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Week 9 - Valves and Pipe Flow - Practice Problems

1) Valves and pipes are used to control the flow of fluids through industrial systems. 2) Different types of valves are suited for different applications depending on factors like flow rate, pressure, corrosion resistance, and cost. 3) Pipe size, material, and schedule determine properties like cross-sectional area and flow characteristics. 4) Flow rate, velocity, area, and other properties are related through equations which can be used to analyze and design piping systems.

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Sandino Michael Angelo Aguilar
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113 views18 pages

Week 9 - Valves and Pipe Flow - Practice Problems

1) Valves and pipes are used to control the flow of fluids through industrial systems. 2) Different types of valves are suited for different applications depending on factors like flow rate, pressure, corrosion resistance, and cost. 3) Pipe size, material, and schedule determine properties like cross-sectional area and flow characteristics. 4) Flow rate, velocity, area, and other properties are related through equations which can be used to analyze and design piping systems.

Uploaded by

Sandino Michael Angelo Aguilar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Valves and Pipes

How do I control where fluids go?

ENGI 10734
Industrial Systems
• Attendance quiz password: pipes
3

Choosing The Right Valve


High Hygienic Corrosive Cost
Valve High Flow Notes
Pressure Application Fluids Effective
Globe X X
Single Seat X X X X
Gate X X
Diaphragm X X
Butterfly X X X
Ball X X X
Check X X
Plug X X X
4

Relationship
• Velocity (m/s) υ = 𝑑ൗ𝑡
• Cross sectional area (m2) 𝐴 = 𝜋 𝐷Τ2 2 =0.785𝐷 2

• Volumetric flow rate (m3/s) 𝑄 = 𝑣𝐴

ID

With the same fluid velocity, which pipe has greatest flow rate?
The Pipe Schedule
• Pipe wall thickness has standard dimensions
• Summarized by a pipe “schedule”
• “2 inch pipe” does not have exactly 2” ID or OD
• Found online, in textbook or engineering handbook
• https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/nominal-wall-thickness-pipe-d_1337.html

Nominal wall thickness for seamless and welded steel pipes


Nominal wall thickness for seamless and welded steel pipes
STD - Standard
XS - Extra Strong
XXS - Double Extra Strong
Example Problem 1
• Which is an appropriate valve for:

• Baby food
• Hydrochloric Acid
• A backyard irrigation system
• High-pressure hydrant water
• Crude oil
• Tank rinse water
• Reactor safety
Example Problem 1
• Which is an appropriate valve for:

• Baby food – Single seat or butterfly


• Hydrochloric Acid – Diaphragm
• A backyard irrigation system – Ball or globe valve
• High-pressure hydrant water – Gate Valve, Globe Valve
• Crude oil – Plug Valve, Diaphragm valve
• Tank rinse water – Ball valve or globe valve
• Reactor safety – Pressure relief Valve
Example Problem 2
2a) Calculate the cross-sectional area for a NPS 1/8”, schedule 80 pipe

From the pipe schedule - 𝐷𝑂 = 0.405", 𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.095"


𝐷𝑖 = 𝐷𝑂 − 2𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.405"– (2)(0.095") = 0.215"
𝜋𝐷𝑖 2 𝜋(0.215")2
𝐴= = = 0.0363 𝑖𝑛2
4 4

2b) Calculate the cross-sectional area for a NPS 1”, schedule 40 pipe.
Give your answer in m2

From the pipe schedule - 𝐷𝑂 = 1.315", 𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.133"


𝐷𝑖 = 𝐷𝑂 − 2𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 1.315"– (2)(0.133") = 1.049"
𝜋𝐷𝑖 2 𝜋(1.049")2 0.0254𝑚 0.0254𝑚
𝐴= = = 0.864 𝑖𝑛2 = 5.57 × 10−4 𝑚2
4 4 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛
Example Problem 3
• 2.3 cubic meters per hour of water is flowing through an 8
inch schedule 40 steel pipe. Find the linear velocity of the
water in m/s.
𝜋𝐷𝑖2
𝑄 = 𝑣𝐴 → 𝐴 =
4
𝐷𝑖 = 𝐷𝑂 − 2𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 8.625"– (2)(0.322") = 7.981"
0.0254𝑚
𝐷𝑖 = 7.981" = 0.2027𝑚
𝑖𝑛
𝜋 0.2027𝑚 2
𝐴= = 0.03227𝑚2
4
𝑚3
𝑄 2.3 ℎ𝑟 𝑚
𝑣= = = 0.0198
𝐴 0.03227𝑚2 𝑠
Example Problem 4 1 ft3 = 7.48 US gal

• How many US gallons per minute of water will flow


through a 21” (I.D.) reinforced concrete pipe at a linear
velocity of 2 feet per second? (Concrete pipes are not on
the pipe schedule)

𝐷𝑖 = 21" = 1.75𝑓𝑡
𝜋 1.75𝑓𝑡 2
𝐴= = 2.404𝑓𝑡 2
4
𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡 3
𝑄 = 𝑣𝐴 = 2 2.404𝑓𝑡 2 = 4.808
𝑠 𝑠
𝑓𝑡 3 7.48𝐺𝑎𝑙 60𝑠
𝑄= 4.808 = 2160𝐺𝑃𝑀
𝑠 𝑓𝑡 3 𝑚𝑖𝑛
Example Problem 5
• A 10 % wt liquid caustic soda solution at 20oC is flowing at 200
kg/min. What size pipe can be used if the maximum linear velocity is
2.00 m/s? (caustic density = 1180 kg/m3)
𝑚ሶ 𝑚ሶ
𝜌= →𝑄=
𝑄 𝜌
𝑘𝑔
200 𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑄= 𝑘𝑔 = 0.1695 = 0.002825
1180 3 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑠
𝑚
𝑄
𝑄 = 𝑣𝐴 → 𝐴 =
𝑣
𝑚3
0.002825
𝐴= 𝑚
𝑠
= 0.001412𝑚2
2.00 𝑠

𝜋𝐷𝑖2 4𝐴 4 0.001412𝑚2
𝐴= → 𝐷𝑖 = = = 0.0424𝑚 = 1.67"
4 𝜋 𝜋

• 1.67” is minimum pipe diameter → smaller pipe would mean faster


flow.
• Only 1.5” or 2” pipe on the schedule → Choose the larger one
Example Problem 6
• A 4” schedule 40 pipe carries water at 10m/s to a pipe section
made of 3”, schedule 40 pipe. Find the linear velocity in the 3”
𝑚
pipe. Give your answer in .
𝑠

𝐴1
𝑣1 𝐴1 = 𝑣2 𝐴2 → 𝑣2 = 𝑣1
𝐴2
2
𝜋𝐷𝑖1 𝜋 0.1023𝑚 2
𝐷𝑖1 = 4.026" = 0.1023𝑚 → 𝐴1 = = = 0.008219𝑚2
4 4
2
𝜋𝐷𝑖2 𝜋 0.0901𝑚 2
𝐷𝑖2 = 3.548" = 0.0901𝑚 → 𝐴1 = = = 0.006376𝑚2
4 4

𝑚 0.00822𝑚2 𝑚
𝑣2 = 10 = 12.88
𝑠 0.00638𝑚2 𝑠
14

Practice Problem 1
• What size pipe is required to carry a flow of 2000 L/min at
a maximum velocity of 1 m/s?

Solution:
Q = 2000L/min* 1m3/1000L = 2.000m3/min,
v = 1m/s * 60 s/min = 60m/min
𝑄 = 𝑣𝐴
𝐴 = 𝑄Τ𝑣 = (2.000m3/min)/60m/min = 0.0333m2
𝜋𝐷 2
𝐴= → 𝐷 = 0.206m = 20.6cm = 8.11in
4
Nobody makes 8.11” pipes, so 9” pipe is required
Practice Problem 2
• A 6” sch 40 pipe has water flowing with a velocity of 1.5 m/s.
Find the volumetric flow rate in the pipe in L/s and m3/min.
𝜋𝐷 2
Solution: 𝑄 = 𝑣𝐴 𝐴 =
4
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑐ℎ 40 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎, 𝐼𝐷 = 6.625” – 0.280” – 0.280” =
= 6.065” * 2.54 cm/1” = 15.41cm* 1 m/100 cm = 0.1541m
𝜋𝐷 2 𝜋(0.1541𝑚)2
𝐴 = = = 0.01863m2
4 4
𝑄 = 1.5 m/s * 0.01863 m2 = 0.02794 m3/s = 1.68 m3/min =
= 27.9 L/s
Practice Problem 3
• What size pipe is required to supply water to a 16m3
CSTR if the required HRT is 1.4hrs and the minimum
linear velocity in the pipe is 1.5m/s?
Practice Problem 4
• A 1.5” schedule 40 pipe feeds into a 4” schedule 40 pipe.
At what velocity is the fluid flowing in the smaller pipe, if it
flows at 8m/s in the larger pipe?
Practice Problem 5
• The Reynold’s number is a unitless, characteristic value
which helps identify whether a fluid is flowing smoothly
(laminar) or turbulently. When the Reynold’s number of a
fluid flow in a pipe goes beyond 2300, it means the fluid is
no longer experiencing laminar flow.
• The Reynold’s number is calculated as:
𝜌𝐷𝑣
𝑅𝑒 = , where 𝜇 is the fluid’s dynamic viscosity 𝑃𝑎 ∙ 𝑠
𝜇

If olive oil is blended in a 5m3 tank, requiring an HRT of 40


minutes, what size pipe is required to ensure the olive oil
flows in the laminar regime?
𝑘𝑔
𝜌= 840 3, 𝜇 = 0.04𝑃𝑎 ∙ 𝑠
𝑚

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