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51 views2 pages

Technical Question

Uploaded by

Rohan Dande
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Part -I

Information Technology - Technical Interview Questions and answer – Networking


What is an IP address?

Every device connected to the public Internet is assigned a unique number known as an Internet Protocol (IP) address. IP
addresses consist of four numbers separated by periods (also called a 'dotted-quad') and look something like 127.0.0.1.

In computer networking, an Internet Protocol (IP) address consists of a numerical


identification (logical address) that network management assigns to devices participating in a
computer network utilizing the Internet Protocol for communication between its nodes.[1]
Although computers store IP addresses as binary numbers, they often display them in more
human-readable notations, such as 192.168.100.1 (forIPv4

), and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:1:1
(forIPv6). The role of the IP address has been characterized as follows: "An a me indicates what we seek. An address
indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there."[2]

What is subnet Mask ?

A subnet (short for "subnetwork") is an identifiably separate part of an organization's network. Typically, a subnet may
represent all the machines at one geographic location, in one building, or on the same local area network (LAN). Having
an organization's network divided into subnets allows it to be connected to the Internet with a single shared network
address. Without subnets, an organization could get multiple connections to the Internet, one for each of its physically
separate subnetworks, but this would require an unnecessary use of the limited number of network numbers the Internet
has to assign. It would also require that Internet routing tables on gateways outside the organization would need to know
about and have to manage routing that could and should be handled within an organization.

What is ARP? What is ARP Cache Poisoning?

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is aprotocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical
machine address that is recognized in the local network. For example, in IP Version 4, the most common level of IP in use
today, an address is 32 bits long. In an

Ethernet local area network, however, addresses for attached devices are 48 bits long. (The

physical machine address is also known as a Media Access Control or MAC address.) A table, usually called the ARP
cache, is used to maintain a correlation between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address. ARP provides the
protocol rules for making this correlation and providing address conversion in both directions.

How ARP Works

When an incoming packet destined for a host machine on a particular local area network arrives at agateway, the gateway
asks the ARP program to find a physical host or MAC address that matches the IP address. The ARP program looks in the
ARP cache and, if it finds the address, provides it so that the packet can be converted to the right packet length and format
and sent to the machine. If no entry is found for the IP address, ARP broadcasts a request packet in a special format to all
the machines on the LAN to see if one machine knows that it has that IP address associated with it. A machine that
recognizes the IP address as its own returns a reply so indicating. ARP updates the ARP cache for future reference and
then sends the packet to the MAC address that replied.

Since protocol details differ for each type of local area network, there are separate ARP Requests for Comments (RFC) for
Ethernet,ATM, Fiber Distributed-Data Interface, HIPPI, and other protocols.

There is a Reverse ARP (RARP) for host machines that don't know their IP address. RARP
enables them to request their IP address from the gateway's ARP cache.

RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) is aprotocol by which a physical machine in a local area network can
request to learn its IP address from agateway server's Address Resolution Protocol (ARP

) table or cache. A network administrator creates a table in a local


area network's gatewayrouter that maps the physical machine (or Media Access Control -
MAC address) addresses to corresponding Internet Protocol addresses. When a new machine

is set up, its RARPclient program requests from the RARPserver on the router to be sent its IP address. Assuming that an
entry has been set up in the router table, the RARP server will return the IP address to the machine which can store it for
future use.

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