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Engineering Utilities 1 Module 1

1. This course focuses on environmental systems in buildings including electrical systems, lighting, and telecommunications. 2. Reducing operational loads and integrating efficient energy systems provides solutions for sustainable and secure energy. 3. Engineers must understand building subsystem interrelationships and have sufficient knowledge to recommend appropriate sustainable design solutions suited to the site, climate, building type, and occupants.

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Fra KE
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405 views13 pages

Engineering Utilities 1 Module 1

1. This course focuses on environmental systems in buildings including electrical systems, lighting, and telecommunications. 2. Reducing operational loads and integrating efficient energy systems provides solutions for sustainable and secure energy. 3. Engineers must understand building subsystem interrelationships and have sufficient knowledge to recommend appropriate sustainable design solutions suited to the site, climate, building type, and occupants.

Uploaded by

Fra KE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CE 31-5

ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1 MODULE 1


ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
This course focuses on the environmental systems in buildings. This includes
building electrical systems, natural and artificial lighting and building
telecommunications.
Reducing operation loads and integrating high performance energy systems
into buildings offers solutions towards achieving a sustainable and secure
energy future. Engineers must understand the interrelationship between a
building and its subsystems, and need sufficient knowledge of building systems
and design alternatives to recommend appropriate solutions that suit the site,
climate, building type, and occupants. They must coordinate the work of the
engineering disciplines that carry the sustainability concept forward through
building design, construction, commissioning, operation and ultimately,
demolition, recycling and reuse.
|ELECTRICAL THEORY
HISTORY
The ancient Greeks noted the fact when certain substances were brought into
close contact with others they acquire the ability to attract light objects.
Philosopher Thales (around 600 B.C.) was the one whom observed that the
attractions were particularly strong in “elecktron” (the Greek word for amber).
However, the title of “Father of Electricity” was accredited to William Gilbert,
an English Physicist after publishing his studies on the “Electric Attraction” and
“The Electric Force”.
The process of putting two materials into close association and then separating
them to produce the effect is now called electrification or charging by contact.
THE ELECTRON THEORY
The modern explanation of electricity is
by the means of the Electron Theory, which
is based upon the atomic structure of
matter.
The atom resembles a miniature solar
system, consisting of a central solar
system, consisting of a central nucleus of Theory :
1. That, all matters are made up of molecules.
positively charged protons, around which
2. That, molecules are made up of atoms.
tiny, negatively charged particles called 3. That, atom contains, neutrons, electrons and
electrons, revolve in fixed orbits. protons.
4. That neutron is neutral,. It is neither positive or
The atom also consist Neutron, the particle
negatively charged.
which is not electrically charged and 5. That, the electron of an atom of any substance
weighs slightly more than the proton could be transformed into another atom.
ELECTRICITY DEFINITION & SOURCES
Electricity is a form of energy
generated by friction, induction or
chemical change, having magnetic, SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
chemical and radiant effect. In short, Electricity that power our buildings and appliances
electricity is Electrons in motion. can be generated through the following means:
Mechanical : GENERATORS
Electricity is one of the most useful Chemical : DRY CELL, WET CELL & STORAGE
discovery of man which paved the BATTERIES
Photoelectric: PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL, SOLAR CELL
way to the numerous inventions from
Thermoelectric: THERMOCOUPLE
the simple tools to the most
Piezoelectric: Mechanical Pressure on QUARTZ
sophisticated gadgets. CRYSTAL
MECHANICAL SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY : GENERATOR
GENERATOR is a machine that converts
mechanical power into electric power. This
is known as Electromagnetic Induction.

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
The process whereby electricity is
generated by the relative motion of a
conductor with respect to a magnetic
field.
PRIMEMOVERS OF GENERATORS
1. Fossil Fuel : Oil, Coal and
Gas
2. Dry Steam
3. Hydro Power
4. Nuclear
5. Tidal Power
6. Solar Power
7. Wind Power
CHEMICAL SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY : DRY CELL, WET CELL, AND
STORAGE BATTERIES A WET CELL operates by means of a liquid
A DRY CELL, when fresh, generates an electrolyte solution.
electromotive force (emf) of 1.5 volts.
The practical usage of a dry cell is
for flashlights, smoke & fire detectors
and alarm.

STORAGE BATTERY is a combination of two or more


wet cells capable of storing and supplying direct
current by electro chemical means.
LIGHT AS SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY : PHOTOVOLTAIC/SOLAR CELL
A PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL generates its own
electromotive force when expose to light and
thus convert light directly into electric current.
HEAT AS SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY: THERMOCOUPLE
A THERMOCOUPLE is a device consisting of two junctions of
two dissimilar metals; when 2 junctions are at different
temperatures, a voltage is generated by the device.
This is known as the thermoelectric effect.

The use of thermocouples are limited to


measuring temperatures.
MECHANICAL PRESSURE AS SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY : PIEZOELECTRIC
In PIEZOELECTRIC, electricity is
generated by the mechanical pressure,
twisting and stretching of certain crystals
such as quartz and Rochelle salts.

Piezoelectric Generator from shoes


can provide electric power to mobile
phones.

Quartz crystal and Rochelle salts


POTENTIAL EFFECT OF PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT

PIEZOELECTRIC CORRIDORS

PIEZOELECTRIC JOGGING
PATHS, SIDE WALKS AND
PIEZOELECTRIC DANCEFLOOR CARRIAGEWAYS

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