
b) 24
c) 36
d) 48
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The energy in an electric field is given by, W = 0.5 x D x E, where D = 6
and E = 4. We get W = 0.5 x 6 x 4 = 12 units.
3. Calculate the energy in an electric field with permittivity of 56 and field intensity of
36π(in μJ)
a) 3.16
b) 5.16
c) 7.16
d) 9.16
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The energy in an electric field is given by, W = 0.5 x D x E. Since D = εE,
we get W = 0.5 x ε x E2. On substituting the data, we get 3.16 microjoule.
4. Equipotential surface is a
a) Real surface
b) Complex surface
c) Imaginary surface
d) Not existing surface

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Equipotential surface is an imaginary surface in an electric field of a given
charge distribution in which all the points on the surface are at the same electric potential.
5. The work done in moving a test charge from one point to another in an equipotential
surface is zero. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Since the electric potential in the equipotential surface is the same, the work
done will be zero.
6. When curl of a path is zero, the field is said to be conservative. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: By Stoke’s theorem, when curl of a path becomes zero, then
∫ E.dl = 0. In other words the work done in a closed path will always be zero. Fields
having this property is called conservative or lamellar fields.
7. If the electric potential is given, which of the following cannot be calculated?

a) Electrostatic energy
b) Electric field intensity
c) Electric flux density
d) Permittivity
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Using potential, we can calculate electric field directly by gradient
operation. From E, the flux density D can also be calculated. Thus it is not possible to
calculate energy directly from potential.
8. Superconductors exhibit which of the following properties?

a) Ferromagnetism
b) Polarisation
c) Diamagnetism
d) Ferrimagnetism
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Since superconductors have very good conductivity at low temperatures (σ-
>∞), they have nearly zero resistivity and exhibit perfect diamagnetism.
9. Debye is the unit used to measure

a) Permittivity
b) Electric dipole moment
c) Magnetic dipole moment
d) Susceptibility
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Debye is the standard unit for measurement of electric dipole moment. 1
Debye = 3.336 x 10-30 Coulomb-meter.
10. Ceramic materials possess which of the following properties?

a) Brittle and low dielectric constant
b) Rigid and low dielectric constant
c) Brittle and high dielectric constant
d) Rigid and high dielectric constant

View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Ceramic materials are generally brittle. Since these materials are used in
capacitors, they have higher dielectric constant than polymer. With respect to energy,
they possess high electrostatic energy due to very high dielectric constant (W α ε).
“Electrostatic Properties”.
1. The permittivity is also called

a) Electrostatic energy
b) Dielectric constant
c) Dipole moment
d) Susceptibility
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The term permittivity or dielectric constant is the measurement of
electrostatic energy stored within it and therefore depends on the material.
2. Dielectric constant will be high in

a) Conductors
b) Semiconductors
c) Insulators
d) Superconductors
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Materials that have very less conductivity like ceramics, plastics have
higher dielectric constants. Due to their low conductivity, the dielectric materials are said
to be good insulators.
3. Under the influence of electric field, the dielectric materials will get charged
instantaneously. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The dielectrics have the ability of storing energy easily when an electric
field is applied as their permittivity is relatively higher than any other materials.
4. Insulators perform which of the following functions?

a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Provide electrical insulation
d) Allows current leakage at interfaces
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Insulators is a non-conducting material which prevents the leakage of
electric current in unwanted directions. Thus it is used to provide electrical insulation.
5. Which of the following properties distinguish a material as conductor, insulator and

semiconductor?
a) Free electron charges
b) Fermi level after doping
c) Energy band gap
d) Electron density
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The only parameter that classifies the material as conductor or insulator or
semiconductor is the band gap energy. It is the energy required to make the electrons
conduct. This is low of conductors, average for semiconductors and very high for
insulators. This means it requires very high energy to make an insulator conduct.
6. Semiconductors possess which type of bonding?

a) Metallic
b) Covalent
c) Ionic
d) Magnetic
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Conductors exhibit metallic bonding. Insulators exhibit ionic bonding and
semiconductors exhibit covalent bonding due to sharing of atoms.
7. Find the susceptibility of a material whose dielectric constant is 2.26.

a) 1.26
b) 3.26
c) 5.1
d) 1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Electric susceptibility is the measure of ability of the material to get
polarised. It is given by, χe = εr – 1.Thus we get 1.26.
8. The bound charge density and free charge density are 12 and 6 units respectively.
Calculate the susceptibility.
a) 1
b) 0
c) 2
d) 72
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The electric susceptibility is given by, χe = Bound free density/Free charge
density. χe = 12/6 = 2. It has no unit.
9. The susceptibility of free space is

a) 1
b) 0
c) 2
d) ∞
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For free space/air, the relative permittivity is unity i.e, εr = 1. Thus χe = εr –
1 = 0. The susceptibility will become zero in air.
10. When the electric field becomes zero, which of the following relations hold good?
a) E = P
b) D = P
c) B = P
d) H = P
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The electric flux density of a field is the sum of εE and polarisation P. It
gives D = εE + P. When electric field becomes zero, it is clear that D = P.
“Conductors”.
1. Which of the following are conductors?

a) Ceramics
b) Plastics
c) Mercury
d) Rubber
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Normally, metals are said to be good conductors. Here mercury is the only
metal (which is in liquid form). The other options are insulators.
2. Find the range of band gap energy for conductors.

a) >6 eV
b) 0.2-0.4 eV
c) 0.4-2 eV
d) 2-6 eV
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Conductors are materials with least band gap energy. The smallest range in
this group is 0.2-0.4 eV.
3. Conduction in metals is due to

a) Electrons only
b) Electrons and holes
c) Holes only
d) Applied electric field
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Conduction in metals is only due to majority carriers, which are electrons.
Electrons and holes are responsible for conduction in a semiconductor.
4. Find the band gap energy when a light of wavelength 1240nm is incident on it.
a) 1eV
b) 2eV
c) 3eV
d) 4eV
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The band gap energy in electron volt when wavelength is given is, Eg =
1.24(μm)/λ = 1.24 x 10-6/1240 x 10-9 = 1eV.
5. Alternating current measured in a transmission line will be

a) Peak value
b) Average value
c) RMS value
d) Zero
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The instantaneous current flowing in a transmission line, when measured
using an ammeter, will give RMS current value. This value is 70.7% of the peak value.
This is because, due to oscillations in AC, it is not possible to measure peak value. Hence
to normalise, we consider current at any time in a line will be the RMS current.
6. The current in a metal at any frequency is due to

a) Conduction current
b) Displacement current
c) Both conduction and displacement current
d) Neither conduction nor displacement current
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: At any frequency, the current through the metal will be due to conduction
current. Only at high frequencies and when medium is air, the conduction is due to
displacement current. Thus in general the current in metal is due to conduction current,
which depends on the mobility of the carriers.
7. For conductors, the free electrons will exist at

a) Valence band
b) Middle of valence and conduction band
c) Will not exist
d) Conduction band
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In conductors, the free electrons exist in the conduction band. Since the
band gap energy is very low, less energy is required to transport the free electrons to the
conduction band, as they are readily available to conduct.
8. The current flowing through an insulating medium is called

a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Susceptibility
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A beam of electrons in a vacuum tube is called convection current. It occurs
when current flows through an insulating medium like liquid, vacuum etc.
9. Find the conduction current density when conductivity of a material is 500 units and
corresponding electric field is 2 units.
a) 500
b) 250
c) 1000
d) 2000
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The conduction current density is given by, J = σE
J = 500 X 2 = 1000 units.
10. Calculate the convection current when electron density of 200 units is travelling at a
speed of 12m/s.
a) 16.67
b) 2400
c) 2880
d) 0.06
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The convection current density is given by, J = ρeV
J = 200 X 12= 2400 units.
“Dielectrics”.
1. A dielectric is always an insulator. But an insulator is not necessarily a dielectric. State

True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For a material to be dielectric, its permittivity should be very high. This is
seen in insulators. For a material to be insulator, the condition is to have large band gap
energy. However, this is not necessary for a dielectric.
2. Identify a good dielectric.

a) Iron
b) Ceramics
c) Plastic
d) Magnesium
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Iron and magnesium are metals. Hence they need not be considered. Both
ceramics and plastic are insulators. But dielectric constant is more for ceramics always.
Hence ceramics is the best dielectric.
3. A dielectric can be made a conductor by

a) Compression
b) Heating
c) Doping
d) Freezing
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: On increasing the temperature, the free electrons in an insulator can be
promoted from valence to conduction band. Gradually, it can act as a conductor through
heating process. This condition is called dielectric breakdown, wherein the insulator loses
its dielectric property and starts to conduct.
4. Find the dielectric constant for a material with electric susceptibility of 4.

a) 3
b) 5
c) 8
d) 16
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The electric susceptibility is given by χe = εr – 1. For a susceptibility of 4,
the dielectric constant will be 5. It has no unit.
5. For a dielectric which of the following properties hold good?

a) They are superconductors at high temperatures
b) They are superconductors at low temperatures
c) They can never become a superconductor
d) They have very less dielectric breakdown voltage
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Superconductors are characterised by diamagnetism behaviour and zero
resistivity, which true for a dielectric. They occur only at low temperature. Thus a
dielectric can become a superconductor at low temperatures with very high dielectric
breakdown voltage.
6. The magnetic field which destroys the superconductivity is called

a) Diamagnetic field
b) Ferromagnetic field
c) Ferrimagnetic field
d) Critical field
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Critical field is that strong magnetic field which can destroy the
superconductivity of a material. The temperature at which this occurs is called transition
temperature.
7. The magnetic susceptibility in a superconductor will be

a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Zero
d) Infinity
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Due to perfect diamagnetism in a superconductor, its magnetic
susceptibility will be negative. This phenomenon is called Meissner effect.
8. The superconducting materials will be independent of which of the following?

a) Magnetic field
b) Electric field
c) Magnetization
d) Temperature
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Superconducting materials depends only on the applied magnetic field,
resultant magnetization at the temperature considered. It is independent of the applied
electric field and the corresponding polarization.
9. Find the mean free path of an electron travelling at a speed of 18m/s in 2 seconds.
a) 9
b) 36
c) 0.11
d) 4.5
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The mean free path is defined as the average distance travelled by an
electron before collision takes place. It is given by, d = v x τc, where v is the velocity and
τc is the collision time. Thus d = 18 x 2 = 36m.
10. Find the velocity of an electron when its kinetic energy is equal to one electron volt
(in 105m/s).
Given charge of an electron e = 1.6 x 10-19 and mass of an electron m = 9.1 x 10-31.
a) 3.9
b) 4.9
c) 5.9
d) 6.9
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When the kinetic energy and one electron volt are equal, we can equate
mv2/2 = eV. Put e and m in the equation to get velocity v = 5.9 x 105 m/s.
“Displacement and Conduction Current”.
1. Find the conductivity of a material with conduction current density 100 units and
electric field of 4 units.
a) 25
b) 400
c) 0.04
d) 1600
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The conduction current density is given by, Jc = σE. To get conductivity, σ
= J/E = 100/4 = 25 units.
2. Calculate the displacement current density when the electric flux density is 20sin 0.5t.
a) 10sin 0.5t
b) 10cos 0.5t
c) 20sin 2t
d) 20cos 2t
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The displacement current density is given by, Jd = dD/dt.
Jd = d(20sin 0.5t)/dt = 20cos 0.5t (0.5) = 10cos 0.5t.
3. Find the magnitude of the displacement current density in air at a frequency of 18GHz
in frequency domain. Take electric field E as 4 units.
a) 18
b) 72
c) 36
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Jd = dD/dt = εdE/dt in time domain. For frequency domain, convert using
Fourier transform, Jd = εjωE. The magnitude of
Jd = εωE = ε(2πf)E. On substituting, we get 4 ampere.
4. Calculate the frequency at which the conduction and displacement currents become
equal with unity conductivity in a material of permittivity 2.
a) 18 GHz
b) 9 GHz
c) 36 GHz
d) 24 GHz
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When Jd = Jc , we get εωE = σE. Thus εo(2∏f) = σ. On substituting
conductivity as one and permittivity as 2, we get f = 9GHz.
5. The ratio of conduction to displacement current density is referred to as

a) Attenuation constant
b) Propagation constant
c) Loss tangent
d) Dielectric constant
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Jc /Jd is a standard ratio, which is referred to as loss tangent given by σ /ε ω.
The loss tangent is used to determine if the material is a conductor or dielectric.
6. If the loss tangent is very less, then the material will be a

a) Conductor
b) Lossless dielectric
c) Lossy dielectric
d) Insulator
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: If loss tangent is less, then σ /ε ω <<1. This implies the conductivity is very
poor and the material should be a dielectric. Since it is specifically mentioned very less,
assuming the conductivity to be zero, the dielectric will be lossless (ideal).
7. In good conductors, the electric and magnetic fields will be

a) 45 in phase
b) 45 out of phase
c) 90 in phase
d) 90 out of phase
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The electric and magnetic fields will be out of phase by 45 in good
conductors. This is because their intrinsic impedance is given by η = √(ωμ/σ) X (1+j). In
polar form we get 45 out of phase.
8. In free space, which of the following will be zero?

a) Permittivity
b) Permeability
c) Conductivity
d) Resistivity
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In free space, ε = ε0 and μ = μ0. The relative permittivity and permeability
will be unity. Since the free space will contain no charges in it, the conductivity will be
zero.
9. If the intrinsic angle is 20, then find the loss tangent.

a) tan 20
b) tan 40
c) tan 60
d) tan 80
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The loss tangent is given by tan 2θn, where θn = 20. Thus the loss tangent
will be tan 40.
10. The intrinsic impedance of free space is given by

a) 272 ohm
b) 412 ohm
c) 740 ohm
d) 377 ohm
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The intrinsic impedance is given by η = √(μo/εo) ohm. Here εo = 8.854 x
10-12 and μo = 4π x 10-7.
On substituting the values, we get η = 377 ohm.
“Polarization”.
1. The best definition of polarisation is

a) Orientation of dipoles in random direction
b) Electric dipole moment per unit volume
c) Orientation of dipole moments
d) Change in polarity of every dipole
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The polarisation is defined mathematically as the electric dipole moment
per unit volume. It is also referred to as the orientation of the dipoles in the direction of
applied electric field.
2. Calculate the polarisation vector of the material which has 100 dipoles per unit volume
in a volume of 2 units.
a) 200
b) 50
c) 400
d) 0.02
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Polarisation vector P = N x p, where N = 100 and p = 2. On substituting we
get P = 200 units.
3. Polarizability is defined as the

a) Product of dipole moment and electric field
b) Ratio of dipole moment to electric field
c) Ratio of electric field to dipole moment
d) Product of dielectric constant and dipole moment
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Polarizability is a constant that is defined as the ratio of elemental dipole
moment to the electric field strength.
4. Calculate the energy stored per unit volume in a dielectric medium due to polarisation
when P = 9 units and E = 8 units.
a) 1.77
b) 2.25
c) 36
d) 144
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The energy stored per unit volume in a dielectric medium is given by, W =
0.5 X PE = 0.5 X 9 X 8 = 36 units.
5. Identify which type of polarisation depends on temperature.

a) Electronic
b) Ionic
c) Orientational
d) Interfacial
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The electronic, ionic and interfacial polarisation depends on the atoms
which are independent with respect to temperature. Only the orientational polarisation is
dependent on the temperature and is inversely proportional to it.
6. Calculate the polarisation vector in air when the susceptibility is 5 and electric field is
12 units.
a) 3
b) 2
c) 60
d) 2.4
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The polarisation vector is given by, P = ε0 x χe x E, where χe = 5 and ε0 =
12. On substituting, we get P = 1 x 5 x 12 = 60 units.
7. In isotropic materials, which of the following quantities will be independent of the

direction?
a) Permittivity
b) Permeability
c) Polarisation
d) Polarizability
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Isotropic materials are those with radiate or absorb energy uniformly in all
directions (eg. Isotropic antenna). Thus it is independent of the direction.
8. The total polarisation of a material is the

a) Product of all types of polarisation
b) Sum of all types of polarisation
c) Orientation directions of the dipoles
d) Total dipole moments in the material
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The total polarisation of a material is given by the sum of electronic, ionic,
orientational and interfacial polarisation of the material.
9. In the given types of polarisation, which type exists in the semiconductor?

a) Electronic
b) Ionic
c) Orientational
d) Interfacial or space charge
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The interfacial type of polarisation occurs due to accumulation of charges at
the interface in a multiphase material. This interface or junction is found in a
semiconductor material.
10. Solids do not have which type of polarisation?

a) Ionic
b) Orientational
c) Interfacial
d) Electronic
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Solids possess permanent dipole moments. Moreover they do not have
junction like semiconductors. Thus, solids neglect the interfacial and space charge
polarisation. They possess only electronic, ionic and orientational polarisations.
“Dielectric Strength and Constant”.
1. Which of the following is not an example of elemental solid dielectric?

a) Diamond
b) Sulphur
c) Silicon
d) Germanium
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Elemental solid dielectrics are the materials consisting of single type of
atoms. Such materials have neither ions nor permanent dipoles and possess only
electronic polarisation. Its examples are diamond, sulphur and germanium.
2. Ionic non polar solid dielectrics contain more than one type of atoms but no permanent
dipoles. State True/False
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In ionic crystals, the total polarisation is electronic and ionic in nature.
Thus, it implies that it contains more than one type of atom and no permanent dipoles.
3. Compute the refractive index when the dielectric constant is 256 in air.
a) 2562
b) 16
c) 256
d) 64
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By Maxwell relation, εr = n2, where εro is the dielectric constant at optical
frequencies and n is the refractive index.For the given dielectric constant we get n = 16.
4. Dielectric property impacts the behaviour of a material in the presence of electric field.
State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Based on the dielectric property, a material can be classified as
piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric and anti-ferroelectric materials under the

influence of electric field.
5. Curie-Weiss law is applicable to which of the following materials?

a) Piezoelectric
b) Ferroelectric
c) Pyroelectric
d) Anti-ferroelectric
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Curie-Weiss law is given by χe = εr -1 = C/(T-θ), where C is the curie
constant and θ is the characteristic temperature which is usually a few degrees higher
than the curie temperature for ferromagnetic materials.
6. Curie-Weiss law is used to calculate which one of the following?

a) Permittivity
b) Permeability
c) Electric susceptibility
d) Magnetic susceptibility
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Curie-Weiss law is given by χe = εr -1. Thus it is used to calculate the
electric susceptibility of a material.
7. Calculate the loss tangent when the dielectric constant in AC field is given by 3 + 2j.
a) (2/3)
b) (3/2)
c) (-3/2)
d) (-2/3)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The AC dielectric constant is given by εr = ε` – jε“, where ε` is the real part
of AC dielectric and ε“ is the imaginary part of AC dielectric. The loss tangent is given
by tan δ = ε“/ε` = -2/3.
8. When a dielectric loses its dielectric property, the phenomenon is called

a) Dielectric loss
b) Dielectric breakdown
c) Polarisation
d) Magnetization
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Due to various treatments performed on the dielectric, in order to make it
conduct, the dielectric reaches a state, where it loses its dielectric property and starts to
conduct. This phenomenon is called as dielectric breakdown.
9. Choose the best definition of dielectric loss.

a) Absorption of electric energy by dielectric in an AC field
b) Dissipation of electric energy by dielectric in a static field
c) Dissipation of heat by dielectric
d) Product of loss tangent and relative permittivity
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In the scenario of an AC field, the absorption of electrical energy by a
dielectric material is called as dielectric loss. This will result in dissipation of energy in
the form of heat.
10. Compute the loss factor when the loss tangent is 0.88 and the real part of dielectric is
24.
a) 12.12
b) 12.21
c) 21.21
d) 21.12
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The loss factor is nothing but the imaginary part of AC dielectric. It is given
by, ε“ = ε` tan δ. We get loss factor as 24 x 0.88 = 21.12.
“Continuity Equation”.
1. Find the current when the charge is a time function given by q(t) = 3t + t2 at 2 seconds.
a) 3
b) 5
c) 7
d) 9
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The current is defined as the rate of change of charge in a circuit ie, I =
dq/dt. On differentiating the charge with respect to time, we get 3 + 2t. At time t = 2s, I =
7A.
2. The continuity equation is a combination of which of the two laws?

a) Ohm’s law and Gauss law
b) Ampere law and Gauss law
c) Ohm’s law and Ampere law
d) Maxwell law and Ampere law
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: I = ∫ J.ds is the integral form of Ohm’s law and Div (J) = dq/dt is the Gauss
law analogous to D. Through these two equations, we get Div(J) = -dρ/dt. This is the
continuity equation.
3. Calculate the charge density for the current density given 20sin x i + ycos z j at the
origin.
a) 20t
b) 21t
c) 19t
d) -20t
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Using continuity equation, the problem can be solved. Div(J) =
– dρ/dt. Div(J) = 20cos x + cos z. At origin, we get 20cos 0 + cos 0 = 21. To get ρ, on
integrating the Div(J) with respect to t, the charge density will be 21t.
4. Compute the conductivity when the current density is 12 units and the electric field is
20 units. Also identify the nature of the material.
a) 1.67, dielectric
b) 1.67, conductor
c) 0.6, dielectric
d) 0.6, conductor
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The current density is the product of conductivity and electric field
intensity. J = σE. To get σ, put J = 12 and E = 20. σ = 12/20 = 0.6. Since the conductivity
is less than unity, the material is a dielectric.
5. Find the electron density when convection current density is 120 units and the velocity
is 5m/s.
a) 12
b) 600
c) 24
d) 720
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The convection current density is given by J = ρe x v. To get ρe, put J = 120
and v = 5. ρe = 120/5 = 24 units.
6. Calculate the electric field when the conductivity is 20 units, electron density is 2.4
units and the velocity is 10m/s. Assume the conduction and convection current densities
are same.
a) 2.4
b) 4.8
c) 3.6
d) 1.2
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The conduction current density is given by J = σE and the convection
current density is J = ρe v. When both are equal, ρe v = σE. To get E, put σ = 20, ρe = 2.4
and v = 10, E = 2.4 x 10/20 = 1.2 units.
7. Find the mobility of the electrons when the drift velocity is 23 units and the electric
field is 11 units.
a) 1.1
b) 2.2
c) 3.2
d) 0.9
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The mobility is defined as the drift velocity per unit electric field. Thus μe =
vd/E = 23/11 = 2.1 units.
8. Find the resistance of a cylinder of area 200 units and length 100m with conductivity
of 12 units.
a) 1/24
b) 1/48
c) 1/12
d) 1/96
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The resistance is given by R = ρL/A = L/σA. Put L = 100, σ = 12 and A =
200, we get R = 100/(12 x 200) = 1/24 units.
9. Calculate the potential when a conductor of length 2m is having an electric field of

12.3units.
a) 26.4
b) 42.6
c) 64.2
d) 24.6
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The electric field is given by E = V/L. To get V, put E = 12.3 and L =
2.Thus we get V = E x L = 12.3 x 2 = 24.6 units.
10. On equating the generic form of current density equation and the point form of Ohm’s
law, we can obtain V=IR. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The generic current density equation is J = I/A and the point form of Ohm’s
law is J = σ E. On equating both and substituting E = V/L, we get V = IL/σ A = IR which
is the Ohm’s law.
“Boundary Conditions”.
1. The charge within a conductor will be

a) 1
b) -1
c) 0
d) ∞
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: No charges exist in a conductor. An illustration for this statement is that, it is safer to
stay inside a car rather than standing under a tree during lightning. Since the car has a metal body, no
charges will be possessed by it to get ionized by the lightning.
2. For a conservative field which of the following equations holds good?

a) ∫ E.dl = 0
b) ∫ H.dl = 0
c) ∫ B.dl = 0
d) ∫ D.dl = 0
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A conservative field implies the work done in a closed path will be zero. This is given
by ∫ E.dl = 0.
3. Find the electric field if the surface density at the boundary of air is 10 -9.
a) 12π
b) 24π
c) 36π
d) 48π
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: It is the conductor-free space boundary. At the boundary, E = ρ/εo. Put ρ = 10-9 and εo =
10-9/36π. We get E = 36π units.
4. Find the flux density at the boundary when the charge density is given by 24 units.
a) 12
b) 24
c) 48
d) 96
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: At the boundary of a conductor- free space interface, the flux density is equal to the
charge density. Thus D = ρv = 24 units.
5. Which component of the electric field intensity is always continuous at the boundary?
a) Tangential
b) Normal
c) Horizontal
d) Vertical
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: At the boundary of the dielectric-dielectric, the tangential component of the electric
field intensity is always continuous. We get Et1 = Et2.
6. The normal component of which quantity is always discontinuous at the boundary?

a) E
b) D
c) H
d) B
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The normal component of an electric flux density is always discontinuous at the
boundary for a dielectric-dielectric boundary. We get Dn1 = Dn2, when we assume the free surface
charge exists at the interface.
7. The electric flux density of a surface with permittivity of 2 is given by 12 units. What the flux
density of the surface in air?
a) 24
b) 6
c) 1/6
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The relation between electric field and permittivity is given by Dt1/Dt2 = ε1/ε2. Put Dt1
= 12, ε1 = 2 and ε2 =1, we get Dt2 = 12 x 1/ 2 = 6 units.
8. The electric field intensity of a surface with permittivity 3.5 is given by 18 units. What the field
intensity of the surface in air?
a) 5.14
b) 0.194
c) 63
d) 29
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The relation between flux density and permittivity is given by En1/En2 = ε2/ ε1. Put
En1 = 18, ε1 = 3.5 and ε2 = 1. We get En2 = 18 x 3.5 = 63 units.
9. A wave incident on a surface at an angle 60 degree is having field intensity of 6 units. The
reflected wave is at an angle of 30 degree. Find the field intensity after reflection.
a) 9.4
b) 8.4
c) 10.4
d) 7.4
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: By Snell’s law, the relation between incident and reflected waves is given by, E1 sin θ1
= E2 sin θ2. Thus 6 sin 60 = E2 sin 30. We get E2 = 6 x 1.732 = 10.4 units.
10. Find the permittivity of the surface when a wave incident at an angle 60 is reflected by the
surface at 45 in air.
a) 1.41
b) 3.5
c) 2.2
d) 1.73
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: From the relations of the boundary conditions of a dielectric-dielectric interface, we get
tan θ1/tan θ2 = ε1/ε2. Thus tan 60/tan 45 = ε1/1. We get ε1 = tan 60 = 1.73.
“Poisson and Laplace equation”.
1. The given equation satisfies the Laplace equation.

V = x2 + y2 – z2. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Grad (V) = 2xi + 2yj – 4zk. Div (Grad (V)) = Del2(V) = 2+2-4 = 0. It
satisfies the Laplacian equation. Thus the statement is true.
2. In free space, the Poisson equation becomes

a) Maxwell equation
b) Ampere equation
c) Laplace equation
d) Steady state equation
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The Poisson equation is given by Del2(V) = -ρ/ε. In free space, the charges
will be zero. Thus the equation becomes, Del2(V) = 0, which is the Laplace equation.
3. If Laplace equation satisfies, then which of the following statements will be true?
a) Potential will be zero
b) Current will be infinite
c) Resistance will be infinite
d) Voltage will be same
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Laplace equation satisfying implies the potential is not necessarily zero due
to subsequent gradient and divergence operations following. Finally, if potential is
assumed to be zero, then resistance is zero and current will be infinite.
4. Suppose the potential function is a step function. The equation that gets satisfied is
a) Laplace equation
b) Poisson equation
c) Maxwell equation
d) Ampere equation
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Step is a constant function. The Laplace equation Div(Grad(step)) will
become zero. This is because gradient of a constant is zero and divergence of zero vector
will be zero.
5. Calculate the charge density when a potential function x2 + y2 + z2 is in air(in 10-9

order)
a) 1/6π
b) 6/2π
c) 12/6π
d) 10/8π
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Poisson equation is given by Del2(V) = -ρ/ε. To find ρ, put ε = 8.854 x
10-12 in air and Laplacian of the function is 2 + 2 + 2 = 6. Ρ = 6 x 10-9/36π = 1/6π units.
6. The function V = exsin y + z does not satisfy Laplace equation. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Grad (V) = exsin y i + ex cos y j + k. Div(Grad(V)) = exsin y – exsin y + 0=
0.Thus Laplacian equation Div(Grad(V)) = 0 is true.
7. Poisson equation can be derived from which of the following equations?

a) Point form of Gauss law
b) Integral form of Gauss law
c) Point form of Ampere law
d) Integral form of Ampere law
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The point of Gauss law is given by, Div (D)= ρv. On putting
D= ε E and E=- Grad (V) in Gauss law, we get Del2 (V)= -ρ/ε, which is the Poisson
equation.
8. Find the charge density from the function of flux density given by 12x – 7z.
a) 19
b) -5
c) 5
d) -19
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: From point form of Gauss law, we get Div (D) = ρv
Div (D) = Div(12x – 7z) = 12-7 = 5, which the charge density ρv. Thus ρv = 5 units.
9. Find the electric field of a potential function given by 20 log x + y at the point (1,1,0).
a) -20 i – j
b) -i -20 j
c) i + j
d) (i + j)/20
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The electric field is given by E = -Grad(V). The gradient of the given
function is 20i/x + j. At the point (1,1,0), we get 20i + j. The electric field E = -(20i + j) =
-20i – j.
10. When a material has zero permittivity, the maximum potential that it can possess is
a) ∞
b) -∞
c) Unity
d) Zero
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Permittivity is zero, implies that the ability of the material to store electric
charges is zero. Thus the electric field and potential of the material is also zero.
“Resistance and Capacitance”.
1. Find the resistivity of a material having resistance 20kohm, area 2 units and length of
12m.
a) 6666.6
b) 3333.3
c) 1200
d) 2000
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The resistance of a material is given by R = ρL/A. To get ρ, put R = 20 x
103, A = 2 and L = 12. We get ρ = 3333.3 units.
2. A resistor value of colour code orange violet orange will be

a) 37 kohm
b) 37 Mohm
c) 48 kohm
d) 48 Mohm
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Orange refers to number 3. Violet refers to number 7. The third colour code
orange refers to 103. Thus the resistor value will be 37 kilo ohm.
3. A infinite resistance is considered as a/an

a) Closed path(short circuit)
b) Open path
c) Not defined
d) Ammeter with zero reading
View Answer
Answer:b
Explanation: When there exists infinite resistance in a path, the current flowing will
ideally be zero. This is possible only for an open path/circuit.
4. Find the time constant in a series R-L circuit when the resistance is 4 ohm and the
inductance is 2 H.
a) 0.25
b) 0.2
c) 2
d) 0.5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The time constant for an R-L series circuit will be τ = L/R. Put R = 4 and L
= 2. We get τ = 2/4 = 0.5 second.
5. Find the time constant for a R-C circuit for resistance R = 24 kohm and C = 16
microfarad.
a) 1.5 millisecond
b) 0.6 nanosecond
c) 384 millisecond
d) 384 microsecond
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The time constant for R-C circuit is τ = RC. Put R = 24 kilo ohm and C = 16
micro farad. We get τ = 24 x 103 x 16 x 10-6 = 0.384 = 384 millisecond.
6. Find the capacitance when charge is 20 C has a voltage of 1.2V.

a) 32.67
b) 16.67
c) 6.67
d) 12.33
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Capacitance is related to Q and V as C = Q/V. Put C = 20C and V = 1.2V,
we get Q = 20/1.2 = 16.67 farad.
7. Calculate the capacitance of two parallel plates of area 2 units separated by a distance
of 0.2m in air(in picofarad)
a) 8.84
b) 88.4
c) 884.1
d) 0.884
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Capacitance is given by, C = εo A/d. Put A = 2, d = 0.2, εo = 8.854 x 10-12,
we get C = 8.841 x 10-11 = 88. 41 pF.
8. Compute the capacitance between two concentric shells of inner radius 2m and the
outer radius is infinitely large.
a) 0.111 nF
b) 0.222 nF
c) 4.5 nF
d) 5.4 nF
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The concentric shell with infinite outer radius is considered to be an isolated
sphere. The capacitance C = 4πε/(1/a – 1/b). If b->∞, then C = 4πεa. Put a = 2m, we get C
= 4π x 8.854 x 10-12 x 2 = 0.222 nF.
9. The capacitance of a material refers to

a) Ability of the material to store magnetic field
b) Ability of the material to store electromagnetic field
c) Ability of the material to store electric field

d) Potential between two charged plates
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The capacitance of a material is a measure of the ability of the material to
store electric field. It is the ratio of charge stored to the voltage across the parallel plates.
10. A cable of core radius 1.25cm and impregnated paper insulation of thickness 2.13cm
and relative permittivity 3.5. Compute the capacitance of the cable/km(in nF)
a) 195.7
b) 179.5
c) 157.9
d) 197.5
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Capacitance between coaxial cylinders of inner radius 1.25cm and outer
radius 1.25 + 2.13 = 3.38cm will be C = 2πεL/ ln(b/a). Put b = 3.38, a = 1.25 and L =
1000m, we get C = 1.957 x 10-7 = 195.7 nF.
“Method of Images”.
1. Identify the advantage of using method of images.

a) Easy approach
b) Boundaries are replaced by charges
c) Boundaries are replaced by images
d) Calculation using Poisson and Laplace equation
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Electrostatic boundary value problems are difficult if Poisson and Laplace
equation is solved directly. But method of images helps us to solve problems without the
equations. This is done by replacing boundary surfaces with appropriate image charges.
2. Calculate the electric field intensity of a line charge of length 2m and potential 24V.
a) 24
b) 12
c) 0.083
d) 12.67
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The electric field intensity is given by the ratio of potential to distance or
length. E = V/d = 24/2 = 12 V/m.
3. Calculate potential of a metal plate of charge 28C and capacitance 12 mF.

a) 3.33 kohm
b) 2.33 kohm
c) 3.33 Mohm
d) 2.33 Mohm
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Potential is given by V = Q/C. Put Q = 28C and C = 12 mF. We get V =
28/12 x 10-3 = 2.333 x 103 ohm.
4. Find the dissipation factor when series resistance is 5 ohm and capacitive resistance is
10 unit.
a) 2
b) 0.5
c) 1
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The dissipation factor is nothing but the tangent of loss angle of loss
tangent. Tan δ = Series resistance/Capacitive resistance = 5/10 = 0.5.
5. A material with zero resistivity is said to have

a) Zero conductance
b) Infinite conductance
c) Zero resistance
d) Infinite resistance
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Since resistivity is directly proportional to the resistance, when the
resistivity is zero, resistance is also zero. Thus we get zero resistance. The option infinite
conductance is also possible ideally, but it is not possible practically. As there is always
some loss in the form of heat, thus infinite conductance is impossible, but a short circuit
(zero resistance) is practically possible.
6. Find the energy stored by the capacitor 3F having a potential of 12V across it.
a) 432
b) 108
c) 216
d) 54
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The energy stored in a capacitor is given by, E = 0.5 CV 2.
E = 0.5 x 3 x 122 = 0.5 x 432 = 216 units.
7. By method of images, the problem can be easily calculated by replacing the boundary
with which polygon?
a) Rectangle
b) Trapezoid
c) Square
d) Triangle
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When any field or potential needs to be calculated for either line charge or
coaxial cable or concentric cylinder, the method of images uses a triangle which converts
the three dimensional problem to one dimensional analysis. From this, the result can be
calculated.
8. Calculate the electric field due to a surface charge of 20 units on a plate in air(in
1012 order)
a) 2.19
b) 1.12
c) 9.21
d) 2.91
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The electric field due to plate of charge will be E = ρs/2εo. Put ρs = 20, we
get E = 20/(2 x 8.854 x 10-12) = 1.129 x 1012 units.
9. Find the electric field due to charge density of 1/18 and distance from a point P is 0.5
in air(in 109 order)
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The electric field for this case is given by, E = ρl/2πεd. Put ρl = 1/18 and d
= 0.5. We get E = 2 x 109 units.
10. Find the total capacitances when two capacitors 2F and 5F are in series.
a) 5/7
b) 12/7
c) 2/5
d) 10/7
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Two capacitances in series gives C = C1C2/C1 + C2 = 2 x 5/2 + 5 = 10/7
farad.
“Biot Savart Law”.
1. Biot Savart law in magnetic field is analogous to which law in electric field?
a) Gauss law
b) Faraday law
c) Coulomb’s law
d) Ampere law
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Biot Savart law states that the magnetic flux density H = I.dl sinθ/4πr2,
which is analogous to the electric field F = q1q2/4πεr2, which is the Coulomb’s law.
2. Which of the following cannot be computed using the Biot Savart law?
a) Magnetic field intensity
b) Magnetic flux density
c) Electric field intensity
d) Permeability
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The Biot Savart law is used to calculate magnetic field intensity. Using
which we can calculate flux density and permeability by the formula B = μH.
3. Find the magnetic field of a finite current element with 2A current and height 1/2π is
a) 1
b) 2
c) 1/2
d) 1/4
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic field due to a finite current element is given by H = I/2πh. Put
I = 2 and h = 1/2π, we get H = 1 unit.
4. Calculate the magnetic field at a point on the centre of the circular conductor of radius
2m with current 8A.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetic field due to a point in the centre of the circular conductor is
given by H = I/2a. Put I = 8A and a = 2m, we get H = 8/4 = 2 units.
5. The current element of the solenoid of turns 100, length 2m and current 0.5A is given
by,
a) 100 dx
b) 200 dx
c) 25 dx
d) 50 dx
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The current element of the solenoid is given by NI dx/L. Put N = 100, I =
0.5 and L = 2 to get, I dx = 100 x 0.5 x dx/2 = 25 dx.
6. Find the magnetic field intensity at the centre O of a square of the sides equal to 5m
and carrying 10A of current.
a) 1.2
b) 1
c) 1.6
d) 1.8
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The magnetic field is given by H = 4I/√2πω. Put I = 10 and ω = 5m. Thus H
= 4 x 10/√2π(5) = 1.8 unit.
7. Find the magnetic flux density when a point from a finite current length element of
current 0.5A and radius 100nm.
a) 0
b) 0.5
c) 1
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The magnetic flux density is B = μH, where H is given by I/2πr. Put μ = 4π
x 10-7, I = 0.5 and r = 10-7, we get B = 4π x 10-7 x 0.5/2π x 10-7 = 1 unit.
8. In a static magnetic field only magnetic dipoles exist. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: From Gauss law for magnetic field, we get divergence of the magnetic flux
density is always zero (ie, Div(B) = 0). This implies the non-existence of magnetic
monopole.
9. The magnetic field intensity will be zero inside a conductor. State true/false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Electric field will be zero inside a conductor and magnetic field will be zero
outside the conductor. In other words, the conductor boundary, E will be maximum and
H will be minimum.
10. Find the magnetic field when a circular conductor of very high radius is subjected to a
current of 12A and the point P is at the centre of the conductor.
a) 1
b) ∞
c) 0
d) -∞
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The magnetic field of a circular conductor with point on the centre is given
by I/2a. If the radius is assumed to be infinite, then H = 12/2(∞) = 0.
“Faraday Law, EMF and Lenz Law”.

1. For time varying currents, the field or waves will be

a) Electrostatic
b) Magneto static
c) Electromagnetic
d) Electrical
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For stationary charges, the field is electrostatic. For steady currents, the
field is magneto static. But for time varying currents, the field or waves will be
electromagnetic.
2. According to Faraday’s law, EMF stands for

a) Electromagnetic field
b) Electromagnetic force
c) Electromagnetic friction
d) Electromotive force
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The force in any closed circuit due to the change in the flux linkage of the
circuit is called as electromotive force EMF. This phenomenon is called as Faraday’s
law.
3. Calculate the emf when the flux is given by 3sin t + 5cos t

a) 3cos t – 5sin t
b) -3cos t + 5sin t
c) -3sin t – 5cos t
d) 3cos t + 5sin t
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The electromotive force is given by Vemf = -dλ/dt. Thus Vemf = -dλ/dt = -
(3cos t – 5sin t) = -3cos t + 5sin t.
4. The induced voltage will oppose the flux producing it. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: According to Lenz law, the induced voltage acts in such a way that it
opposes the flux producing it. This is indicated by a negative sign.
5. Calculate the emf when a coil of 100 turns is subjected to a flux rate of 0.3 tesla/sec.
a) 3
b) 30
c) -30
d) -300
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The induced emf is given by Vemf = -dλ/dt = -Ndψ/dt. Thus emf will be -
100 x 0.3 = -30 units.
6. Find the displacement current when the flux density is given by t3 at 2 seconds.
a) 3
b) 6
c) 12
d) 27
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The displacement current is given by Jd = dD/dt. Thus Jd = 3t2. At time t =
2, we get Jd = 3(2)2= 12A.
7. Find the force due to a current element of length 2cm and flux density of 12 tesla. The
current through the element will be 5A.
a) 1 N
b) 1.2 N
c) 1.4 N
d) 1.6 N
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The force due to a current element is given by F = BI x L. Thus F = 12 x 5 x
0.02 = 1.2 units.
8. Which of the following statements is true?

a) E is the cross product of v and B
b) B is the cross product of v and E
c) E is the dot product of v and B
d) B is the dot product of v and E
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The electric field is the cross product of the velocity and the magnetic field
intensity. This is given by Lorentz equation.
9. The time varying electric field E is conservative. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The time varying electric field E(t) is not a closed path. Thus the curl will
be non-zero. This implies E(t) is not conservative and the statement is false.
10. When the conduction current density and displacement current density are same, the
dissipation factor will be
a) Zero
b) Minimum
c) Maximum
d) Unity
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Dissipation factor refers to the tangent of loss angle. It is the ratio of
conduction current density to displacement current density. When both are same, the loss
tangent or the dissipation factor will be unity.
“Ampere Law”.
1. The point form of Ampere law is given by

a) Curl(B) = I
b) Curl(D) = J
c) Curl(V) = I
d) Curl(H) = J
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Ampere law states that the line integral of H about any closed path is
exactly equal to the direct current enclosed by that path. ∫ H.dl = I The point form will be
Curl (H) = J.
2. The Ampere law is based on which theorem?

a) Green’s theorem
b) Gauss divergence theorem

c) Stoke’s theorem
d) Maxwell theorem
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The proof of the Ampere’s circuital law is obtained from Stoke’s theorem
for H and J only.
3. Electric field will be maximum outside the conductor and magnetic field will be
maximum inside the conductor. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: At the conductor-free space boundary, electric field will be maximum and
magnetic field will be minimum. This implies electric field is zero inside the conductor
and increases as the radius increases and the magnetic field is zero outside the conductor
and decreases as it approaches the conductor.
4. Find the magnetic flux density of a finite length conductor of radius 12cm and current
3A in air( in 10-6 order)
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetic field intensity is given by H = I/2πr, where I = 3A and r =
0.12. The magnetic flux density in air B = μ H, where μ = 4π x 10-7.Thus B = 4π x 10-7 x
3/2π x 0.12 = 5x 10-6 units.
5. Calculate the magnetic field intensity due to a toroid of turns 50, current 2A and radius
159mm.
a) 50
b) 75
c) 100
d) 200
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The magnetic field intensity is given by H = NI/2πrm, where N = 50, I = 2A
and rm = 1/2π. Thus H = 50 x 2/2π x 0.159 = 100 units.
6. Find the magnetic field intensity due to an infinite sheet of current 5A and charge
density of 12j units in the positive y direction and the z component is above the sheet.
a) -6
b) 12k
c) 60
d) 6
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The magnetic field intensity when the normal component is above the sheet
is Hx = 0.5 K, where K = 12. Thus we get H = 0.5 x 12 = 6 units.
7. Find the magnetic field intensity due to an infinite sheet of current 5A and charge
density of 12j units in the positive y direction and the z component is below the sheet.
a) 6
b) 0
c) -6
d) 60k
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The magnetic intensity when the normal component is below the sheet is Hy
= -0.5 K, where K = 12.Thus we get H = -0.5 x 12 = -6 units.
8. Find the current density on the conductor surface when a magnetic field H = 3cos x i +
zcos x j A/m, for z>0 and zero, otherwise is applied to a perfectly conducting surface in
xy plane.
a) cos x i
b) –cos x i
c) cos x j
d) –cos x j
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By Ampere law, Curl (H) = J. The curl of H will be i(-cos x) – j(0) + k(-z
sin x) = -cos x i – zsin x k. In the xy plane, z = 0. Thus Curl(H) = J = -cos x i.
9. When the rotational path of the magnetic field intensity is zero, then the current in the
path will be
a) 1
b) 0
c) ∞
d) 0.5
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By Ampere law, Curl(H) = J. The rotational path of H is zero, implies the
curl of H is zero. This shows the current density J is also zero. The current is the product
of the current density and area, which is also zero.
10. Find the magnetic field intensity when the current density is 0.5 units for an area up
to 20 units.
a) 10
b) 5
c) 20
d) 40
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that ∫ H.dl = I. By Stoke’s law, we can write Curl(H) = J. In
integral form, H = ∫ J.ds, where J = 0.5 and ds is defined by 20 units. Thus H = 0.5 x 20 =
10 units.
“Maxwell Law”.
1. The divergence of which quantity will be zero?

a) E
b) D
c) H
d) B
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The divergence of the magnetic flux density is always zero. This is because
of the non existence of magnetic monopoles in a magnetic field.
2. Find the charge density when the electric flux density is given by 2x i + 3y j + 4z k.
a) 10
b) 9
c) 24
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The charge density is the divergence of the electric flux density by
Maxwell’s equation. Thus ρ = Div (D) and Div (D) = 2 + 3 + 4 = 9. We get ρ = 9 units.
3. Find the Maxwell equation derived from Faraday’s law.

a) Div(H) = J
b) Div(D) = I
c) Curl(E) = -dB/dt
d) Curl(B) = -dH/dt
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: From the Faraday’s law and Lenz law, using Stoke’s theorem, we get
Curl(E) = -dB/dt. This is the Maxwell’s first law of electromagnetics.
4. Find the Maxwell law derived from Ampere law.

a) Div(I) = H
b) Div(H) = J
c) Curl(H) = J
d) Curl(B) = D
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: From the current density definition and Ohm’s law, the Ampere circuital
law Curl(H) = J can be derived. This is Maxwell’s second law of electromagnetics.
5. The Faraday’s law states about which type of EMF?

a) Transformer EMF
b) Back EMF
c) Generator EMF
d) Secondary EMF
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The stationary loop in a varying magnetic field results in an induced emf
due to the change in the flux linkage of the loop. This emf is called as induced or
transformer EMF.
6. In which of the following forms can Maxwell’s equation not be represented?

a) Static
b) Differential
c) Integral
d) Harmonic
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Maxwell equations can be represented in differential/point form and integral
form alternatively. Sometimes, it can be represented by time varying fields called
harmonic form.
7. The charge build up in the capacitor is due to which quantity?

c) Convection current
d) Direct current
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The charge in the capacitor is due to displacement current. It is the current
in the presence of the dielectric placed between two parallel metal plates.
8. In metals which of the following equation will hold good?

a) Curl(H) = J
b) Curl(J) = dD/dt
c) Curl(H) = D
d) Curl(J) = dB/dt
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Generally, the Curl(H) is the sum of two currents- conduction and
displacement. In case of metals, it constitutes conduction J and in case of dielectrics, it
constitutes the displacement current dD/dt.
9. Find the flux enclosed by a material of flux density 12 units in an area of 80cm.
a) 9.6
b) 12/80
c) 80/12
d) 12/0.8
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The total flux in a material is the product of the flux density and the area. It
is given by flux = 12 x 0.8= 9.6 units.
10. Find the electric flux density of a material with charge density 16 units in unit
volume.
a) 1/16
b) 16t
c) 16
d) 162
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The electric flux density from Maxwell’s equation is given by D = ∫ ρ dv.
On substituting ρ = 16 and ∫dv = 1, we get D = 16 units.
“Magnetic Field Intensity”.

1. The H quantity is analogous to which component in the following?

a) B
b) D
c) E
d) V
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The H quantity refers to magnetic field intensity in the magnetic field. This
is analogous to the electric field intensity E in the electric field.
2. The magnetic flux density is directly proportional to the magnetic field intensity. State
True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic field intensity is directly proportional to the magnetic field
intensity for a particular material (Permeability). It is given by B = μH.
3. Ampere law states that,

a) Divergence of H is same as the flux
b) Curl of D is same as the current
c) Divergence of E is zero
d) Curl of H is same as the current density
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Ampere circuital law or Ampere law states that the closed integral of the
magnetic field intensity is same as the current enclosed by it. It is given by Curl(H) = J.
4. Given the magnetic field is 2.4 units. Find the flux density in air(in 10-6 order).
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: We know that B = μH. On substituting μ = 4π x 10-7 and H = 2.4, we get B =
4π x 10-7 x 2.4 = 3 x 10-6 units.
5. Find the electric field when the magnetic field is given by 2sin t in air.
a) 8π x 10-7 cos t
b) 4π x 10-7 sin t
c) -8π x 10-7 cos t
d) -4π x 10-7 sin t
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Given H = 2sin t. We get B = μH = 4π x 10-7 x 2sin t = 8πx10-7sin t.
To get E, integrate B with respect to time, we get 8πx10-7cos t.
6. Find the height of an infinitely long conductor from point P which is carrying current
of 6.28A and field intensity is 0.5 units.
a) 0.5
b) 2
c) 6.28
d) 1
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetic field intensity of an infinitely long conductor is given by H =
I/2πh. Put I = 6.28 and H = 0.5, we get h = 1/0.5 = 2 units.
7. Find the magnetic field intensity due to a solenoid of length 12cm having 30 turns and
current of 1.5A.
a) 250
b) 325
c) 175
d) 375
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The magnetic field intensity of a solenoid is given by H = NI/L = 30 X
1.5/0.12 = 375 units.
8. Find the magnetic field intensity at the radius of 6cm of a coaxial cable with inner and
outer radii are 1.5cm and 4cm respectively. The current flowing is 2A.
a) 2.73
b) 3.5
c) 0
d) 1.25
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The inner radius is 1.5cm and the outer radius is 4cm. It is clear that the
magnetic field intensity needs to be calculated outside of the conductor ie, r>4cm. This
will lead to zero, since H outside the conductor will be zero.
9. Find the magnetic field intensity of a toroid of turns 40 and radius 20cm. The current
carried by the toroid be 3.25A.
a) 103.45
b) 102
c) 105.7
d) 171
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic field intensity of a toroid is given by H = NI/2πrm. Put N =
40, I = 3.25 and rm = 0.2, we get H = 40 x 3.25/2π x 0.2 = 103.45 units.
10. The magnetic field intensity of an infinite sheet of charge with charge density 36.5
units in air will be
a) 18.25
b) 11.25
c) 73
d) 1/36.5
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic field intensity of an infinite sheet of charge is given by H =
0.5 K, for the point above the sheet and –0.5 K, for the point below the sheet. Here k is
the charge density. Thus H = 0.5 x 36.5 = 18.25 units.
“Magnetic Field Density”.
1. Identify which of the following is the unit of magnetic flux density?

a) Weber
b) Weber/m
c) Tesla
d) Weber-1
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The unit of magnetic flux density is weber/m2. It is also called as tesla.
2. The divergence of H will be

a) 1
b) -1
c) ∞
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: We know that the divergence of B is zero. Also B = μH. Thus divergence of
H is also zero.
3. Find the flux contained by the material when the flux density is 11.7 Tesla and the area
is 2 units.
a) 23.4
b) 12.3
c) 32.4
d) 21.3
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The total flux is given by φ = ∫ B.ds, where ∫ds is the area. Thus φ = BA. We
get φ = 11.7 x 2 = 23.4 units.
4. Find the current when the magnetic field intensity is given by 2L and L varies as 0->1.
a) 2
b) 1
c) 0.5
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: From Ampere law, we get ∫ H.dL = I. Put H = 2L and L = 0->1. On
integrating H with respect to L, the current will be 1A.
5. Find the magnetic field intensity when the flux density is 8 x 10-6 Tesla in the medium
of air.
a) 6.36
b) 3.66
c) 6.63
d) 3.36
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We how that, B = μH. To get H = B/μ, put B = 8 x 10-6 and μ = 4π x 10-7.
Thus H = 8 x 10-6/ 4π x 10-7 = 6.36 units.
6. If ∫ H.dL = 0, then which statement will be true?

a) E = -Grad(V)
b) B = -Grad(D)
c) H = -Grad(Vm)
d) D = -Grad(A)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The given condition shows that the magnetic field intensity will be the
negative gradient of the magnetic vector potential.
7. Find the magnetic flux density of the material with magnetic vector potential A = y i +
z j + x k.
a) i + j + k
b) –i – j – k
c) –i-j
d) –i-k
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetic flux density is the curl of the magnetic vector potential. B =
Curl(A). Thus Curl(A) = i(-1) – j(1) + k(-1) = -i – j – k. We get B = -i – j – k.
8. Find the magnetic flux density when a flux of 28 units is enclosed in an area of 15cm.
a) 178.33
b) 186.67
c) 192.67
d) 124.33
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The total flux is the product of the magnetic flux density and the area. Total
flux = B x A. To get B, put flux/area. B = 28/0.15 = 186.67 units.
9. Find the magnetic flux density B when E is given by 3sin y i + 4cos z j + ex k.

a) ∫(4sin z i – ex j – 3cos y k)dt
b) -∫(4sin z i – ex j – 3cos y k)dt
c) ∫(4sin y i – ex j + 3cos y k)dt
d) -∫(4sin y i + ex j + 3cos y k)dt
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: We know that Curl (E) = -dB/dt. The curl of E is (4sin z i – ex j – 3cos y k).
To get B, integrate the -curl(E) with respect to time to get B = -∫(4sin z i – ex j – 3cos y
k)dt.
10. Find current density J when B = 50 x 10-6 units and area dS is 4 units.
a) 9.94
b) 8.97
c) 7.92
d) 10.21
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: To get H, H = B/μ = 50 x 10-6/ 4π x 10-7 = 39.78 units. Also H = ∫ J.dS,
where H = 39.78 and ∫ dS = 4. Thus J = 39.78/4 = 9.94 units.
“Magnetic Vector Potential”.
1. The magnetic vector potential is a scalar quantity.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetic vector potential could be learnt as a scalar. But it is actually a
vector quantity, which means it has both magnitude and direction.
2. Find the magnetic field intensity when the magnetic vector potential x i + 2y j + 3z k.
a) 6
b) -6
c) 0
d) 1
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetic field intensity is given by H = -Grad(Vm). The gradient of
Vm is 1 + 2 + 3 = 6. Thus H = -6 units.
3. The value of ∫ H.dL will be

a) J
b) I
c) B
d) H
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By Stoke’s theorem, ∫ H.dL = ∫ Curl(H).dS and from Ampere’s law, Curl(H)
= J. Thus ∫ H.dL = ∫ J.dS which is nothing but current I.
4. Given the vector potential is 16 – 12sin y j. Find the field intensity at the origin.
a) 28
b) 16
c) 12
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The field intensity is given by H = – Grad(V). The gradient is given by 0 –
12cos y. At the origin, the gradient will be -12 cos 0 = -12. Thus the field intensity will
be 12 units.
5. Find the vector potential when the field intensity 60x2 varies from (0,0,0) to (1,0,0).
a) 120
b) -20
c) -180
d) 60
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The field intensity H = -Grad(V). To get V, integrate H with respect to the
variable. Thus V = -∫H.dl = -∫60x2 dx = -20x3 as x = 0->1 to get -20.
6. Find the flux density B when the potential is given by x i + y j + z k in air.

a) 12π x 10-7
b) -12π x 10-7
c) 6π x 10-7
d) -6π x 10-7
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The field intensity H = -Grad(V). Since the given potential is a position
vector, the gradient will be 3 and H = -3. Thus the flux density B = μH = 4π x 10-7 x (-3)
= -12π x 10-7 units.
7. The Laplacian of the magnetic vector potential will be

a) –μ J
b) – μ I
c) –μ B
d) –μ H
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Laplacian of the magnetic vector potential is given by Del2(A) = -μ J,
where μ is the permeability and J is the current density.
8. The magnetic vector potential for a line current will be inversely proportional to
a) dL
b) I
c) J
d) R
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The magnetic vector potential for the line integral will be A = ∫ μIdL/4πR. It
is clear that the potential is inversely proportional to the distance or radius R.
9. The current element of the magnetic vector potential for a surface current will be
a) J dS
b) I dL
c) K dS
d) J dV
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The magnetic vector potential for the surface integral is given by A = ∫
μKdS/4πR. It is clear that the current element is K dS.
10. The relation between flux density and vector potential is

a) B = Curl(A)
b) A = Curl(B)
c) B = Div(A)
d) A = Div(B)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic flux density B can be expressed as the space derivative of the
magnetic vector potential A. Thus B = Curl(A).
“Magnetostatic Energy”.
1. Find the induced EMF in an inductor of 2mH and the current rate is 2000 units.
a) 4
b) -4
c) 1
d) -1
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The induced emf is given by e = -Ldi/dt. Put L = 2 x 10-3 and di/dt = 2000 in
the equation. We get e = -2 x 10-3 x 2000 = -4 units.
2. Find the work done in an inductor of 4H when a current 8A is passed through it?
a) 256
b) 128
c) 64
d) 512
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The work done in the inductor will be W = 0.5 x LI2. On substituting L = 4
and I = 8, we get, W = 0.5 x 4 x 82 = 128 units.
3. Find the inductance of a material with 100 turns, area 12 units and current of 2A in air.
a) 0.75mH
b) 7.5mH
c) 75mH
d) 753mH
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The inductance of any material(coil) is given by L = μ N 2A/I. On
substituting N = 100, A = 0.12 and I = 2, we get L = 4π x 10-7 x 1002 x 0.12/2 = 0.75
units.
4. Calculate the magnetic energy when the magnetic intensity in air is given as 14.2
units(in 10-4 order)
a) 1.26
b) 2.61
c) 6.12
d) 1.62
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic energy is given by E = 0.5 μ H2. Put H = 14.2 and in air μ =
4π x 10-7, we get E = 0.5 x 4π x 10-7 x 14.22 = 1.26 x 10-4 units.
5. Calculate the magnetic energy when the magnetic flux density is given by 32 units(in
108 order)
a) 4.07
b) 7.4
c) 0.47
d) 7.04
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic energy is given by E = 0.5 μ H2 and we know that μH = B. On
substituting we get a formula E = 0.5 B2/μ. Put B = 32 and in air μ = 4π x 10-7, we get E =
0.5 x 322/4π x 10-7 = 4.07 x 108 units.
6. Calculate the energy when the magnetic intensity and magnetic flux density are 15 and
65 respectively.
a) 755
b) 487.5
c) 922
d) 645
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetic energy can also be written as E = 0.5 μH 2 = 0.5 BH, since B =
μH. On substituting B = 65 and H = 15 we get E = 0.5 x 65 x 15 = 487.5 units.
7. Find the inductance when the energy is given by 2 units with a current of 16A.
a) 15.6mH
b) 16.5mH
c) 16.8mH
d) 15.8mH
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The energy stored in an inductor is given by E = 0.5 LI2. To get L, put E = 2
and I = 16 and thus L = 2E/I2 = 2 x 2/162 = 15.6mH.
8. Find the power of an inductor of 5H and current 4.5A after 2 seconds.

a) 25.31
b) 50.62
c) 102.4
d) 204.8
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The energy stored in an inductor is given by E = 0.5 LI2. Thus, put L = 5
and I = 4.5 and we get E = 0.5 x 5 x 4.52 = 50.625 units To get power P = E/t = 50.625/2
= 25.31 units.
9. Find the turns in an solenoid of inductance 23.4mH , current 2A and area 15cm.
a) 900
b) 400
c) 498
d) 658
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The inductance of any material(coil) is given by L = μ N2A/I.
Put L = 23.4 x 10-3, I = 2 and A = 0.15, we get N as 498 turns.
10. The energy of a coil depends on the turns. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The inductance is directly proportional to square of the turns. Since the
energy is directly proportional to the inductance, we can say both are dependent on each
other
“Magnetostatic Properties”.
1. The magnetostatics highly relies on which property?

a) Resistance
b) Capacitance
c) Inductance
d) Moment
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The magnetostatics highly relies on the inductance of the magnetic
materials, which decides its behavior in the influence of magnetic field.
2. The inductance is the measure of

a) Electric charges stored by the material
b) Emf generated by energising the coil
c) Magnetic field stored by the material
d) Magnetization of dipoles
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The inductance is a property of an electric conductor/coil which measures
the amount of emf generated by passing current through the coil.
3. Find the total flux in a coil of magnetic flux density 12 units and area 7 units.
a) 0.84
b) 0.96
c) 8.4
d) 9.6
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The total flux in a coil is defined by φ = BA, where B = 12 and A = 0.07.
On substituting these values, we get φ = 12 x 0.07 = 0.84 units.
4. Find the energy of a coil of inductance 18mH and current passing through it 1.25A.(in
10-3 order)
a) 14.06
b) 61
c) 46.1
d) 28.12
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic energy possessed by a coil is given by E = 0.5 x LI2. Put L =
18 x 10-3 and I = 1.25, thus we get E = 0.5 x 18 x 10-3 x 1.252 = 14.06 x 10-3 units.
5. Using Maxwell equation which of the following cannot be calculated directly?

a) B
b) D
c) A
d) H
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The Maxwell equations can be used to compute E,H,D,B and J directly. It is
not possible to find the magnetic vector potential A directly.
6. Which of the following relation will hold good?

a) D = μ H
b) B = ε E
c) E = ε D
d) B = μ H
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The magnetic flux density is the product the permeability and the magnetic
field intensity. This statement is always true for any material (permeability).
7. The permeability and permittivity of air or free space is unity. State true/false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The permeability and permittivity of free space or air is always unity. This
implies that the air is always ready to store electric or magnetic charges subjected to it.
8. Choose the best relation.

a) A = -Div(V)
b) V = Curl(A)
c) H = -Grad(V)
d) V = Div(E)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For any magnetic field, the magnetic field intensity will be the negative
gradient of the potential of the field. This is given by H = -Grad(V).
9. Find the magnetic field when the magnetic vector potential is a unit vector.
a) 1
b) -1
c) 0
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: We know that H = -Grad(V), where is a unit vector. The gradient of a
constant/unit vector will be zero. Thus the magnetic field intensity will be zero.
10. Find the force experienced by an electromagnetic wave in a conductor?

a) Electrostatic force
b) Magneto static force
c) Electro motive force
d) Lorentz force
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The electromagnetic wave experiences Lorentz force which is the
combination of the electrostatic force and magneto static force. It is given by F = QE +
Q(V X B).
“Real Time Applications”.
1. In a magnetic material, always there exist magnetic dipoles as well as monopoles. State
True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A magnetic material possesses only magnetic dipoles. The absence of
magnetic monopoles is indicated by the equation Div(B) = 0.
2. Find the total flux in a material of flux density 15 units in an area of 24 units.
a) 3.6
b) 7.2
c) 9.6
d) 5.4
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The total flux in a material is given by φ = ∫ B.dS. Put B= 15 and ∫dS = 0.24.
On substituting, we get φ = 15 x 0.24 = 3.6 units.
3. Find the magnetic field intensity of a material with flux density of 24 units in air(in
106 order)
a) 19.09
b) 21
c) 25
d) 26.78
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic flux density is given by B = μ H. To get H, put B = 24 and μ
= 4∏ x 10-7. Thus H = 24/4∏ x 10-7 = 19.09 x 106 units.
4. Find the magnetic flux density when the vector potential is a position vector.
a) 1
b) 0
c) -1
d) ∞
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetic flux density is given by B = Curl(A) and A = x i + y j + z k.
The curl of the position vector A is i(0) – j(0) + k(0) = 0. Thus the flux density is also
zero.
5. When the electric field travels in +x direction and the EM wave is travelling the –y
direction, then the magnetic field will be travelling in which direction?
a) +z direction
b) –z direction
c) Either +z or –z direction
d) Does not travel
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The electric field and magnetic field will always travel perpendicular to
each other and the EM wave will travel perpendicular to both these fields. In the given
condition when E travels in +x direction and wave in –y direction, then the H field that is
perpendicular to both components will be travelling in either +z or –z direction.
6. Inductance is present in semiconductor. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Inductance property exists only for pure conductors like coil, solenoid,
toroid etc. It is not present in semiconductors.
7. Electromagnetic waves are longitudinal in nature. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Light and other electromagnetic radiations are transverse in nature as they
travel at the same speed through a vacuum, such as through space. Such waves vibrate at
right angles to the direction of propagation.
8. Identify the devices that do not use electromagnetic energy.

a) Television
b) Washing machine
c) Microwave oven
d) Mobile phones
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Television and mobile phones use the electromagnetic waves as signals.
Microwave ovens generate electromagnetic waves (microwaves) for heating the food.
Washing machine does not use any EM wave for its operation.
9. Find the flux density of a conductor in the square of the centre of the loop having
current 3.14A and radius is 1.414m in air.
a) 8π x 10-7
b) 4π x 10-7
c) 6π x 10-7
d) 2π x 10-7
View Answer
10. Which type of flux will increase the inductance?
a) Series aiding
b) Series opposing
c) Shunt aiding
d) Shunt opposing
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The series aiding flux will give maximum inductance to a circuit compared
to any other fluxing techniques. This is because all the individual and mutual inductances
will get added.
“Magnetic Force and Lorentz Force”.

1. Find the electric force when the charge of 2C is subjected to an electric field of 6 units.
a) 6
b) 3
c) 12
d) 24
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The electric force is given by F = qE, where q = 2C and E = 6 units. Thus we get F = 2
x 6 = 12 units.
2. Find the magnetic force when a charge 3.5C with flux density of 4 units is having a velocity of
2m/s.
a) 14
b) 28
c) 7
d) 32
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetic force is given by F = q(v x B), where q = 3.5C, v = 2m/s and B = 4 units.
Thus we get F = 3.5(2 x 4) = 28 units.
3. Find the electric field when the velocity of the field is 12m/s and the flux density is 8.75 units.
a) 510
b) 105
c) 150
d) 165
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The electric field intensity is the product of the velocity and the magnetic flux density
ie, E = v x B = 12 x 8.75 = 105 units.
4. Find the Lorentz force of a charge 2.5C having an electric field of 5 units and magnetic field of
7.25 units with a velocity 1.5m/s.
a) 39.68
b) 68.39
c) 86.93
d) 93.68
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Lorentz force is given by F = qE + q(v x B), it is the sum of electric and magnetic
force. On substituting q = 2.5, E = 5, v = 1.5 and B = 7.25, F = 2.5(5) + 2.5(1.5 x 7.25) = 39.68 units.
5. The force on a conductor of length 12cm having current 8A and flux density 3.75 units at an angle
of 300 is
a) 1.6
b) 2
c) 1.4
d) 1.8
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The force on a conductor is given by F = BIL sin θ, where B = 3.75, I = 8, L = 0.12 and
θ = 300. We get F = 3.75 x 8 x 0.12 sin 30 = 1.8 units.
6. The force per unit length of two conductors carrying equal currents of 5A separated by a distance
of 20cm in air(in 10-6 order)
a) 25
b) 35
c) 40
d) 50
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The force per unit length of two conductors is given by
F = μ I1xI2/2πD, where I1 = I2 = 5 and D = 0.2. Thus F = 4π x 10 -7 x 52/ 2π x 0.2 = 25 x 10-6 units.
7. When currents are moving in the same direction in two conductors, then the force will be
a) Attractive
b) Repulsive
c) Retracting
d) Opposing
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When two conductors are having currents moving in the same direction then the forces
of the two conductors will be moving towards each other or attractive.
8. Find the flux density due to a conductor of length 6m and carrying a current of 3A(in 10 -7 order)
a) 1
b) 10
c) 100
d) 0.1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The flux density is B = μH, where H = I/2πR. Put I = 3 and R = 6, we get B = 4π x 10 -
7
x 3/2π x 6 = 1 x 10-7 units.
9. Find the maximum force of the conductor having length 60cm, current 2.75A and flux density of 9
units.
a) 14.85
b) 18.54
c) 84.25
d) 7.256
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The force on a conductor is given by F = BIL sin θ, where B = 3.75, I = 8, L = 0.12 and
θ = 90 for maximum force. We get F
= BIL= 9 x 2.75 x 0.6 sin 90 = 14.85 units.
10. The magnetic force impacts the energy of the field. State True/false.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic force depends on the flux density of a material and the flux density is in
turn dependent on the energy of the material. It can be shown that F = q(v x B) and E = 0.5 x B 2/μ. It
is clear that B and F are related.
“Magnetic Torque”.
1. Find the force that exists in an electromagnetic wave.

a) Electrostatic force
b) Magnetostatic force
c) Lorentz force
d) Electromotive force
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In an electromagnetic wave, the force of the electric and magnetic field both
coexist. This is given by F = qE + q(v x B). It is called Lorentz force.
2. In an field having a force of 12N and distance 20cm, the torque will be
a) 0.24
b) 2.4
c) 24
d) 12/20
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The torque is defined as the product of the force and distance in a field.
Thus T = F x d = 12 x 0.2 = 2.4 units.
3. Find the torque in a conductor having current 2A, flux density 50 units, length 15cm
and distance of 8m.
a) 120
b) 240
c) 800
d) 350
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The torque on a conductor is given by T = BILd, where L x d is the area of
the conductor. Thus the torque will be, T = 50 x 2 x 0.15 x 8 = 120 units.
4. The distance of the conductor when the area and length of the conductor is 24m2 and
13.56m.
a) 1.76
b) 2.67
c) 1.52
d) 2.15
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that the surface integral is the area component which is the
product of two dimensions given by length and distance in a conductor. Thus A = L x d.
To get d, d = A/L = 24/13.56 = 1.76 units.
5. The torque on a conductor with flux density 23 units, current 1.6A and area 6.75 units
will be
a) 248.4
b) 192.6
c) 175.4
d) 256.9
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The maximum torque on a conductor will be at perpendicular angle ie, at
90. The torque will be given as T = BIA, where B = 23, I = 1.6 and A = 6.75.Thus we get,
T = 23 x 1.6 x 6.75 = 248.4 units.
6. Consider the conductor to be a coil of turns 60 and the flux density to be 13.5 units,
current 0.12A and area 16units. The torque will be
a) 1555.2
b) 1222.5
c) 525.1
d) 255.6
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For a single turn or loop, the torque will be BIA. For N turns, the torque will
be T = NBIA, where N = 60, B = 13.5, I = 0.12 and A = 16. Thus T = 60 x 13.5 x 0.12 x
16 = 1555.2 units.
7. The torque of a conductor is defined only in the case when

a) The field is perpendicular to the loop
b) The plane of the loop is parallel to the field
c) The plane of the loop is perpendicular to the current direction
d) The field and the current direction are same
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The torque of a conductor is given by T = NBIA. This equation of the
conductor is valid only when the plane of the loop is parallel to the magnetic field applied
to it.
8. Find the angle at which the torque is minimum.

a) 30
b) 45
c) 60
d) 90
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The torque of a conductor loop is given by T = BIA cos θ. The torque is
minimum refers to zero torque. This is possible only when the angle is 90 or
perpendicular.
9. The magnetic moment and torque are related as follows

a) T = BM
b) B = TM
c) M = TB
d) T = M
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The torque is defined as the product of the magnetic flux density and the
magnetic moment. It is given by T = BM, where M = IA is the magnetic moment.
10. Calculate the magnetic moment when a field of B= 51 units is subjected to a torque of
20 units.
a) 0.39
b) 4.2
c) 2.55
d) 3.21
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic moment is given by the ratio of the torque and the magnetic
flux density. Thus M = T/B, where T = 20 and B = 51 units. We get M = 20/51 = 0.39
units.
“Magnetic Dipole”.
1. The magnetic moment of a field with current 12A and area 1.6 units is
a) 19.2
b) 12.9
c) 21.9
d) 91.2
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic moment is the product of current and the area of the
conductor. It is given by M = IA, where I = 12 and A = 1.6.Thus we get, M = 12 x 1.6 =
19.2 units.
2. Find the torque of a loop with magnetic moment 12.5 and magnetic flux density 7.65
units is
a) 95.625
b) 65.925
c) 56.525
d) 65.235
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The torque is defined as the product of the magnetic moment and the
magnetic flux density given by T = MB, where M = 12.5 and B = 7.65. Thus we get T =
12.5 x 7.65 = 95.625 units.
3. The magnetization is defined by the ratio of

a) Magnetic moment to area
b) Magnetic moment to volume
c) Magnetic flux density to area
d) Magnetic flux density to volume
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetization refers to the amount of dipole formation in a given
volume when it is subjected to a magnetic field. It is given by the ratio of the magnetic
moment to the volume. Thus Pm = M/V.
4. Find the orbital dipole moment in a field of dipoles of radius 20cm and angular
velocity of 2m/s(in 10-22 order)
a) 64
b) 76
c) 54
d) 78
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The orbital dipole moment is given by M = 0.5 x eVangx r2, where e = 1.6 x
10-19 is the charge of the electron, Vang = 2 and r = 0.2. On substituting, we get M = 0.5 x
1.6 x 10-19x 2 x 0.22= 64 x 10-22 units.
5. Find the orbital angular moment of a dipole with angular velocity of 1.6m/s and radius
35cm(in 10-31 order)
a) 1.78
b) 8.71
c) 7.18
d) 2.43
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The orbital angular moment is given by Ma = m x Vangx r2,where m = 9.1 x
10-31, Vang = 1.6 and r = 0.35. On substituting, we get, Ma = 9.1 x 10-31 x 1.6 x 0.352 =
1.78 x 10-31 units.
6. The ratio of the orbital dipole moment to the orbital angular moment is given by
a) e/m
b) –e/m
c) e/2m
d) –e/2m
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The orbital dipole moment is given by M = 0.5 x eVangx r2 and the orbital
angular moment is given by Ma = m x Vangx r2. Their ratio M/Ma is given by –e/2m, the
negative sign indicates the charge of electron.
7. Calculate the Larmer angular frequency for a magnetic flux density of 12.34 x 10-10.
a) 108.36
b) 810.63
c) 368.81
d) 183.36
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Larmer angular frequency is the product of magnitude of the ratio of
orbital dipole moment to orbital angular moment and the magnetic flux density. It is
given by fL = B e/2m, where is the charge of electron and m is the mass of the electron.
On substituting, we get fL = 12.34 x 10-10 x 1.6 x 10-19/(2 x 9.1 x 10-31) = 108.36 units.
8. The Bohr magneton is given by

a) eh/2m
b) eh/2πm
c) eh/4m
d) eh/4πm
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In atomic physics, the Bohr magneton (symbol μB) is a physical constant
and the natural unit for expressing the magnetic moment of an electron caused by either
its orbital or spin angular momentum. It is given by eh/4πm, where h is the Planck’s
constant, e is the charge of the electron and m is the mass of the electron.
9. Find the magnetization of the field which has a magnetic moment 16 units in a volume
of 1.2 units.
a) 16.67
b) 13.33
c) 15.56
d) 18.87
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetization is the ratio of the magnetic moment to the volume. Thus
M = m/v, where m = 16 and v = 1.2. We get M = 16/1.2 = 13.33 units.
10. Which of the following is true regarding magnetic lines of force?

a) Real
b) Imaginary
c) Does not exist
d) Parallel to field
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Magnetic Lines of Force is a an imaginary line representing the direction of
magnetic field such that the tangent at any point is the direction of the field vector at that
point.
“Magnetic Materials”.
1. The presence of parallel alignment of magnetic dipole moment is given by which

materials?
a) Diamagnetic
b) Ferromagnetic
c) Paramagnetic
d) Ferromagnetic
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The ferromagnetic materials are characterized by parallel alignment of
magnetic dipole moments. Their susceptibility is very large.
2. The magnetic materials follow which law?

a) Faraday’s law
b) Ampere law
c) Lenz law
d) Curie Weiss law
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Generally, the ferromagnetic, paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials
follow the Curie Weiss law, which relates the magnetization and the applied field.
3. Find the internal field when the applied field is 12 units, molecular field constant is 0.1
units and the magnetization is 74 units.
a) 86
b) 62
c) 752
d) 19.4
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: From Curie law, the internal field of a magnetic material is given by H = Ho
+ χ M, where χ is the molecular field constant. Put χ = 0.1, M = 74 and Ho = 12, we get H
= 12 + (0.1)74 = 19.4 units.
4. In which materials the magnetic anisotropy is followed?

a) Diamagnetic
b) Paramagnetic
c) Ferromagnetic
d) Ferromagnetic
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In materials like iron, the magnetic properties depend on the direction in
which they are measured. This is magnetic anisotropy. The material iron is a
ferromagnetic material type.
5. Piezoelectric effect is analogous to which phenomenon?

a) Electrostriction
b) Magnetostriction
c) Anisotropy
d) Magnetization
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The piezoelectric effect is the mechanical strain caused on a material like
quartz when subjected to an electric field. The same is observed in a ferromagnetic
material called magnetostriction.
6. The converse of magnetostriction is called the

a) Magnetization
b) Magnetic anisotropy
c) Villari effect
d) Curie effect
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When a strain is applied, the change in magnetic field is observed. This is
the converse of the magnetostriction phenomenon and is called Villari effect.
7. The materials having very small susceptibility at all temperatures are

a) Antiferromagnetic
b) Diamagnetic
c) Ferromagnetic
d) Paramagnetic
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In antiferromagnetic materials, the susceptibility will decrease with increase
in temperature. They have relatively small susceptibility at all temperatures.
8. Find the susceptibility when the curie constant is 0.2 and the difference in critical
temperature and paramagnetic curie temperature is 0.01.
a) 2
b) 20
c) 0.02
d) 200
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The susceptibility in magnetic materials is given by χm = C/(T-θ), where C
is the curie constant, T is the critical temperature and θ is the paramagnetic curie
temperature. Put C = 0.2 and T-θ = 0.01, thus we get susceptibility as 0.2/0.01 = 20.
9. The susceptibility is independent of temperature in which material?

a) Paramagnetic
b) Ferromagnetic
c) Diamagnetic
d) Ferromagnetic
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In the diamagnetic materials, the susceptibility is very small and negative.
Thus the susceptibility will be independent of the temperature. The atoms of solids
having closed shells and metals like gold have this property.
10. In ferromagnetic materials the susceptibility is infinity. State True/False

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The ferromagnetic materials are iron, nickel, cobalt which are highly
attracted by magnetic field. Thus their susceptibility is also very high and nearing
infinity. Also ferrimagnetics have infinite susceptibility.
“Magnetization”.
1. Find the Lorentz force due to a conductor of length 2m carrying a current of 1.5A and
magnetic flux density of 12 units.
a) 24
b) 36
c) 32
d) 45
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Lorentz is given by the product of the current, differential length and
the magnetic flux density. Put B = 12, I = 1.5 and L = 2, thus we get F = BIL = 12 x 1.5 x
2 = 36 units.
2. Calculate the flux density due to a circular conductor of radius 100nm and current 5A
in air.
a) 10
b) 100
c) 0.1
d) 1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The field intensity of this conductor is I/2πR and since B = μH, the flux
density will be B = μI/2πR. Put I = 5 and R = 100 x 10-9, thus we get B = 4π x 10-7x 5/(2π
x 100 x 10-9) = 10 units.
3. The torque expression of a current carrying conductor is

a) T = BIA cos θ
b) T = BA cos θ
c) T = BIA sin θ
d) T = BA sin θ
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The torque is given by the product of the flux density, magnetic moment IA
and the sine angle of the conductor held by the field. This gives T = BIA sin θ.
4. Find the current in a dipole with a moment of 16 units and area of 9 units.
a) 1.78
b) 2.78
c) 1.87
d) 2.34
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The dipole moment is given by M = IA. To get I, put M = 16 and A = 9, we
get I = M/A = 16/9 = 1.78 units.
5. The expression for magnetization is given by(I-current, A-area, V-volume)

a) M = IAV
b) M = IA/V
c) M = V/IA
d) M = 1/IAV
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnetization is defined as the magnetic moment per unit volume and
the magnetic moment is IA. Thus M = IA/V is the expression.
6. Find the permeability of a medium whose susceptibility is 100.

a) -100
b) 99
c) -99
d) 101
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The susceptibility is given by χm = μr-1. To get permeability, μr = χm + 1 =
100 + 1 = 101 units.
7. Calculate the magnetization of a material with susceptibility of 50 and field intensity of

0.25 units.
a) 12.5
b) 25
c) 75
d) 37.5
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetization is the product of the susceptibility and the field intensity
given by M = χmH. Put χm = 50 and H = 0.25, then M = 50 x 0.25 = 12.5 units.
8. Very small and positive susceptibility is found in

a) Ferromagnetic
b) Diamagnetic
c) Paramagnetic
d) Antiferromagnetic
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Paramagnetic materials are characterized by a small and positive
susceptibility. The susceptibility and the temperature are directly related.
9. Which of the following materials is ferrimagnetic?

a) Fe
b) Sn
c) Fe2O3
d) FeCl
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Fe is iron and a ferromagnetic material. Sn and FeCl are not magnetic
materials. The oxides of iron like ferric oxide Fe2O3 is said to be a ferrimagnetic material.
10. Identify the diamagnetic material.

a) Silicon
b) Germanium
c) Silver
d) Cobalt
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The diamagnetic materials are characterised by very small or negative
susceptibility. Also the susceptibility is independent of the temperature. The material
having these properties is germanium from the given options. Metals like gold and atoms
with closed shells are also diamagnetic.
“Magnetic Boundary Conditions”.
1. Find the correct relation between current density and magnetization.

a) J = Grad(M)
b) J = Div(M)
c) J = Curl(M)
d) M = Curl(J)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The curl of the magnetization gives the magnetic field intensity
theoretically. From Maxwell equation, we can correlate that with the current density
(Ampere law)
2. The tangential component of the magnetic field intensity is continuous at the boundary
of separation of two media. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For two medium of separation, the tangential component of the magnetic
field intensity will be continuous. This is analogous to the fact that the tangential
component of the electric field intensity is continuous at the boundary.
3. In air, the tangential component of flux density is continuous at the boundary. State
True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Since the tangential component of the magnetic field intensity will be
continuous and B = μH, in air, the tangential component of the flux density will also be
continuous.
4. The flux density of medium 1 has a normal component of 2.4 units, then the normal
component of the flux density in the medium 2 will be
a) 1.2
b) 4.8
c) 2.4
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Unlike the electric fields, the magnetic flux density has normal component
same in both the mediums. This gives Bn1 = Bn2.
5. The normal component of magnetic field intensity at the boundary of separation of the
medium will be
a) Same
b) Different
c) Negative
d) Inverse
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The normal component and tangential components of the magnetic flux
density will be same. This holds good for any medium.
6. The line integral of the magnetic field intensity is the

a) Current density
b) Current
c) Magnetic flux density
d) Magnetic moment
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The line integral of the magnetic field intensity is given by ∫H.dl. This is
same as the current component. From this relation, the Ampere law can be deduced.
7. Find the magnetization of the material with susceptibility of 6 units and magnetic field
intensity of 13 units.
a) 2.16
b) 6.2
c) 78
d) 1.3
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The magnetization is the product of the susceptibility and the magnetic field
intensity. Thus M = 6 x 13 = 78 units.
8. Find the ratio of permeability of the two media when the wave is incident on the
boundary at 45 degree and reflected by the boundary at 60 degree.
a) 1:1
b) √3:1
c) 1:√3
d) 1:√2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: From the magnetic boundary conditions, the ratio of permeability μ1/μ2 =
tan θ1/tan θ2 and θ1 = 45, θ2 = 60. Thus we get μ1/μ2 = 1/√3. The ratio will be 1:√3.
9. Find the magnetic moment of a material with magnetization 5 units in a volume of 35

units.
a) 7
b) 1/7
c) 15
d) 175
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The magnetization is the ratio of the magnetic moment and the volume. To
get moment, put M = 5 and V = 35, thus moment will be 5 x 35 = 175 units.
10. A boundary of separation between two magnetic materials is identified by which

factor?
a) Change in the permeability
b) Change in permittivity
c) Change in magnetization
d) Conduction
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Two materials are differentiated by their permeability in case of magnetic
and permittivity in case of electric. Thus at the boundary of separation, change in
permeability is identified for magnetic materials
“Inductance”.
1. Calculate the emf of a coil with turns 100 and flux rate 5 units.
a) 20
b) -20
c) 500
d) -500
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The emf is the product of the turns of the coil and the flux rate. Thus e = -N
dφ/dt, where the negative sign indicates that the emf induced is opposing the flux. Thus e
= -100 x 5 = -500 units.
2. The equivalent inductances of two coils 2H and 5H in series aiding flux with mutual
inductance of 3H is
a) 10
b) 30
c) 1
d) 13
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The equivalent inductance of two coils in series is given by L = L1 + L2 +
2M, where L1 and L2 are the self inductances and M is the mutual inductance. Thus L =
2 + 5 + 2(3) = 13H.
3. The expression for the inductance in terms of turns, flux and current is given by
a) L = N dφ/di
b) L = -N dφ/di
c) L = Niφ
d) L = Nφ/i
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that e = -N dφ/dt and also e = -L di/dt. On equating both we get, L
= Ndφ/di is the expression for inductance.
4. The equivalent inductance of two coils with series opposing flux having inductances
7H and 2H with a mutual inductance of 1H.
a) 10
b) 7
c) 11
d) 13
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The equivalent inductance of two coils in series with opposing flux is L =
L1 + L2 – 2M, where L1 and L2 are the self inductances and M is the mutual inductance.
Thus L = 7 + 2 – 2(1) = 7H.
5. A coil is said to be loosely coupled with which of the following conditions?

a) K>1
b) K<1
c) K>0.5
d) K<0.5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: k is the coefficient of coupling. It lies between 0 and 1. For loosely coupled
coil, the coefficient of coupling will be very less. Thus the condition K<0.5 is true.
6. With unity coupling, the mutual inductance will be

a) L1 x L2
b) L1/L2
c) √(L1 x L2)
d) L2/L1
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The expression for mutual inductance is given by M = k √(L1 x L2), where
k is the coefficient of coupling. For unity coupling, k = 1, then M = √(L1 x L2).
7. The inductance is proportional to the ratio of flux to current. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The expression is given by L = Ndφ/di. It can be seen that L is proportional
to the ratio of flux to current. Thus the statement is true.
8. Calculate the mutual inductance of two tightly coupled coils with inductances 49H and
9H.
a) 21
b) 58
c) 40
d) 49/9
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For tightly coupled coils, the coefficient of coupling is unity. Then the
mutual inductance will be M = √(L1 x L2)= √(49 x 9) = 21 units.
9. Find the inductance of a coil with turns 50, flux 3 units and a current of 0.5A
a) 150
b) 300
c) 450
d) 75
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The self inductance of a coil is given by L = Nφ/I, where N = 50, φ = 3 and
I = 0.5. Thus L = 50 x 3/0.5 = 300 units.
10. The inductance of a coaxial cable with inner radius a and outer radius b, from a
distance d, is given by
a) L = μd ln(b/a)/2π
b) L = 2π μd ln(b/a)
c) L = πd/ln(b/a)
d) L = 0
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The inductance of a coaxial cable with inner radius a and outer radius b,
from a distance d, is a standard formula derived from the definition of the inductance.
This is given by L = μd ln(b/a)/2π.
“Magnetic Energy and Circuits”.
1. The magnetic energy of a magnetic material is given by

a) BH/2
b) B/2H
c) H/2B
d) B/H
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnetic energy of a material is given by half of the product of the
magnetic flux density and the magnetic field intensity. It is represented as BH/2. Since B
= μH, we can also write as μH2 or B2/2μ.
2. The induced emf in a material opposes the flux producing it. This is
a) Faraday law
b) Ampere law
c) Lenz law
d) Curie law
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The induced emf in a material under the influence of a magnetic field will
oppose the flux that produces it. This is indicated by a negative sign in the emf equation.
This phenomenon is called Lenz law.
3. The energy in a magnetic material is due to which process?

a) Emf
b) Magnetization
c) Magnetostriction
d) Polarization
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The energy in a magnetic material is due to the formation of magnetic
dipoles which are held together due to magnetic force. This gives energy to the material.
Hence it is due to magnetization process.
4. The flux lines of two energised coils overlapping on each other will give
a) Series aiding
b) Shunt aiding
c) Series opposing
d) Shunt opposing
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Flux lines are the magnetic lines of force of a magnetic material. Since the
flux is overlapping, the total flux of the two coils together will be high. Thus it is an
aiding flux. Also this type of overlapping is possible only when the two coils are back to
back or in series connection.
5. The resistance in a magnetic material is called as

a) Capacitance
b) Inductance
c) Reluctance
d) Magnetic resistance
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The reluctance of a magnetic material is the ability of the material to oppose
the magnetic flux. It is the ratio of the magnetic motive force mmf to the flux.
6. Calculate the reluctance of the material with a mmf of 3.5 units and flux of 7units.
a) 32.5
b) 10.5
c) 0.5
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The reluctance is defined as the ratio of the mmf and the flux. It is given by
S = mmf/φ. On substituting mmf = 3.5 and φ = 7, we get S = 3.5/7 = 0.5 units.
7. Which of the following relations is correct?

a) NI = Sφ
b) NS = Iφ
c) Nφ = SI
d) NI = S/φ
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The reluctance is also defined by the ratio of the current element to the flux.
In other words, mmf = NI. Thus S = NI/φ. We get the relation NI = Sφ.
8. Calculate the reluctance of a material with length 2π x 10-4 in air with area 0.5.
a) 1
b) 10
c) 100
d) 1000
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The reluctance is given by S = L/μ A, where L is the length, A is the area
and μ is the permeability. On substituting L = 2π x 10-4, A = 0.5 and μ = 4π x 10-7, we get
S = 103/(2×0.5) = 1000 units.
9. Ampere turn is equivalent to which element?

a) Sφ
b) S/φ
c) φ/S
d) S
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Ampere turn refers to the current element, which is the product of the turns
and the current. It is given by NI. From the definition of reluctance, S = NI/φ. Thus NI =
Sφ is the best equivalent.
10. The line integral of the magnetic field intensity is given by

a) Turns
b) Flux density
c) MMF
d) Current element
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The line integral of H is given by ∫H. dl. From Ampere law it can be related
to the current density and hence the current element NI for a coil of N turns. Thus, ∫H. dl
= NI.
“Maxwell Law 1”.
1. The first Maxwell law is based on which law?

a) Ampere law
b) Faraday law
c) Lenz law
d) Faraday and Lenz law
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The first Maxwell equation states that Curl(E) = -dB/dt. It is based on the
emf concept. Thus it is derived from the Faraday and Lenz law.
2. The benefit of Maxwell equation is that

a) Any parameter can be calculated
b) Antenna can be designed
c) Polarisation of the wave can be calculated
d) Transmission line constants can be found
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Maxwell equation relates the parameters E, D, H, B. When one
parameter is known the other parameters can be easily calculated. In other words, it is
used to relate an electric field parameter with its equivalent magnetic field.
3. The correct sequence to find H, when D is given is

a) D-E-B-H
b) D-B-E-H
c) It cannot be computed from the data given
d) D-H
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There is no direct relation between D and H, so the option D-H is not
possible. Using the formula D = εE, the parameter E can be computed from D. By
Maxwell equation, Curl(E) = -dB/dt, the parameter B can be calculated. Using the
formula B = μH, the parameter H can be calculated. Thus the sequence is D-E-B-H.
4. The curl of the electric field intensity is

a) Conservative
b) Rotational
c) Divergent
d) Static
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The curl of electric field intensity is Curl(E). From Maxwell law, the curl of
E is a non-zero value. Thus E will be rotational.
5. Which of the following identities is always zero for static fields?

a) Grad(Curl V)
b) Curl(Div V)
c) Div(Grad V)
d) Curl(Grad V)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The curl of gradient of a vector is always zero. This is because the gradient
of V is E and the curl of E is zero for static fields.
6. Find the Maxwell first law value for the electric field intensity is given by A sin wt az
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) A
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The value of Maxwell first equation is Curl(E). The curl of E is zero. Thus
for the given field, the value of Maxwell equation is zero. Thus the field is irrotational.
7. Find the electric field applied on a system with electrons having a velocity 5m/s
subjected to a magnetic flux of 3.6 units.
a) 15
b) 18
c) 1.38
d) 0.72
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The electric field intensity is the product of the velocity and the magnetic
flux density. Thus E = v x B, on substituting v = 5 and B = 3.6, we get E = 5 x 3.6 = 18
units.
8. Which of the following relations holds good?

a) Bq = ILE
b) E = ILBq
c) Eq = ILB
d) B = ILEq
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The force of a electrostatic field in given by F = Eq. The force on a
conductor is given by F = BIL. In the case when a charge exists on a conductor, both the
forces can be equated. Thus Eq = BIL is true.
9. When the Maxwell equation is expressed in frequency domain, then which substitution
is possible?
a) d/dt = w/j
b) d/dt = j/w
c) d/dt = jw
d) Expression in frequency domain is not possible
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The conversion of time to frequency domain in Maxwell equation is given
by the Fourier Transform. Differentiation in time gives jw in frequency domain. Thus
d/dt = jw in frequency domain.
10. Calculate the emf of a material having a flux linkage of 2t2 at time t = 1second.
a) 2
b) 4
c) 8
d) 16
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The emf of a material is given by Vemf = -dλ/dt. On substituting λ = 2t2, the
emf is 4t. At t = 1 sec, the emf will be 4 units.
11. Calculate the emf of a material having flux density 5sin t in an area of 0.5 units.
a) 2.5 sin t
b) -2.5 cos t
c) -5 sin t
d) 5 cos t
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The emf can be written as Vemf = -d(∫B.ds)/dt. It can be written as Vemf = -
B= -5sin t, since the integration and differentiation gets cancelled.
12. To find D from B, sequence followed will be

a) B-E-D
b) B-H-D
c) E-H-D
d) E-B-D
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Using Maxwell equation, from B we can calculate E by Curl(E) = -dB /dt.
From E, D can be calculated by D = εE. Thus the sequence is B->E->D.
1. Maxwell second equation is based on which law?

a) Ampere law
b) Faraday law
c) Lenz law
d) Coulomb law
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The second Maxwell equation is based on Ampere law. It states that the
field intensity of a system is same as the current enclosed by it, i.e, Curl(H) = J.
2. The Maxwell second equation that is valid in any conductor is

a) Curl(H) = Jc
b) Curl(E) = Jc
c) Curl(E) = Jd
d) Curl(H) = Jd
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For conductors, the conductivity parameter σ is significant and only the
conduction current density exists. Thus the component J = Jc and Curl(H) = Jc.
3. In dielectric medium, the Maxwell second equation becomes

a) Curl(H) = Jd
b) Curl(H) = Jc
c) Curl(E) = Jd
d) Curl(E) = Jd
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In dielectric medium conductivity σ will be zero. So the current density has
only the displacement current density. Thus the Maxwell equation will be Curl(H) = Jd.
4. Find the displacement current density of a material with flux density of 5sin t
a) 2.5cos t
b) 2.5sin t
c) 5cos t
d) 5sin t
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The displacement current density is the derivative of the flux density. Thus
Jd = dD/dt. Put D = 5sin t in the equation, we get Jd = 5cos t units.
5. Find the conduction current density of a material with conductivity 200units and
electric field 1.5 units.
a) 150
b) 30
c) 400/3
d) 300
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The conduction current density is given by Jc = σE, where σ = 200 and E =
1.5. Thus we get, Jc = 200 x 1.5 = 300 units.
6. Calculate the conduction density of a material with resistivity of 0.02 units and electric
intensity of 12 units.
a) 300
b) 600
c) 50
d) 120
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The conduction density is given by Jc = σE, where σ is the inverse of
resistivity and it is 1/0.02 = 50. Thus we get, Jc = 50 x 12 = 600 units.
7. In the conversion of line integral of H into surface integral, which theorem is used?
a) Green theorem
b) Gauss theorem
c) Stokes theorem
d) It cannot be converted
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To convert line integral to surface integral, i.e, in this case from line integral
of H to surface integral of J, we use the Stokes theorem. Thus the Maxwell second
equation can be written as ∫H.dl = ∫∫J.ds.
8. An implication of the continuity equation of conductors is given by

a) J = σ E
b) J = E/σ
c) J = σ/E
d) J = jwEσ
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The continuity equation indicates the current density in conductors. This is
the product of the conductivity of the conductor and the electric field subjected to it. Thus
J = σE is the implication of the continuity equation for conductors.
9. Find the equation of displacement current density in frequency domain.

a) Jd = jwεE
b) Jd = jwεH
c) Jd = wεE/j
d) Jd = jεE/w
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The displacement current density is Jd = dD/dt. Since D = εE and in
frequency domain d/dt = jw, thus we get Jd = jwεE.
10. The total current density is given as 0.5i + j – 1.5k units. Find the curl of the magnetic
field intensity.
a) 0.5i – 0.5j + 0.5k

b) 0.5i + j -1.5k
c) i – j + k
d) i + j – k
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By Maxwell second equation, the curl of H is same as the sum of
conduction current density and displacement current density. Thus Curl(H) = J = 0.5i + j
– 1.5k units.
11. At dc field, the displacement current density will be

a) 0
b) 1
c) Jc
d) ∞
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The DC field refers to zero frequency. The conduction current is
independent of the frequency, whereas the displacement current density is dependent on
the frequency, i.e, Jd = jwεE. Thus at DC field, the displacement current density will be
zero.
12. Both the conduction and displacement current densities coexist in which medium?
a) Only conductors in air
b) Only dielectrics in air
c) Conductors placed in any dielectric medium
d) Both the densities can never coexist
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Conduction density exists only for good conductors and displacement
density is for dielectrics in any medium at high frequency. Thus both coexist when a
conductor is placed in a dielectric medium.
1. The charge density of a electrostatic field is given by

a) Curl of E
b) Divergence of E
c) Curl of D
d) Divergence of D
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: From the Gauss law for electric field, the volume charge density is the
divergence of the electric flux density of the field. Thus Div(D) = ρv.
2. In the medium of free space, the divergence of the electric flux density will be
a) 1
b) 0
c) -1
d) Infinity
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In free space or air, the charge density will be zero. In other words, the
conduction is possible in mere air medium. By gauss law, since the charge density is
same as the divergence of D, the Div(D) in air/free space will be zero.
3. In a medium other than air, the electric flux density will be

a) Solenoidal
b) Curl free
c) Irrotational
d) Divergent
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In any medium other than the air, the conduction is possible, due to the
charge carriers. Thus charge density is also non-zero. We can write from Gauss law that
Div(D) is non-zero. When the divergence is said to be non-zero, the field is not
solenoidal or called as divergent field.
4. For a solenoidal field, the surface integral of D will be,

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For a solenoidal field, the divergence will be zero. By divergence theorem,
the surface integral of D and the volume integral of Div(D) is same. So as the Div(D) is
zero for a solenoidal field, the surface integral of D is also zero.
5. In a dipole, the Gauss theorem value will be

a) 1
b) 0
c) -1
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Gauss theorem for an electric field is given by Div(D)= ρ. In a dipole
only static charge exists and the divergence will be zero. Thus the Gauss theorem value
for the dipole will be zero.
6. Find the electric flux density of a material whose charge density is given by 12 units in
a volume region of 0.5 units.
a) 12
b) 24
c) 6
d) 48
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: By Gauss law, Div(D) = ρv. To get D, integrate the charge density given.
Thus D = ∫ρv dv, where ρv = 12 and ∫dv = 0.5. We get, D = 12 x 0.5 = 6 units.
7. From the Gauss law for electric field, we can compute which of the following
parameters?
a) B
b) H
c) E
d) A
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: From the Gauss law for electric field, we can find the electric flux density
directly. On substituting, D= ε E, the electric field intensity can be calculated.
8. The charge density of a system with the position vector as electric flux density is
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The divergence of the electric flux density is the charge density. For a
position vector xi + yj + zk, the divergence will be 1 + 1 + 1 = 3. Thus by Gauss law, the
charge density is also 3.
9. The sequence for finding E when charge density is given is

a) E-D-ρv
b) E-B-ρv
c) E-H-ρv
d) E-V-ρv
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: From the given charge density ρv, we can compute the electric flux density
by Gauss law. Since, D = εE, the electric field intensity can also be computed. Thus the
sequence is E-D-ρv.
10. The Gauss law employs which theorem for the calculation of charge density?
a) Green theorem
b) Stokes theorem
c) Gauss theorem
d) Maxwell equation
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The Gauss divergence theorem is given by ∫ D.ds = ∫Div(D).dv. From the
theorem value, we can compute the charge density. Thus Gauss law employs the Gauss
divergence theorem.
1. Which quantity is solenoidal in the electromagnetic theory?

b) Electric flux density
c) Magnetic field intensity
d) Magnetic flux density

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The divergence of the magnetic flux density is zero. This is the Maxwell
fourth equation. As the divergence is zero, the quantity will be solenoidal or divergent
less.
2. Which equation will be true, if the medium is considered to be air?

a) Curl(H) = 0
b) Div(H) = 0
c) Grad(H) = 0
d) Div(H) = 1
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: From the Gauss law for magnetic field, the divergence of the magnetic flux
density is zero. Also B = μH. Thus divergence of H is also zero, i.e, Div(H) = 0 is true.
3. Find the sequence to find B when E is given.

a) E-D-H-B
b) B-E-D
c) H-B-E-D
d) V-E-B
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: From E, D can be computed as D = εE. Using the Ampere law, H can be
computed from D. Finally, B can be calculated from H by B = μH.
4. The Gauss law for magnetic field is valid in

a) Air
b) Conductor
c) Dielectric
d) All cases
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The Gauss law for magnetic field states that the divergence of B is always
zero. This is valid for all cases like free space, dielectric medium etc.
5. The sequence for finding H from E is

a) E-B-H
b) E-V-H
c) E-D-H
d) E-A-H
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: From E, we can compute B using the Maxwell first law. Using B, the
parameter H can be found since B = μH. Thus the sequence is E-B-H is true.
6. The reason for non existence of magnetic monopoles is

a) The magnetic field cannot be split
b) Due to permeability
c) Due to magnetization
d) Due to magnetostriction
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Practically monopoles do not exist, due to the connection between north and
south poles. But theoretically, they exist. The reason for their non- existence practically is
that, the magnetic field confined to two poles cannot be split or confined to a single pole.
7. The non existence of the magnetic monopole is due to which operation?

a) Gradient
b) Divergence
c) Curl
d) Laplacian
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Maxwell fourth law or the Gauss law for magnetic field states that the
divergence of B is zero, implies the non existence of magnetic monopoles. Thus the
operation involved is divergence.
8. Will dielectric breakdown lead to formation of magnetic monopole?

a) Yes
b) No
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When dielectric breakdown occurs, the material loses its dielectric property
and becomes a conductor. When it is subjected to a magnetic field, north and south flux
lines coexists, giving magnetic force. Thus there exists magnetic dipole. Suppose if the
conductor is broken into very small pieces, still there exist a magnetic dipole in every
broken part. In other words, when a piece is broken into half, there cannot exist a north
pole in one half and a south pole in the other. Thus monopoles never exist.
9. Which equation will hold good for a magnetic material?

a) Line integral of H is zero
b) Surface integral of H is zero
c) Line integral of B is zero
d) Surface integral of B is zero
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: We know that the divergence of B is zero. From Stokes theorem, the surface
integral of B is equal to the volume integral of divergence of B. Thus surface integral of

B is also zero.
10. The dipole formation in a magnet is due to

a) Interaction between the north and south poles together
b) Interaction between the north pole with the air
c) Interaction between the south pole with the air
d) Interaction of north and south pole separately with air
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In any magnetic material or magnet, the dipoles exist. This is due to the
magnetic lines of force joining the north to south poles. The interaction between these
two poles together leads to dipole formation.
“Maxwell Law in Time Static Fields”.
1. Calculate the emf in a material with flux linkage of 3.5t2 at 2 seconds.

a) 3.5
b) -7
c) -14
d) 28
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The emf induced in a material with flux linkage is given by Vemf = -dλ/dt.
On substituting λ= 3.5t2, we get emf = -7t. At time t = 2sec, the emf will be -14 units.
2. Find the emf induced in a coil of 60 turns with a flux rate of 3 units.
a) -60
b) -180
c) 60
d) 180
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The emf induced is the product of the turns and the flux rate. Thus Vemf = -
Ndφ/dt. On substituting N = 60 and dφ/dt = 3, we get emf as -60 x 3 = -180 units.
3. Find the electric field intensity of a charge 2.5C with a force of 3N.
a) -7.5
b) 7.5
c) 2.5/3
d) 3/2.5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The electric field intensity is the electric force per unit charge. It is given by
E = F/q. On substituting F = 2.5 and q = 3, we get E = 3/2.5 units.
4. The electric field intensity of a field with velocity 10m/s and flux density of 2.8 units is
a) 0.28
b) 28
c) 280
d) 10/2.8
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The electric field is the product of the velocity and the magnetic flux density
given by E = v x B. On substituting v = 10 and B = 2.8, we get E = 10 x 2.8 = 28 units.
5. The line integral of the electric field intensity is

a) Mmf
b) Emf
c) Electric potential
d) Magnetic potential
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: From the Maxwell first law, the transformer emf is given by the line integral
of the electric field intensity. Thus the emf is given by ∫ E.dl.
6. Which of the following relations is correct?

a) MMF = ∫ B.dl
b) MMF = ∫ H.dl
c) EMF = ∫ E.dl
d) EMF = ∫ D.dl
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The emf induced in a material is given by the line integral of the electric
field intensity. Thus EMF = ∫ E.dl is the correct relation.
7. For static fields, the curl of E will be

a) Rotational
b) Irrotational
c) Solenoidal
d) Divergent
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For static fields, the charges will be constant and the field is constant. Thus
curl of the electric field intensity will be zero. This implies the field is irrotational.
8. The line integral of which parameter is zero for static fields?

a) E
b) H
c) D
d) B
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The field is irrotational for static fields. Thus curl of E is zero. From Stokes
theorem, the line integral of E is same as the surface integral of the curl of E. Since it is
zero, the line integral of E will also be zero.
9. The magnitude of the conduction current density for a magnetic field intensity of a
vector yi + zj + xk will be
a) 1.414
b) 1.732
c) -1.414
d) -1.732
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: From the Ampere circuital law, the curl of H is the conduction current
density. The curl of H = yi + zj + xk is –i – j – k. Thus conduction current density is –i – j
– k. The magnitude will be √(1 + 1 + 1) = √3 = 1.732 units.
10. The charge density of a field with a position vector as electric flux density is given by
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The Gauss law for electric field states that the divergence of the electric flux
density is the charge density. Thus Div(D) = ρ. For D as a position vector, the divergence
of the position vector D will be always 3. Thus the charge density is also 3.
“Maxwell Law in Time Varying Fields”.
1. Find the curl of E when B is given as 15t.

a) 15
b) -15
c) 7.5
d) -7.5
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: From Maxwell first law, we get Curl of E as the negative derivative of B with respect to
time. Thus Curl(E) = -dB/dt. On substituting B= 15t and differentiating, Curl(E) = -15 units.
2. The charge build up in a capacitor is due to

a) Conduction current density
b) Displacement current density
c) Polarisation
d) Magnetization
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The capacitor consists of a dielectric placed between two conducting plates, subjected
to a field. The current due to a dielectric is always due to the displacement current density.
3. The surface integral of which parameter is zero?

a) E
b) D
c) B
d) H
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The divergence of the magnetic flux density is always zero. By Stokes theorem, the
surface integral of B is same as the volume integral of the divergence of B. Thus the surface integral
of B is also zero.
4. Harmonic electromagnetic fields refer to fields varying sinusoidally with respect to time. State
True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Fields that varying sinusoidally with respect to time are called as harmonic fields. An
example for harmonic fields is A sin wt.
5. When electric potential is null, then the electric field intensity will be
a) 0
b) 1
c) dA/dt
d) –dA/dt
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The electric field intensity is given by E = -Grad(V)- dA/dt, where V is the electric
potential and A is the magnetic vector potential. When V is zero, then E = -dA/dt.
6. The gradient of the magnetic vector potential can be expressed as

a) –με dV/dt
b) +με dE/dt
c) –με dA/dt
d) +με dB/dt
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The gradient of A is the ratio of the negative gradient of electric potential to the speed
of light c. We can write c = 1/√(με). Thus grad(A) = -με dV/dt is the required expression.
7. Find the time constant of a capacitor with capacitance of 2 microfarad having an internal resistance
of 4 megaohm.
a) 2
b) 0.5
c) 8
d) 0.25
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The time constant of capacitor is given by T = RC, where R = 4×10 6 and C = 2×10-6.
Thus T = 4×106 x2x10-6 = 8 seconds.
8. Which components exist in an electromagnetic wave?

a) Only E
b) Only H
c) Both E and H
d) Neither E or H
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In an electromagnetic wave, the electric and magnetic components coexist. They
propagate perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation in space.
9. The propagation of the electromagnetic waves can be illustrated by

a) Faraday law
b) Ampere law
c) Flemming rule
d) Coulomb law
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: By Flemming’s rule, when the thumb and the middle finger represent the inputs (say
current and field respectively), then the fore finger represents the output (force, in this case). The EM
propagation can be illustrated by this rule.
10. Which one of the following laws will not contribute to the Maxwell’s equations?
a) Gauss law
b) Faraday law
c) Ampere law
d) Curie Weiss law
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The Gauss law, Faraday law and the Ampere law are directly used to find the
parameters E, H, D, B. Thus it contributes to the Maxwell equations. The Curie Weiss law pertains to
the property of any magnetic material. Thus it is not related to the Maxwell equation.
“Loss Tangent”.
1. The loss tangent refers to the

a) Power due to propagation in conductor to that in dielectric
b) Power loss
c) Current loss
d) Charge loss
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The loss tangent is the tangent angle formed by the plot of conduction
current density vs displacement current density. It is the ratio of Jc by Jd. It represents the
loss of power due to propagation in a dielectric, when compared to that in a conductor.
2. Calculate the conduction current density when the resistivity of a material with an
electric field of 5 units is 4.5 units.
a) 22.5
b) 4.5/5
c) 5/4.5
d) 9.5
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The conduction current density is the product of the conductivity and the
electric field. The resistivity is the reciprocal of the conductivity. Thus the required
formula is Jc = σ E = E/ρ = 5/4.5 units.
3. At high frequencies, which parameter is significant?

c) Attenuation constant
d) Phase constant
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The conduction current occurs in metals and is independent of the
frequency. The attenuation and phase constant highly depend on the varying frequency.
The displacement current occurs due to dielectrics and is significant only at very high
frequencies.
4. Find the loss tangent of a material with conduction current density of 5 units and
displacement current density of 10 units.
a) 2
b) 0.5
c) 5
d) 10
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The loss tangent is the ratio of Jc by Jd. On substituting for Jc = 5 and Jd =
10, the loss tangent, tan δ = 5/10 = 0.5. It is to be noted that it is tangent angle, so that the
maxima and minima lies between 1 and -1 respectively.
5. The loss tangent is also referred to as

a) Attenuation
b) Propagation
c) Dissipation factor
d) Polarization
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The loss tangent is the measure of the loss of power due to propagation in a
dielectric, when compared to that in a conductor. Hence it is also referred to as
dissipation factor.
6. The loss tangent of a wave propagation with an intrinsic angle of 20 degree is

a) Tan 20
b) Tan 40
c) Tan 60
d) Tan 80
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The angle of the loss tangent δ is twice the intrinsic angle θn. Thus tan δ =
tan 2θn = tan 2(20) = tan 40.
7. The expression for the loss tangent is given by

a) σ/ωε
b) ωε/σ
c) σ/ω
d) ω/ε
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The conduction current density is Jc = σ E and the displacement current
density is Jd = jωεE. Its magnitude will be ωεE. Thus the loss tangent tan δ = Jc /Jd =
σ/ωε is the required expression.
8. Find the loss angle in degrees when the loss tangent is 1.

a) 0
b) 30
c) 45
d) 90
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The loss tangent is tan δ, where δ is the loss angle. Given that loss tangent
tan δ = 1. Thus we get δ = tan-1(1) = 450.
9. The complex permittivity is given by 2-j. Find the loss tangent.

a) 1/2
b) -1/2
c) 2
d) -2
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The loss tangent for a given complex permittivity of ε = ε’ – jε’’ is given by
tan δ = ε’’/ ε’. Thus the loss tangent is 1/2.
10. The intrinsic angle of the wave with a loss angle of 60 is

a) 120
b) 60
c) 90
d) 30
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The angle of the loss tangent δ is twice the intrinsic angle θn. Thus tan δ =
tan 2θn. We get θn = δ/2 = 60/2 = 30 degrees.
“Lossy and Lossless Dielectrics”.
1. For a dielectric, the condition to be satisfied is

a) σ/ωε > 1
b) σ/ωε < 1
c) σ = ωε
d) ωε = 1
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In a dielectric, the conductivity will be very less. Thus the loss tangent will
be less than unity. This implies σ/ωε < 1 is true.
2. For a perfect dielectric, which parameter will be zero?

a) Conductivity
b) Frequency
c) Permittivity
d) Permeability
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The conductivity will be minimum for a dielectric. For a perfect dielectric,
the conductivity will be zero.
3. Calculate the phase constant of a wave with frequency 12 rad/s and velocity
3×108 m/s(in 10-8 order)
a) 0.5
b) 72
c) 4
d) 36
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The phase constant is given by β = ω√(με), where ω is the frequency in
rad/s and 1/√(με) is the velocity of wave. On substituting √(με) = 3×108 and ω = 12, we
get β = 12/(3×108) = 4 x 10-8m/s.
4. For a lossless dielectric, the attenuation will be

a) 1
b) 0
c) -1
d) Infinity
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The attenuation is the loss of power of the wave during its propagation. In a
lossless dielectric, the loss of power will not occur. Thus the attenuation will be zero.
5. Calculate the velocity of a wave with frequency 2 x109 rad/s and phase constant of 4 x
108 units.
a) 0.5
b) 5
c) 0.2
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The velocity of a wave is the ratio of the frequency to the phase constant.
Thus V = ω/β. On substituting the given values, we get V = 2 x109/ 4 x 108 = 5 units.
6. Which of the following is the correct relation between wavelength and the phase
constant of a wave?
a) Phase constant = 2π/wavelength
b) Phase constant = 2π x wavelength
c) Phase constant = 1/(2π x wavelength)
d) Phase constant = wavelength/2π
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The phase constant is the ratio of 2π to the wavelength λ. Thus β = 2π/λ is
the correct relation.
7. In lossy dielectric, the phase difference between the electric field E and the magnetic
field H is
a) 90
b) 60
c) 45
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In a lossy dielectric, the E and H component will be in phase. This implies
that the phase difference between E and H will be 0.
8. The intrinsic impedance is the ratio of square root of

a) Permittivity to permeability
b) Permeability to permittivity
c) Phase constant to wavelength
d) Wavelength to phase constant
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The intrinsic impedance is the impedance of a particular material. It is the
ratio of square root of the permeability to permittivity. For air, the intrinsic impedance is
377 ohm or 120π.
9. Calculate the skin depth of a material with attenuation constant of 2 units.

a) 2
b) 1
c) 0.5
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The skin depth of a material is the reciprocal of the attenuation constant.
Thus δ = 1/α. On substituting for α = 2, we get δ = ½ = 0.5 units.
10. Calculate the phase constant of a wave with skin depth of 2.5 units.
a) 5/2
b) 5
c) 2
d) 2/5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The skin depth is the reciprocal of the phase constant and the attenuation
constant too. Thus δ = 1/β. On substituting for δ = 2.5, we get β = 1/δ = 1/2.5 = 2/5 units.
11. An example for lossless propagation is

a) Dielectric waveguide propagation
b) Conductor propagation
c) Cavity resonator propagation
d) It is not possible
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: There are many techniques employed to achieve zero attenuation or
maximum propagation. But it is not achievable practically. Thus lossless propagation is
not possible practically.
12. Skin depth phenomenon is found in which materials?

a) Insulators
b) Dielectrics
c) Conductors
d) Semiconductors
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Skin depth is found in pure conductors. It the property of the conductor to
allow a small amount of electromagnetic energy into its skin, but not completely. This is
the reason why EM waves cannot travel inside a good conductor.
“Dielectric and Conductor Wave Propagation”.
1. In conductors, which condition will be true?

a) σ/ωε > 1
b) σωε > 1
c) σ/ωε < 1
d) σωε < 1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For conductors, the conductivity will be maximum. Thus the loss tangent is
greater than unity. This is given by σ/ωε >1.
2. For metals, the conductivity will be

a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) Infinity
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Metals are pure conductors. Examples are iron, copper etc. Their
conductivity will be very high. Thus the metal conductivity will be infinity. Practically
the conductivity of conductors will be maximum.
3. In conductors, which two parameters are same?

a) Wavelength and phase constant
b) Phase and attenuation constant
c) Attenuation constant and skin depth
d) Skin depth and wavelength
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In conductors, which are considered to be lossy, the attenuation and the
phase constant are the same. It is given by α=β= √(ωμσ/2).
4. Calculate the velocity of wave propagation in a conductor with frequency 5 x 108 rad/s
and phase constant of 3 x 108 units.
a) 3/5
b) 15
c) 5/3
d) 8
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The velocity of wave propagation is the ratio of the frequency to the phase
constant. It is given by V = ω/β. On substituting the given values, we get V = 5/3 units.
5. Calculate the wavelength of the wave with phase constant of 3.14 units.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 0.5
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The wavelength is the ratio of 2π to the phase constant β. On substituting
for β = 3.14, we get λ = 2π/β = 2π/3.14 = 2 units.
6. For dielectrics, which two components will be in phase?

a) E and wave direction
b) H and wave direction
c) Wave direction and E x H
d) E and H
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In dielectrics, the electric and magnetic components E and H will be in
phase with each other. This is due the variation in the permittivities and the
permeabilities of the dielectric surfaces. The phase difference between E and H will be 0.
7. In perfect conductors, the phase shift between the electric field and magnetic field will
be
a) 0
b) 30
c) 45
d) 90
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For perfect conductors, the electric and magnetic field E and H respectively
vary by a phase of 45 degree. This is due to the polarisation phenomenon in the
conductors, unlike dielectrics.
8. The expression for phase constant is given by

a) Phase constant β = ωμε
b) Phase constant ω = με
c) Phase constant β = ω√(με)
d) Phase constant β = 1/ωμε
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The phase constant is represented as β. It is a complex quantity representing
the constant angle of the wave propagated. It is given by β = ω√(με).
9. In waveguides, which of the following conditions will be true?

a) V > c
b) V < c
c) V = c
d) V >> c
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In waveguides, the phase velocity will always be greater than the speed of
light. This enables the wave to propagate through the waveguide. Thus V > c is the
required condition.
10. The attenuation constant in lossless dielectrics will be

a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) ∞
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In lossless dielectrics, the attenuation constant will not be same as the phase
constant, unlike conductors. Also, due to the lossless behaviour, the attenuation will be
nearly zero. Practically, zero attenuation is not possible.
focuses on “Plane Waves in Free Space”.
1. In free space, the charge carriers will be

a) 0
b) 1
c) 100
d) Infinity
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Free space is not a conductor. Thus the charge carrier in free space is
assumed to be zero. But the free space consists of particles or ions that get ionized during
conduction.
2. In free space, which parameter will be unity?

a) Permittivity
b) Absolute permittivity
c) Relative permittivity
d) Permeability
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The relative permittivity is a constant for a particular material. It is unity for
free space or air. The absolute permittivity is a constant given by 8.854 x 10-12 C/m2.
3. Which parameter is unity in air medium?

a) Permittivity
b) Absolute permeability
c) Relative permeability
d) Permeability
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In free space or air medium, the relative permeability is also unity, like
relative permittivity. The absolute permeability is given by 4π x 10-7 units.
4. The conductivity in free space medium is

a) Infinity
b) Unity
c) Zero
d) Negative
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: As the charge carriers are not available in free space, the conductivity will
be very low. For ideal cases, the conductivity can be taken as zero.
5. Zero permeability/permittivity implies which state?

a) No ions are allowed in the medium
b) No current is generated in the medium
c) No magnetic or electric energy is permitted in the medium
d) No resistivity
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The zero permittivity in an electric field refers to the ability of the
field/medium to permit electric charges in it. Similarly, zero permeability in a magnetic
field refers to the ability of the field/medium to permit the magnetic energy into the field.
6. The intrinsic impedance of free space is

a) 489
b) 265
c) 192
d) 377
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The intrinsic impedance is the square root of ratio of the permeability to the
permittivity. In free space, the permeability and the permittivity is same as the absolute
permeability and permittivity respectively. This is due to unity permeability and
permittivity in free space. Thus η = √(μ/ε), where absolute permeability is given by 4π x
10-7 and absolute permittivity is given by 8.854 x 10-12. The intrinsic impedance will be
377 ohms.
7. In free space, the condition that holds good is

a) Minimum attenuation and propagation
b) Minimum attenuation and maximum propagation
c) Maximum attenuation and minimum propagation
d) Maximum attenuation and propagation
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The free space does not have any barrier for attenuation. Thus it enables
minimum attenuation and maximum propagation. This technique is employed in line of
sight communication.
8. In free space, the ratio of frequency to the velocity of light gives the phase constant.
State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The phase constant is given by the ratio of the frequency in radian/sec to the
velocity of the wave propagating. In free space, the velocity is considered to be the
velocity of light. Thus the statement is true.
9. The velocity of a wave travelling in the air medium without transmission lines or
waveguides(wireless) is
a) 6 x 108
b) 3 x 108
c) 1.5 x 108
d) 9 x 108
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In free space or air medium, the velocity of the wave propagating will be
same as that of the light. Thus the velocity is the speed of light, V = c. It is given by 3 x
108m/s.
10. The vectors of the electromagnetic wave propagation can be expressed in

a) Dot product
b) Cross product
c) Unit vector
d) Perpendicular vector
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In an EM wave, the electric and the magnetic fields will be perpendicular to
each other and with the direction of the propagation. Thus it can be expressed in cross
product where iE x iH = iw. Here iE is the electric vector component, iH is the magnetic
vector component and iw is the vector of the wave propagating.
“Planes Waves in Good Conductor”.
1. For conductors, the loss tangent will be

a) Zero
b) Unity
c) Maximum
d) Minimum
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In conductors, the conductivity will be more. Thus the loss tangent σ/ωε
will be maximum.
2. In metals, the total permittivity is

a) Absolute permittivity
b) Relative permittivity
c) Product of absolute and relative permittivity
d) Unity
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The total permittivity is the product of the absolute and the relative
permittivity. For metals or conductors, the relative permittivity is unity. Thus the
permittivity is simply the absolute permittivity.
3. The total permeability in a conductor is

a) Absolute permeability
b) Relative permeability
c) Product of absolute and relative permeability
d) Unity
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The total permeability is the product of the absolute and the relative
permeability. For metals or conductors, the relative permittivity is not unity. Thus the
permittivity is the product of absolute and relative permeability.
4. Calculate the phase constant of a conductor with attenuation constant given by 0.04
units.
a) 0.02
b) 0.08
c) 0.0016
d) 0.04
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The phase constant and the attenuation constant are both the same in the
case of conductors. Given that the attenuation constant is 0.04, implies that the phase
constant is also 0.04.
5. Calculate the attenuation constant of a conductor of conductivity 200 units, frequency

1M radian/s in air.
a) 11.2
b) 1.12
c) 56.23
d) 5.62
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The attenuation constant of a conductor is given by α = √(ωμσ/2). On
substituting ω = 106, σ = 200 and μ = 4π x 10-7, we get α = 11.2 units.
6. The skin depth of a conductor with attenuation constant of 7 neper/m is

a) 14
b) 49
c) 7
d) 1/7
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The skin depth is the measure of the depth upto which an EM wave can
penetrate through the conductor surface. It is the reciprocal of the attenuation constant.
On substituting for α = 7, we get δ = 1/α = 1/7 units.
7. The expression for velocity of a wave in the conductor is

a) V = √(2ω/μσ)
b) V = √(2ωμσ)
c) V = (2ω/μσ)
d) V = (2ωμσ)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The velocity is the ratio of the frequency to the phase constant. In
conductors, the phase constant is given by √(ωμσ/2). On substituting for β,ω in v, we get
v = √(2ω/μσ) units.
8. In conductors, the E and H vary by a phase difference of

a) 0
b) 30
c) 45
d) 60
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The electric and magnetic component, E and H respectively have a phase
difference of 45 degrees. This is due to the wave propagation in conductors in the air
medium.
9. EM waves do not travel inside metals. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The conductors or metals do not support EM wave propagation onto them
due the skin effect. This is the reason why mobile phones cannot be used inside lifts.
10. The propagation constant of the wave in a conductor with air as medium is
a) √(ωμσ)
b) ωμσ
c) √(ω/μσ)
d) ω/μσ
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The propagation constant is the sum of the attenuation constant and the
phase constant. In conductors, the attenuation and phase constant both are same and it is
given by √(ωμσ/2). Their sum will be √(ωμσ), is the propagation constant.
11. An example for electromagnetic wave propagation is

a) refrigerator
b) electric fan
c) mobile transponder
d) relays in actuators
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The refrigerator, electric fan and relays are electrical devices. They do not
use electromagnetic energy as medium of energy transfer. The mobile transponder is an
antenna, which uses the EM waves for communication with the satellites.
12. The phase shift in the electric and magnetic fields in an EM wave is given by which
parameter?
a) phase constant
b) attenuation constant
c) propagation constant
d) intrinsic impedance
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The intrinsic impedance in a conductor is given by η = √(ωμ/2σ) x (1+j).
The phase shift is represented by the 1+j term. In polar form it indicates 45 degree phase
shift.
“Plane Waves in Dielectrics”.
1. The loss tangent of a perfect dielectric will be

a) Zero
b) Unity
c) Maximum
d) Minimum
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Dielectrics have poor conductivity. The loss tangent σ/ωε will be low in
dielectrics. For perfect dielectrics, the loss tangent will be minimum.
2. In pure dielectrics, the parameter that is zero is

a) Attenuation
b) Propagation
c) Conductivity
d) Resistivity
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: There are no free charge carriers available in a dielectric. In other words, the
charge carriers are present in the valence band, which is very difficult to start to conduct.
Thus conduction is low in dielectrics. For pure dielectrics, the conductivity is assumed to
be zero.
3. The total permittivity of a dielectric transformer oil (relative permittivity is 2.2) will be
(in order 10-11)
a) 1.94
b) 19.4
c) 0.194
d) 194
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The total permittivity is the product of the absolute and the relative
permittivity. The absolute permittivity is 8.854 x 10-12 and the relative permittivity(in this
case for transformer oil) is 2.2. Thus the total permittivity is 8.854 x 10-12 x 2.2 = 1.94 x
10-11 units.
4. The permeability of a dielectric material in air medium will be

a) Absolute permeability
b) Relative permeability
c) Product of absolute and relative permeability
d) Unity
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The total permeability is the product of the absolute and the relative
permeability. In air medium, the relative permeability will be unity. Thus the total
permeability is equal to the absolute permeability given by 4π x 10-7 units.
5. The attenuation in a good dielectric will be non- zero. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Good dielectrics attenuate the electromagnetic waves than any other
material. Thus the attenuation constant of the dielectric will be non-zero, positive and
large.
6. Calculate the phase constant of a dielectric with frequency 6 x 106 in air.

a) 2
b) 0.2
c) 0.02
d) 0.002
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The phase constant of a dielectric is given by β = ω√(με). On substituting
for ω = 6 x 106 , μ = 4π x 10-7, ε = 8.854 x 10-12 in air medium, we get the phase constant
as 0.02 units.
7. The frequency in rad/sec of a wave with velocity of that of light and phase constant of
20 units is (in GHz)
a) 6
b) 60
c) 600
d) 0.6
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The velocity of a wave is given by V = ω/β. To get ω, put v = 3 x 108 and β
= 20. Thus ω = vβ = 3 x 108 x 20 = 60 x 108 = 6 GHz.
8. The relation between the speed of light, permeability and permittivity is

a) C = 1/√(με)
b) C = με
c) C = μ/ε
d) C = 1/με
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The standard relation between speed of light, permeability and permittivity
is given by c = 1/√(με). The value in air medium is 3 x 108 m/s.
9. The phase constant of a wave with wavelength 2 units is

a) 6.28
b) 3.14
c) 0.5
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The phase constant is given by β = 2π/λ. On substituting λ = 2 units, we get
β = 2π/2 = π = 3.14 units.
10.The expression for intrinsic impedance is given by

a) √(με)
b) (με)
c) √(μ/ε)
d) (μ/ε)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The intrinsic impedance is given by the ratio of square root of the
permittivity to the permeability. Thus η = √(μ/ε) is the intrinsic impedance. In free space
or air medium, the intrinsic impedance will be 120π or 377 ohms.
11.The electric and magnetic field components in the electromagnetic wave propagation
are in phase. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In dielectrics, the electric and magnetic fields will be in phase or the phase
difference between them is zero. This is due to the large attenuation which leads to
increase in phase shift.
12. The skin depth of a wave with phase constant of 12 units inside a conductor is
a) 12
b) 1/12
c) 24
d) 1/24
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The skin depth is the reciprocal of the phase constant. On substituting for β
= 12, we get δ = 1/β = 1/12 units.
“Power and Poynting Vector”.
1. The total power of a wave with average power 15 units in a surface density of 0.5 units
is
a) 15
b) 30
c) 7.5
d) 0.75
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The total power is given by the surface integral of the average power. Thus
∫Pavg ds is the total power. On substituting for Pavg = 15 and ∫ds = 0.5, we get total
power as 7.5 units.
2. The power of a wave with electric field intensity of 3 units in air is

a) 0.01
b) 0.03
c) 0.05
d) 0.07
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Poynting vector gives the power of a wave. It is given as P = E2/2η. On
substituting for E = 3 and η = 377 in air, the power is P = 32/(2×377) = 0.01 units.
3. Find the power of an EM wave, given that the cross product of the E and H component
is 2 + 3j.
a) 2
b) 1
c) 4
d) 8
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Poynting power vector for complex quantity of E x H is P = 0.5 x Re(E
x H). In the given data, Re(E x H) = 2, thus we get P = 0.5 x 2 = 1 unit.
4. The power in a electromagnetic wave with electric field and magnetic field intensities
12 and 8 respectively is
a) 96
b) 12
c) 8
d) 48
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The Poynting vector is given by P = 0.5 EH. Given that E = 12 and H = 8,
we get P = 0.5 x 12 x 8 = 48 units.
5. The power in a wave given that H component is 0.82 units in air.

a) 126.74
b) 621.47
c) 216.47
d) 745.62
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The power of a wave is given by P = ηH2/2. In air medium, η = 377 and
given that H = 0.82. We get power P = 377 x 0.822/2 = 126.74 units.
6. Find the power of a wave given that the RMS value of E and H are 6 and 4.5
respectively.
a) 24
b) 27
c) 29
d) 32
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The power is the product of the RMS electric field and the RMS magnetic
field. Thus P = Erms X Hrms. On substituting Erms = 6 and Hrms = 4.5, the power is P =
6 x 4.5 = 27 units.
7. The electric and magnetic fields vary with time in which of the following fields?
a) DC
b) AC
c) Static
d) It does not vary with time
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The electric and magnetic fields vary with time in oscillating fields. It is
certain that such fields are AC fields.
8. The power per unit velocity of a wave with electric field as 8 units and density 10 units
is
a) 40
b) 20
c) 80
d) 160
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The power per unit velocity P/v is given by the product of electric field and
the density. Thus P/v = E.d = 8 x 10 = 80 units.
9. The power of a wave in a cylindrical waveguide of radius 2m with electric field 12

units is
a) 2.39
b) 3.92
c) 9.23
d) 9.32
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The power of a wave is given by ∫P ds, where P = E2/2η and ∫ds = πr2. On
substituting for E = 12, η = 377 in air and r = 2, we get P = 2.39 units.
10. The work done in the power transmission with E and H given by 50 and 65
respectively. The velocity of propagation is 20m/s.
a) 162.5
b) 621.5
c) 562.1
d) 261.5
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The work done is given by W = EH/v, where E = 50, H = 65 and v = 20. On
substituting, we get W = 50 x 65/20 = 162.5 units.
11. The Poynting vector is the power component that is calculated by the
a) Product of E and H
b) Ratio of E and H
c) Dot product of E and H
d) Cross product of E and H
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The Poynting vector P is the cross product of the electric field E and the
magnetic field H. It is given by P = E X H. It is used to calculate the power in wave
propagation in transmission lines, waveguides and antenna.
12. The maximum power transceived by the antenna is in the region of

a) Aperture
b) Effective aperture
c) Maxima lobe
d) Minima lobe
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: An antenna is a device that transmits and receives power. The transmitting
and receiving is in the region called aperture. Maximum or efficient power transmission
occurs in the region called effective aperture.
“Refractive Index and Numerical Aperture”.
1. The expression for refractive index is given by

a) N = v/c
b) N = c/v
c) N = cv
d) N = 1/cv
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The refractive index is defined as the ratio of the velocity of light in a
vacuum to its velocity in a specified medium. It is given by n = c/v. It is constant for a
particular material.
2. Numerical aperture is expressed as the

a) NA = sin θa
b) NA = cos θa
c) NA = tan θa
d) NA = sec θa
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The numerical aperture is the measure of how much light the fiber can
collect. It is the sine of the acceptance angle, the angle at which the light must be
transmitted in order to get maximum reflection. Thus it is given by NA = sin θa.
3. For total internal reflection to occur, which condition must be satisfied?

a) N1 = N2
b) N1 > N2
c) N1 < N2
d) N1 x N2=1
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The refractive of the transmitting medium should be greater than that of the
receiving medium. In other words, the light must flow from denser to rarer medium, for
total internal reflection to occur.
4. Find the refractive index of a medium having a velocity of 1.5 x 108.

a) 0.5
b) 5
c) 0.2
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The refractive index is given by the ratio of the speed of light to the velocity
in a particular medium. It is given by n = c/v. On substituting for v = 1.5 x 108 and c = 3 x
108, we get n = 3/1.5 = 2. The quantity has no unit.
5. The refractive index of water will be

a) 1
b) 2.66
c) 5
d) 1.33
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The velocity of light in water as medium will be 2.25 x 108. On substituting
for the speed of light, we get refractive index as n = 3/2.25 = 1.33(no unit).
6. The refractive index of air is unity. State True/False.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The velocity of light in the air medium and the speed of light are both the
same. Since light travels at maximum velocity in air only. Thus the refractive index n =
c/v will be unity.
7. The numerical aperture of a coaxial cable with core and cladding indices given by 2.33
and 1.4 respectively is
a) 3.73
b) 0.83
c) 3.46
d) 1.86
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The numerical aperture is given by NA = √(n12 – n22), where n1 and n2 are
the refractive indices of core and cladding respectively. On substituting for n1 = 2.33 and
n2 = 1.4, we get NA = √(2.332-1.42) = 1.86.
8. Find the acceptance angle of a material which has a numerical aperture of 0.707 in air.
a) 30
b) 60
c) 45
d) 90
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The numerical aperture is given by NA = n sin θa, where n is the refractive
index. It is unity in air. Thus NA = sin θa. To get θ= sin-1(NA), put NA = 0.707, thus θa =
sin-1(0.707) = 45 degree.
9. The numerical aperture of a material with acceptance angle of 60 degree in water will
be
a) 1.15
b) 2.15
c) 5.21
d) 1.52
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The numerical aperture is given by NA = n sin θa, where n is the refractive
index. It is 1.33 for water medium. Given that the acceptance angle is 60, we get NA =
1.33 sin 60 = 1.15.
10. The core refractive index should be lesser than the cladding refractive index for a
coaxial cable. State True/False
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The light should pass through the core region only, for effective
transmission. When light passes through cladding, losses will occur, as cladding is meant
for protection. Thus core refractive index must be greater than the cladding refractive
index.
11. The refractive index is 2.33 and the critical angle is 350. Find the numerical aperture.
a) 2
b) 1.9
c) 2.33
d) 12
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The numerical aperture is given by NA = n cos θc, where θc is the critical
angle and n is the refractive index. On substituting for n = 2.33 and θc = 35, we get NA =
2.33 cos 35 = 1.9(no unit).
12. Choose the optical fibre material from the given materials.
a) Glass
b) Plastic
c) Silica
d) Quartz
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Silica is the most dominant optical fibre material. This is because of its
hardness, flexibility, melting point. Also it is an easily available material.
“Brewster Angle”.
1. Brewster angle is valid for which type of polarisation?

a) Perpendicular
b) Parallel
c) S polarised
d) P polarised
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The parallel polarisation of the electromagnetic waves is possible only when
the transmission occurs at the Brewster angle.
2. The Brewster angle is expressed as

a) Tan-1(n)
b) Tan-1(n1/n2)
c) Tan-1(n2/n1)
d) Tan (n)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The tangent of the Brewster angle is the ratio of the refractive indices of the
second medium to that of the first medium. It is given by tan θb= n2/n1. Thus the
Brewster angle will be θb = tan-1(n2/n1).
3. The refractive index of a material with permittivity 16 is given by

a) 16
b) 256
c) 4
d) 8
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The refractive index is the square root of the permittivity. Thus n = √ε.
Given that ε = 16, we get refractive index as n = 4. It has no unit.
4. The reflection coefficient in the wave propagation when it is transmitted with the
Brewster angle is
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) Infinity
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Brewster angle propagation refers to complete transmission. The wave
transmitted at the Brewster angle will be completely transmitted without reflection. Thus
the reflection coefficient will be zero.
5. The transmission coefficient of a wave propagating in the Brewster angle is

a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) Infinity
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The transmission coefficient is the reverse of the reflection coefficient. At
Brewster angle, the reflection will be zero. Thus the transmission is T = 1-R. Since R = 0,
T = 1. It is to be noted that T and R lies in the range of 0 to 1.
6. A circularly polarised wave transmitted at the Brewster angle will be received as

linearly polarised wave. State True/False
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Brewster angle is said to be the polarisation angle. When a circularly
polarised wave is incident at the Brewster angle, the resultant wave will be linearly
polarised.
7. An elliptically polarised wave transmitted at the Brewster angle will be received as an

elliptically polarised wave. State True/False
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Any polarised wave transmitted at the Brewster angle will be linearly
polarised. It can be a parallel, perpendicular, circular or elliptical polarisation. The
resultant wave is always linearly polarised. This is the reason why the Brewster angle is
called polarisation angle.
8. Find the Brewster angle of a wave transmitted from a medium of permittivity 4 to a

medium of permittivity 2.
a) 35.26
b) 53.62
c) 26.35
d) 62.53
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Brewster angle is given by θb = tan-1(n2/n1), where n = √ε. Thus we can
express the formula in terms of permittivity as θb = tan-1√ (ε 2/ε 1). Here ε1 = 4 and ε2 =
2. Thus we get θb = tan-1√ (2/4) =
tan-1(0.707) = 35.26 degree.
9. Find the ratio of refractive index of medium 2 to that of medium 1, when the Brewster
angle is 60 degree.
a) 0.707
b) 1.5
c) 0.866
d) 1.732
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The tangent of the Brewster angle is the ratio of the medium 2 permittivity
to the medium 1 permittivity. Thus tan θb = (n2/n1). Given that θb = 60 degree, the ratio
n2/n1 will be tan 60 = 1.732.
10. The Brewster angle is the angle of

a) Incidence
b) Reflection
c) Refraction
d) Transmission
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Brewster angle is the angle of incidence at which complete
transmission of the electromagnetic wave occurs.
“Snell Law and Critical Angle”.
1. The Snell’s law can be derived from which type of incidence?

a) Incidence angle
b) Reflected angle
c) Refracted angle
d) Oblique incidence
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The oblique incidence refers to the interface between dielectric media. Consider a
planar interface between two dielectric media. A plane wave is incident at an angle from medium
1 and reflected from medium 2. The interface plane defines the boundary between the media.
This is the oblique medium.
2. The Snell’s law is given by

a) N1 sin θi = N2 sin θt
b) N2 sin θi = N1 sin θt
c) sin θi = sin θt
d) N1 cos θi = N2 cos θt
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Snell law states that in an oblique medium, the product of the refractive index
and sine of incidence angle in medium 1 is same as that of medium 2. Thus it is given by N1 sin
θi = N2 sin θt.
3. Calculate the ratio of sine of incident angle to the sine of reflected angle when the refractive
indices of medium 1 and 2 are given as 2.33 and 1.66 respectively.
a) 0.71
b) 1.4
c) 2
d) 3.99
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Snell law is given by N1 sin θi = N2 sin θt. To get sin θi/sin θt, the ratio is
N2/N1. On substituting for N1 = 2.33 and N2 = 1.66, we get 1.66/2.33 = 0.71.
4. Find the ratio of the refractive index of medium 1 to that of medium 2, when the incident and
reflected angles are given by 300 and 450 respectively.
a) 0.5
b) 1
c) 2
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The Snell law is given by N1 sin θi = N2 sin θt. For getting N1/N2, the ratio is sin
θt/sin θi. On substituting for θi = 30 and θt = 45, we get sin 45/sin 30 = 2.
5. The refractive index of a medium with permittivity of 2 and permeability of 3 is given by

a) 3.56
b) 2.45
c) 3.21
d) 1.78
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The refractive index is given by n = c √(με), where c is the speed of light. Given
that relative permittivity and relative permeability are 2 and 3 respectively. Thus n = 3 x 108 √(2
x 4π x 10-7 x 3 x 8.854 x 10-12) = 2.45.
6. The critical angle is defined as the angle of incidence at which the total internal reflection
starts to occur. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The critical angle is the minimum angle of incidence which is required for the total
internal reflection to occur. This is the angle that relates the refractive index with the angle of
reflection in an oblique incidence medium.
7. The critical angle for two media of refractive indices of medium 1 and 2 given by 2 and 1
respectively is
a) 0
b) 30
c) 45
d) 60
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The sine of the critical angle is the ratio of refractive index of medium 2 to that in
medium 1. Thus sin θc = n2/n1. To get θc, put n1 = 2 and n2 = 1. Thus we get θc = sin-1(n2/n1) =
sin-1(1/2) = 30 degree.
8. The critical angle for two media with permittivities of 16 and 9 respectively is
a) 48.59
b) 54.34
c) 60
d) 45
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The sine of the critical angle is the ratio of refractive index of medium 2 to that in
medium 1. Thus sin θc = n2/n1. Also n = √ε, thus sin θc = √ε2/√ε1. Put ε1 = 16 and ε2 = 9, we
get θc = sin-1(3/4) = 48.59 degree.
9. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection for perfect reflection. State
True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For complete wave reflection, the angle of incidence should be same as the angle of
the reflection. In such cases, the reflection coefficient is unity and the transmission coefficient is
zero.
10. The angle of incidence of a wave of a wave with angle of transmission 45 degree and the
refractive indices of the two media given by 2 and 1.3 is
a) 41.68
b) 61.86
c) 12.23
d) 27.89
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Snell law is given by N1 sin θi = N2 sin θt. To get θi, put N1 = 2, N2 = 1.3, θt
= 45 degree. Thus we get θi = sin-1(1.3 sin 45)/2 = 41.68 degree.
11. The angle at which the wave must be transmitted in air media if the angle of reflection is 45
degree is
a) 45
b) 30
c) 60
d) 90
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In air media, n1 = n2 = 1. Thus, sin θi=sin θt and the angle of incidence and the
angle of reflection are same. Given that the reflection angle is 45, thus the angle of incidence is
also 45 degree.
12. For a critical angle of 60 degree and the refractive index of the first medium is 1.732, the
refractive index of the second medium is
a) 1
b) 1.5
c) 2
d) 1.66
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: From the definition of Snell law, sin θc = n2/n1. To get n2, put n1 = 1.732 and θc =
60. Thus we get sin 60 = n2/1.732 and n2 = 1.5.
“Types of Polarization”.
1. When the phase angle between the Ex and Ey component is 00 or 1800, the polarisation is
a) Elliptical
b) Circular
c) Linear
d) Perpendicular
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The phase angle between the Ex and Ey component is 00 and 1800 for linearly
polarised wave. The wave is assumed to be propagating in the z direction.
2. The magnitude of the Ex and Ey components are same in which type of polarisation?
a) Linear
b) Circular
c) Elliptical
d) Perpendicular
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In circular polarisation, the magnitude of the Ex and Ey components are the same.
This is a form of the elliptical polarisation in which the major and minor axis are the same.
3. When the Ex and Ey components of a wave are not same, the polarisation will be
a) Linear
b) Elliptical
c) Circular
d) Parallel
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In elliptical polarisation, the magnitude of Ex and Ey components are not same.
This is due to the variation in the major and minor axes of the waves representing its magnitude.
4. Identify the polarisation of the wave given, Ex = Exo cos wt and Ey = Eyo sin wt. The phase
difference is +900.
a) Left hand circularly polarised
b) Right hand circularly polarised

c) Left hand elliptically polarised
d) Right hand elliptically polarised
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The magnitude of the Ex and Ey components are not same. Thus it is elliptical
polarisation. For +90 phase difference, the polarisation is left handed. In other words, the rotation
is in clockwise direction. Thus the polarisation is left hand elliptical.
5. Identify the polarisation of the wave given, Ex = 2 cos wt and Ey = sin wt. The phase
difference is -900.
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The magnitude of the Ex and Ey components are not same. Thus it is elliptical
polarisation. For -90 phase difference, the polarisation is right handed. In other words, the
rotation is in anti-clockwise direction. Thus the polarisation is right hand elliptical.
6. Identify the polarisation of the wave given, Ex = 2 cos wt and Ey = 2 sin wt. The phase
difference is +900.
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnitude of the Ex and Ey components are the same. Thus it is circular
polarisation. For +90 phase difference, the polarisation is left handed. In other words, the rotation
is in clockwise direction. Thus the polarisation is left hand circular.
7. Identify the polarisation of the wave given, Ex = cos wt and Ey = sin wt. The phase difference
is -900.
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnitude of the Ex and Ey components are the same. Thus it is circular
polarisation. For -90 phase difference, the polarisation is right handed. In other words, the
rotation is in anti-clockwise direction. Thus the polarisation is right hand circular.
8. For a non-zero Ex component and zero Ey component, the polarisation is

a) Parallel
b) Perpendicular
c) Elliptical
d) Circular
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When the Ex is non-zero and the Ey is zero, the polarisation is parallel. The parallel
polarisation is classified under the linear polarisation type.
9. Identify the polarisation of the wave given that, Ex = 2 cos wt and Ey = cos wt.
a) Elliptical
b) Circular
c) Parallel
d) Linear
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The magnitude of the Ex and Ey components are not the same. Thus it cannot be
circular polarisation. For a phase difference of 0, the polarisation is linear. In other words, the
waves are in phase. Thus the polarisation is linear.
10. The Snell law is applicable for perpendicular polarisation and the Brewster law is applicable
for parallel polarisation. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Snell law is calculated from the oblique incidence media. Thus it is applicable
for perpendicular polarisation. The Brewster law is applicable for perpendicular polarisation.
11. When the polarisation of the receiving antenna is unknown, to ensure that it receives atleast
half the power, the transmitted wave should be
a) Linearly polarised
b) Elliptically polarised
c) Circularly polarised
d) Normally polarised
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The polarisation of the transmitting and receiving antenna has to be the same. This
is the condition for maximum power transfer to occur. This is possible only when the
polarisation is circular.
12. Identify the polarisation of the wave given that, Ex = 2 sin wt and Ey = 3 sin wt.
a) Linear
b) Elliptical
c) Circular
d) Parallel
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnitude of the Ex and Ey components are not the same. Thus it cannot be
circular polarisation. For a phase difference of 0, the polarisation is linear. In other words, the
waves are in phase. Thus the polarisation is linear.
“S and P Polarised Waves”.

1. The resultant electric field of a wave with Ex = 3 and Ey = 4 will be

a) 7
b) 1
c) 25
d) 5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The resultant electric field of two electric components Ex and Ey is E = √(Ex 2 +
Ey2). On substituting for Ex = 3 and Ey = 4, we get E = 5 units.
2. In S polarisation, the electric field lies in the plane perpendicular to that of the interface. State
True/False
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In the EM wave propagation, the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to
each other. The S polarised wave is similar to the transverse magnetic (TM) wave, the electric
field lies in the plane perpendicular to that of the interface.
3. In P polarisation, the electric field lies in the same plane as the interface. State True/False.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In the EM wave propagation, the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to
each other. The P polarised wave is similar to the transverse electric (TE) wave, the magnetic
field lies in the plane perpendicular to that of the interface or the electric field lies in the same
plane as the interface.
4. The group delay of a wave with phase constant 2.5 units and frequency of 1.2 radian/sec is
a) 3.7
b) 1.3
c) 3
d) 2.08
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The group delay is given by td = β/ω. On substituting for β = 2.5 and ω = 1.2, we
get the group delay as td = 2.5/1.2 = 2.08 units.
5. The Brewster angle is valid for which type of polarisation?

a) S polarised
b) P polarised
c) Elliptical
d) Linear
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Brewster angle is valid for perpendicular polarisation. The P polarised wave is
also a type of perpendicular polarisation. In P polarisation, the electric field lies in the plane of
the interface.
6. Find the reflection coefficient of a wave with an incident electric field of 5 units and reflected
electric field of 2 units.
a) 2.5
b) 0.4
c) 0.8
d) 1.2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The reflection coefficient is the ratio of the reflected electric field to the incident
electric field. Thus τ = Er/Ei. On substituting for Ei = 5 and Er = 2, we get τ = 2/5 = 0.4(no unit).
7. The transmission coefficient of a wave with incident and transmitted electric field of 5 and 5
respectively is
a) 0
b) 1
c) 10
d) 5
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The transmission coefficient is the ratio of the transmitted electric field to the
incident electric field. Thus T = Et/Ei. On substituting for Et = 5 and Ei = 5, we get T = 5/5 =
1(no unit). Simply, when the incident and transmitted field are same, no reflection occurs and the
transmission is unity.
8. Find the relative permittivity of the medium having a refractive index of 1.6
a) 0.4
b) 2.56
c) 3.2
d) 4.8
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The refractive index is the square root of the relative permittivity. It is given by n =
√εr. To get εr, put n = 1.6. We get εr = n2 = 1.62 = 2.56(no unit).
9. Calculate the transmission coefficient of a wave with a reflection coefficient of 0.6

a) 0.6
b) 1
c) 0
d) 0.4
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission coefficient is the reverse of the reflection coefficient. Thus T + τ
= 1. On substituting for τ = 0.6, we get T = 0.4. It has no unit.
10.The phase constant of a wave propagation with frequency of 35 radian/sec and time delay of
7.5 sec is
a) 4.66
b) 262.5
c) 46.6
d) 26.25
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The group delay expression is td = β/ω. To get β, put ω = 35 and td = 7.5. Thus we
get β = td x ω = 7.5 x 35 = 262.5 units.
“Standing Waves and SWR”.
1. Standing waves occurs due to

a) Impedance match
b) Impedance mismatch
c) Reflection
d) Transmission
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Impedance mismatches result in standing waves along the transmission line. It
shows the variation of the wave amplitudes due to mismatching.
2. Standing wave ratio is defined as the

a) Ratio of voltage maxima to voltage minima
b) Ratio of current maxima to current minima
c) Product of voltage maxima and voltage minima
d) Product of current maxima and current minima
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing wave’s amplitude at an antinode
(maximum) to the amplitude at a node (minimum) along the line. It is given by S = V MAX/VMIN.
3. Given that the reflection coefficient is 0.6. Find the SWR.

a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The relation between reflection coefficient and SWR is given by S = 1 + R/1 – R.
On substituting for R = 0.6, we get S = 1 + 0.6/1 – 0.6 = 1.6/0.4 = 4.
4. The maxima and minima voltage of the standing wave are 6 and 2 respectively. The standing
wave ratio is
a) 2
b) 3
c) 1/2
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The ratio of voltage maxima to voltage minima is given by the standing wave ratio
SWR. Thus S = VMAX/VMIN. On substituting the given data, we get S = 6/2 = 3.
5. Find the standing wave ratio, when a load impedance of 250 ohm is connected to a 75 ohm
line.
a) 0.3
b) 75
c) 250
d) 3.33
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The standing wave ratio is the ratio of the load impedance to the characteristic
impedance. Thus S = ZL/Zo. On substituting for ZL = 250 and Zo = 75, we get S = 250/75 =
3.33.
6. Find the reflection coefficient of the wave with SWR of 3.5.

a) 0.55
b) 0.23
c) 0.48
d) 0.68
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The reflection coefficient in terms of the SWR is given by R = S – 1/S + 1. On
substituting for S = 3.5, we get 3.5 – 1/3.5 + 1 = 0.55.
7. The range of the standing wave ratio is

a) 0 < S < 1
b) -1 < S < 1
c) 1 < S < ∞
d) 0 < S < ∞
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The standing wave ratio is given by S = 1 – R/1 + R. Thus the minimum value of S
is 1. It can extend upto infinity for long lines. Thus the range is 1 < S < ∞.
8. For matched line, the standing wave ratio will be

a) 0
b) ∞
c) -1
d) 1
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In a matched line, maximum transmission occurs. The reflection will be zero. The
standing wave ratio S = 1 – R/1 + R. For R = 0, the SWR is unity for matched line.
9. The maximum impedance of a 50 ohm transmission line with SWR of 3 is

a) 50/3
b) 3/50
c) 150
d) 450
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum impedance is given by the product of the characteristic impedance
and the SWR. Thus Zmax = S Zo. On substituting for S = 3 and Zo = 50, we get ZMAX = 3 X 50 =
150 units.
10. The minimum impedance of a 75 ohm transmission line with a SWR of 2.5 is
a) 100
b) 50
c) 25
d) 30
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The minimum impedance in terms of SWR is given by Z MIN = Zo/S. Substituting the
given data for S = 2.5 and Zo = 75, we get Zmin = 75/2.5 = 30.
11. The standing wave ratio of short circuited and open circuited lines will be
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) ∞
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission line will reflect high power when it is short or circuited. This will
lead to high reflection coefficient. Thus the standing wave ratio will be infinity for these extreme
cases.
12. The current reflection coefficient of a line with voltage reflection coefficient of 0.65 is given
by
a) 0
b) 0.65
c) -0.65
d) 0.35
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The current reflection coefficient at any point on the line is the negative of the
voltage reflection coefficient at that point, i.e, -R. Given that the voltage reflection coefficient is
0.65, thus the current reflection coefficient is -0.65.
“Skin Effect”.
1. The skin effect is a phenomenon observed in

a) Insulators
b) Dielectrics
c) Conductors
d) Semiconductors
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The skin of the conductor allows a certain amount of electromagnetic power to pass
through it. This phenomenon is called the skin effect. This is the reason why, electromagnetic
waves cannot travel inside a conductor.
2. The skin depth is measured in

a) Meter
b) Millimetre
c) Centimetre
d) Micrometer
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The depth to which the electromagnetic waves pass through the conductor is very
small. It is measured in μm.
3. The skin depth is calculated from the amplitude of the wave. State true/false
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The skin depth is the measure of the depth to which the amplitude of an EM wave
will reduce to 36.8% of its initial value. Thus it can be calculated if the initial amplitude is
known.
4. The attenuation constant is 0.5 units. The skin depth will be

a) 0.5
b) 0.25
c) 2
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The skin depth is the reciprocal of the attenuation constant. Thus δ = 1/α. On
substituting for α = 0.5, we get δ = 1/0.5 = 2 units.
5. Calculate the skin depth of a conductor, having a conductivity of 200 units. The wave
frequency is 10 GHz in air.
a) 355.8
b) 3.558
c) 35.58
d) 0.3558
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The skin depth is calculated by δ = 1/√(πfμσ), where f is the frequency, μ is the
permeability and σ is the conductivity. For the given data, f = 10 x 109, μ = 4π x 10-7 in air and σ
= 200, we get δ = 355.8 μm.
6. The effective skin resistance of a material with conductivity 120 and skin depth of 2μm is
a) 4.16 kilo ohm
b) 4.16 mega ohm
c) 41.6 kilo ohm
d) 41.6 mega ohm
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The effective skin resistance is given by Rs = 1/δσ, where δ is the skin depth and σ
is the conductivity. For the given data, δ = 2 x 10-6 and σ = 120, we get Rs = 1/(120x2x10-6) =
4.16 kilo ohm.
7. The skin depth is used to find which parameter?

a) DC resistance
b) AC resistance
c) Permittivity
d) Potential
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Since the skin depth varies for different frequencies, it can be used to calculate the
varying AC resistance for a material.
8. The relation between the skin depth and frequency is given by

a) Skin depth α f
b) Skin depth α 1/f
c) Skin depth α √f
d) Skin depth α 1/√f
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The skin depth is given by δ = 1/√(πfμσ). Thus the relation between the skin depth
and the frequency is, Skin depth α 1/√f.
9. A perfect dielectric acts as a

a) Perfect transmitter
b) Perfect reflector
c) Bad transmitter
d) Bad reflector
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A perfect dielectric acts as a perfect transmitter. In other words, a wave incident on
a perfect dielectric will transmit completely through it.
10. A perfect conductor acts as a

a) Perfect transmitter
b) Perfect reflector
c) Bad transmitter
d) Bad reflector
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A perfect conductor acts as a perfect reflector. In other words, a wave incident on a
perfect conductor will be totally reflected back into the same medium. There will be no skin
effect.
11. The resultant electric field of two components in the x and y direction having amplitudes 6
and 8 respectively is
a) 100
b) 36
c) 64
d) 10
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The resultant electric field of two components is given by E = √(Ex2 + Ey2). For the
given data, the electric field will be E = √(62+82) = 10 units.
12. The skin depth of the wave having a frequency of 3MHz and a velocity of 12 m/s is
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 6
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The velocity of a wave is the product of the frequency and the skin depth. Thus v =
f.δ. To get δ, put v = 12 and f = 3MHz, we get δ = 12/(3×106) = 4 μm.

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Electromagnetic Theory Questions and Answers

1. When two vectors are perpendicular, their

2. The cross product of the vectors 3i + 4j – 5k and –i + j – 2k is,

A X B = (a2*b3 – b2*a3)i – (a1*b3 – b1*a3)j + (a1*b2 – b1*a2)k.

Using the formula, the answer can be calculated.

3. Which of the following are not vector functions in Electromagnetic?

5. Find whether the vectors are parallel, (-2,1,-1) and (0,3,1)

6. Lorentz force is based on,

7. Electromagnetic forces are defined by

10. Which of the following is not true?

“Position and Distance Vectors”.

1. The distance vector is obtained in

4. The unit vector to the points p1(0,1,0), p2(1,0,1), p3(0,0,1) is

c) (-i – j)/1.414 d) (-i – j – k)/1.414

5. The polar form of Cartesian coordinates is

1. The del operator is called as

d) Vector differential operator

2. The relation between vector potential and field strength is given by

3. The Laplacian operator is actually

4. The divergence of curl of a vector is zero. State True or False.

5. The curl of gradient of a vector is non-zero. State True or False.

6. Identify the correct vector identity.

7. A vector is said to be solenoidal when its

8. The magnetic field intensity is said to be

10. When a vector is irrotational, which condition holds good?

Cartesian Coordinate System

1. The Cartesian system is also called as

2. The volume of a parallelepiped in Cartesian is

4. The scalar factor of Cartesian system is unity. State True/False.

5. The angular separation between the vectors A = 4i + 3j + 5k and B = i – 2j + 2k is (in

6. The Cartesian coordinates can be related to cylindrical coordinates and spherical

7. Transform the vector A = 3i – 2j – 4k at P(2,3,3) to cylindrical coordinates

8. The spherical equivalent of the vector B = yi + (x + z)j located at (-2,6,3) is given by

9. Which of the following criteria is used to choose a coordinate system?

Cylindrical Coordinate System

1. The cylindrical coordinate system is also referred to as

3. Cylindrical systems have the following scalar values respectively

4. A charge located at point p (5,30⁰,2) is said to be in which coordinate system?

5. Cylindrical system is employed in waveguides. State True/False.

6. The pressure inside a piston cylinder is a variable of

7. Charges filled inside a cylindrical will possess flux in which direction?

8. Rectangular waveguides dominate the circular waveguides. Find the reason.

Spherical Coordinate System

1. Convert the point (3,4,5) from Cartesian to spherical coordinates

2. Example of spherical system in the following is

3. Spherical systems are employed in waveguides. State True/False

4. Choose which of following condition is not required for a waveguide to exist.

5. Find the spherical coordinates of A(2,3,-1)

6. Find the Cartesian coordinates of B(4,25⁰,120⁰)

y = r sin θ sin φ = 4 sin 25⁰ sin 120⁰ = 1.462

8. Given B= (10/r)i+( rcos θ) j+k in spherical coordinates. Find Cartesian points at (-

9. The scalar factor of spherical coordinates is

10. Transform the vector (4,-2,-4) at (1,2,3) into spherical coordinates.

1. Gradient of a function is a constant. State True/False.

2. The mathematical perception of the gradient is said to be

3. Divergence of gradient of a vector function is equivalent to

5. Find the gradient of t = x2y+ ez at the point p(1,5,-2)

6. Curl of gradient of a vector is

A X B = (a2b3 – b2a3)i – (a1b3 – b1a3)j + (a1b2 – b1a2)k.