Scribd
Upload
53 views17 pages

CH.2 Piaget 2021

Jean Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The concrete operational stage occurs from ages 7-11 years, where children's thinking becomes less rigid and more flexible. They can understand that operations can be mentally reversed and focus on multiple aspects of objects and events rather than just one.

Uploaded by

Mark Diama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
53 views17 pages

CH.2 Piaget 2021

Jean Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The concrete operational stage occurs from ages 7-11 years, where children's thinking becomes less rigid and more flexible. They can understand that operations can be mentally reversed and focus on multiple aspects of objects and events rather than just one.

Uploaded by

Mark Diama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

CHAPTER 2

MAJOR THEORIES OF
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

JEAN PIAGET'S COGNITIVE


DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY

• Piaget believed that the child plays


an active role in the growth of
intelligence and learns by doing.
• Children construct an understanding
of the world around them, then
experience discrepancies between
what they already know and what
they discover in their environment.
Organization refers to the mind's natural tendency
to organize information into related, interconnected
structures.

✓Schema – a concept or framework that exists in a


person’s mind to organize and interpret
information.

✓Assimilation – the process of taking in new


information into our previously existing schema.
✓Accommodation – another part of adaptation that
involves changing or altering our existing schemas
in light of new information.

✓Disequilibrium - a mental discomfort

✓Equilibration – a mechanism that Piaget proposed


to explain how children shift from one stage of
thought to the next.
PIAGET’S COGNITIVE STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT
CHARACTERISTICS OF
SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
• Birth to age 2

• Infant’s knowledge of the world is limited to


their sensory perceptions and motor activities.

• Object permanence – the capability to


recognize that a hidden object still continues
to exist, and that infants start searching for
it.
OBJECT PERMANENCE
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
PREOPERATIONAL STAGE

• Ages two to six years


• Language development is one of the hallmarks of
this period.
• Children become increasingly adept at using
symbols, as evidenced by the increase in playing and
pretending. (Broom as horse, role playing mommy,
daddy, etc.)
• Between the ages of 2 and 4, a child can perform
symbolic functions or think about objects even
though they are not real or present.
• Egocentric – unable to imagine the perspectives
of others and reflect on their own thinking.
• Conservation – the understanding that certain
physical characteristics of objects remain the
same, even when their outward appearance
changes.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL
STAGE

• Ages 7 –11 years

• Children’s thinking appears to be less rigid


and more flexible. The child’s understand
that operations can be mentally reversed or
negated.
• Centration refers to the tendency of the child to
only focus on one aspect of a thing or event and
exclude other aspects.
• Reversibility. Pre-operational children still has
the inability to reverse their thinking.
• Animism is the tendency of children to attribute
human like traits or characteristics to inanimate
objects.
• Centration refers to the tendency of the
child to only focus on one aspect of a thing
or event and exclude other aspects.
• Reversibility. Pre-operational children still
has the inability to reverse their thinking.
• Animism is the tendency of children to
attribute human like traits or
characteristics to inanimate objects.
• Classification. It refers to the ability to sort
objects or situations according to their similar
characteristics. For example, the child would
be able to group objects or things according to
color, size or shape.

• Elimination of egocentrism. The child’s ability


to view things from another's perspective.
• Seriation – a
mental operation
involving the
ability to order
objects in a
logical
progression.
• Logic. Piaget determined that children in the
concrete operational stage were fairly good at the
use of inductive logic.
Inductive logic involves going from a specific
experience to a general principle.
Deductive logic, which involves using a general
principle to determine the outcome of a specific
event.
FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE

• Ages 11 to 12 years and onward

• Children have the cognitive tools for solving


many types of logical problems.

• They have the ability to think abstractly


and reflectively.

You might also like