APPROVED BY AICTE NEW DELHI, AFFILIATED TO VTU BELGAUM

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LABORATORY

LAB MANUAL - 15CPL16

SEMESTER-I/II

2016-2017

Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved by:

N.S.Saradha Devi N.S.Saradha Devi Dr. A.A. Powly Thomas

Head of the Department Head of the Department Principal
Dept. of CSE Dept. of CSE GCEM
GCEM GCEM

81/1, 182/1, Hoodi Village, Sonnenahalli, K.R. Puram, Bengaluru,

Karnataka-560048.
Computer Programming Laboratory 15PCD13 2016-2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No Title of Contents Page

From To
1 SYLLABUS 3 5
2 COURSE OBJECTIVE AND COURSE 6 6
OUTCOME
3 COMPUTER LAB DO’S AND DON’TS 7 7
4 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 8 56

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SYLLABUS

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LABORATORY

[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]
(Effective from the academic year 2015 -2016)
SEMESTER - I/II
Laboratory Code 15CPL 16 / 15CPL26 IA Marks 20

Number of Lecture Hours/Week 01Hr Tutorial (Instructions) Exam Marks 80

+ 02 Hours Laboratory
Total Number of Lecture Hours 48 Exam Hours 03

CREDITS - 02

Course objectives: To provide basic principles C programming language. To provide design & develop of C
programming skills. To provide practical exposures like designing flowcharts, algorithms, how to debug
programs etc.

Descriptions (if any):

Demonstration of Personal Computer and its Accessories: Demonstration and

Explanation on Disassembly and Assembly of a Personal Computer by the faculty-in-charge. Students
have to prepare a write-up on the same and include it in the Lab record and evaluated.

Laboratory Session-1: Write-up on Functional block diagram of Computer, CPU, Buses, Mother Board,
Chip sets, Operating System & types of OS, Basics of Networking & Topology and NIC.
Laboratory Session-2: Write-up on RAM, SDRAM, FLASH memory, Hard disks, Optical media, CD-
ROM/R/RW, DVDs, Flash drives, Keyboard, Mouse, Printers and Plotters. Introduction to flowchart,
algorithm and pseudo code.

Note: These TWO Laboratory sessions are used to fill the gap between theory classes and practical
sessions. Both sessions are to be evaluated as lab experiments.

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LABORATORY EXERCISES

Implement the following programs with WINDOWS / LINUX platform using appropriate C compiler.

1. Design and develop a flowchart or an algorithm that takes three coefficients (a, b, and
c) of a Quadratic equation (ax2+bx+c=0) as input and compute all possible roots.
Implement a C program for the developed flowchart/algorithm and execute the same to
output the possible roots for a given set of coefficients with appropriate messages.

2. Design and develop an algorithm to find the reverse of an integer number NUM and
check whether it is PALINDROME or NOT. Implement a C program for the
developed algorithm that takes an integer number as input and output the reverse of
the same with suitable messages. Ex: Num: 2014, Reverse: 4102, Not a Palindrome
3.
3a. Design and develop a flowchart to find the square root of a given number N.
Implement a C program for the same and execute for all possible inputs with
appropriate messages. Note: Don’t use library function sqrt(n).
3b. Design and develop a C program to read a year as an input and find whether it is leap year

or not. Also consider end of the centuries.

4
4. Design and develop an algorithm to evaluate polynomial for a given value of x and
its coefficients using Horner’s method. Implement a C program for the same and execute the
program with different set of values of coefficients and x.

5. Draw the flowchart and Write a C Program to compute Sin(x) using Taylor series
approximationgiven by Sin(x) = x - (x3/3!) + (x5/5!) - (x7/7!) + …….
Compare your result with the built- in Library function. Print both the results with
appropriate messages.

6. Develop an algorithm, implement and execute a C program that reads N integer

numbers and arrange them in ascending order using Bubble Sort.

7. Develop, implement and execute a C program that reads two matrices A (m x n ) and
B (p x q ) and Compute product of matrices A and B. Read matrix A and matrix B in row
major order and in column major order respectively. Print both the input matrices and
resultant matrix with suitable headings and output should be in matrix format only.

Implement the following programs with WINDOWS / LINUX platform using appropriate
C compiler.

8. Develop, implement and execute a C program to search a Name in a list of names

using Binary searching Technique.

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9. Write and execute a C program that

i. Implements string copy operation STRCOPY(str1,str2) that copies a
stringstr1to another string str2 without using library function.
ii. Read a sentence and print frequency of vowels and total count of consonants.

10.a.Design and develop a C function RightShift(x ,n) that takes two integers x and n as
input and returns value of the integer x rotated to the right by n positions. Assume the
integers are unsigned. Write a C program that invokes this function with different values for
x and n and tabulate the results with suitable headings.

b.Design and develop a C function isprime(num) that accepts an integer argument and returns
1 if the argument is prime, a 0 otherwise. Write a C program that invokes this function
to generate prime numbers between the given range.

11. Draw the flowchart and write a recursive C function to find the factorial of a number,
n!, defined by fact(n)=1, if n=0. Otherwise fact(n)=n*fact(n-1). Using this function,
write a C program to compute the binomial coefficient nCr. Tabulate the results for
different values of n and r with suitable messages.

12. Given two university information files “studentname.txt” and “usn.txt” that contains
students Name and USN respectively. Write a C program to create a new file called
“output.txt” and copy the content of files “studentname.txt” and “usn.txt” into output
file in the sequence shown below . Display the contents of output file “output.txt” on
to the screen.
Student Name USN
Name 1 USN1
Name 2 USN2
…. ….
…. ….

13. Write a C program to maintain a record of n student details using an array of structures
with four fields (Roll number, Name, Marks, and Grade). Assume appropriate data type
for each field. Print the marks of the student, given the student name as input.

14. Write a C program using pointers to compute the sum, mean and standard deviation of all
elements stored in an array of n real numbers.

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COURSE OBJECTIVE

 To provide basic principles C programming language.

 To provide design & develop of C programming skills.
 To provide practical exposures like designing flowcharts, algorithms, how to debug
programs etc.

COURSE OUTCOME

 Gaining the Knowledge on various parts of a computer.

 Able to draw flowcharts and write algorithms
 Able to design and development of C problem solving skills.
 Able to design and develop modular programming skills.
 Able to trace and debug a program

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COMPUTER LAB DO’S AND DON’T

DO’S

1. Know the location of the fire extinguisher and the first aid box and how to use
them in case of an emergency.
2. Read and understand how to carry out an activity thoroughly before coming to
the laboratory.
3. Report fires or accidents to your lecturer/laboratory technician immediately.
4. Report any broken plugs or exposed electrical wires to your lecturer/laboratory
technician immediately.

DON’TS

1. Do not eat or drink in the laboratory.

2. Avoid stepping on electrical wires or any other computer cables.
3. Do not open the system unit casing or monitor casing particularly when the
power is turned on. Some internal components hold electric voltages of up to
30000 volts, which can be fatal.
4. Do not insert metal objects such as clips, pins and needles into the computer
casings. They may cause fire.
5. Do not remove anything from the computer laboratory without permission.
6. Do not touch, connect or disconnect any plug or cable without your
lecturer/laboratory technician’s permission.
7. Do not misbehave in the computer laboratory.

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

S. No Title of the Experiment Page

From To
1 ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATION 9 12
2 PALINDROME 13 15
A SQUARE ROOT 16 18
3 B LEAP YEAR 19 20
4 EVALUATION OF POLYNOMIAL 21 23
5 SINE SERIES 24 26
6 BUBBLE SORT 27 29
7 MATRIX MULTIPLICATION 30 32
8 BINARY SEARCH 33 34
A STRING COPY 35 36
9 B FREQUENCY OF VOWELS AND 37 38
CONSONANTS
A RIGHT ROTATE 39 41
10 B ISPRIME OR NOT 42 44
11 FACTORIAL OF A GIVEN INTEGER 45 46
USING RECURSION
12 COPY THE CONTENTS OF FILE 47 49
13 STUDENT RECORD USING ARRAY 50 53
OF STRUCTURES
14 SUM, MEAN AND S.D. USING 54 56
POINTERS

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Experiment No.1 Date:

ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATION

AIM: To find the roots of the quadratic equation (ax2+bx+c=0) with different possible input
values for a, b and c.

ALGORITHM :
ALGM: Quadratic Equation [This algorithm takes three coefficients as input and computes the roots]
Steps:
1. [Initialize] Start
2. [Input coefficients of quadratic equation]
read a ,b, c
3. [Check for valid coefficients]
If a =0 and b= 0 then
print “Roots cannot be determined”
[Check for linear equation]
else a=0then
root1 ← (-c/b)
print “Linear equation”,root1
goto step 5
4. [Compute discriminate value]
disc ← b*b-4*a*c
5. [Based on discriminate value, classify and calculate all possible roots and print them]

5.1 [If discriminate value is 0, roots are real & equal.]

if disc=0 then
root1← root2 ← (-b/2*a)
` print “Real & equal roots”, root1, root2
5.2 [ If discriminate value is >0, roots are real & distinct.]
else if disc>0then
root1← (-b+√disc)/(2*a)
root2 ← (-b-√disc)/(2*a)
print “Real & distinct roots”, root1, root2
5.3 [ If discriminate value is <0, roots are imaginary.]
else
real ← -b/(2*a)
imag ← √(fabs(disc))/(2*a)
root1 ← (real) + i (imag)
root2 ← (real) - i (imag)
print “Imaginary roots”, root1, root2
endif
endif
6. [Finished] End

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FLOWCHART:
start

Read a,b,c

Is Is a=0
Print
&
a=0? “Invalidroots”
F b=0? T

F
Disc <-b*b-4*a*c

Is disc Is disc
= 0? > 0?
F F

T T
Print “linear Print “Real Print “Real and Print “imaginary
equation” & equal roots” distinct roots” roots”

Root 1 = -c/b Root 1 = Root 1 = (-b+sqrt(disc))/(2*a) Real = -b/(2*a)

-b/(2*a) Root 1 = (-b-sqrt(disc))/(2*a) Image = sqrt(f
Root 2 = root 1 abs(disc))/(2*a)

Print root1 Print root 1, root 2 Print

Root 1 = real+ I imag
Root 2 = real- I imag

stop

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PROGRAM :
/* Program to calculate all possible roots of a quadratic equation */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float a, b, c, disc;
float root1,root2,real,imag;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a,b,c values\n");
scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c);
if( (a == 0) && (b == 0) &&(c==0))
{
printf("Invalid coefficients\n");
printf(" Try Again with valid inputs !!!!\n");
getch();
}

disc = b*b - 4*a*c;

if(disc == 0)
{
printf("The roots are real and equal\n");
root1 = root2 = -b/(2*a);
printf("Root1 = %.3f \nRoot2 = %.3f", root1,root2);
}
else if(disc>0)
{
printf("The roots are Real and Distinct\n");
root1 = (-b+sqrt(disc)) / (2*a);
root2 = (-b-sqrt(disc)) / (2*a);
printf("Root1 = %.3f \nRoot2 = %.3f",root1,root2);
}
else
{
printf("The roots are Real and Imaginary\n");
real = -b / (2*a);
imag = sqrt(fabs(disc)) / (2*a);//fabs() returns only numberignoring sign
printf("Root1 = %.3f + i %.3f \n",real,imag);
printf("Root2 = %.3f - i %.3f",real,imag);
}

getch();
}

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EXPECTED OUTPUT:
1. Enter a, b, c values
0 0 1
Invalid coefficients
Try Again with valid inputs!!!!

2. Enter a, b, c values
1 2 3
The roots are Real and Imaginary
Root1 = -1.000 + I 1.414
Root2 = -1.000 – I 1.414

3. Enter a, b, c values
1 2 1
The roots are real and equal
Root1 = -1.000
Root2 = -1.000

4. Enter a, b, c values
1 5 3
The roots are Real and Distinct
Root1 = -0.697
Root2 = -4.303

5. Enter a, b, c values
0 1 2
Linear equation
Root = -2.000

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Experiment No.2 Date:

PALINDROME

AIM: To check whether the given integer is PALINDROME or NOT.

ALGORITHM :

ALGM: Palindrome [This algorithm takes an integer number as input and output the reverse of the same. Also
checks the number is palindrome or not]
Steps:
1. [Initialize] Start
2. [Input the original number]
read num
3. [Set number num to a variable n]
n ← num
4. [Iterate until num is not equal to 0.
If num value becomes 0, control comes out of the loop. So num’s original value is lost. So, num
value is stored in other variable n in step 3.
In step 4, reverse of the number is calculated.]
while ( num != 0) do
remainder ← num mod 10
num ← num/10
rev ← rev * 10 +remainder
5. [Print reverse number]
print rev
6. [Check if original number & reverse number are same. If it is, number is palindrome. Otherwise,
not palindrome]
if (rev = n) then
print palindrome
else
print not a palindrome
endif
7. [Finished]
End

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FLOWCHART:
start

Read num

r num = 0

n= num

While(num!=0)
False

True
False
rem =num%10 If n= rnum
True
rnum = rnum*10+rem

num = num/10

Print number is not Print number is

palindrome palindrome

stop
PROGRAM :

/* Program to calculate whether a given number is palindrome or not */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int temp,rev=0,num,remainder ;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the number\n");
scanf("%d",&num);
temp=num;
while(num!=0) //Reversing the number
{
remainder = num%10;
num = num/10;
rev = rev*10+ remainder;
}
printf("The reverse number is %d",rev);
if(rev == temp)
printf("\n%d is a palindrome",temp);
else

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printf("\n%d is not a palindrome", temp);

getch();
}

EXPECTED OUTPUT:
1. Enter the number
1001
The reverse number is 1001
1001 is a palindrome

2. Enter the number

123
The reverse number is 123
123 is not a palindrome

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Experiment No. 3(A) Date:

SQUARE ROOT

AIM: To find Square Root of a given Number.

ALGORITHM:

SQUARE ROOT [this algorithm takes an integer number as an input and prints the square root
of the number]
Input: the integer number

Output: print the square root number

Step1: Initialize

Step2: Enter the number

Step3: if(n>=0)

then

Print the square root result

Else

Print it is not a valid number

Step4: stop

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FLOWCHART:

start

Read n

True
For s=1,2,….to s*s<=n
False

Decrement s

For d=0.001, 0.002….to

d<1.0
False True
X<- (double)s+d

False True
Is (x*x)>

(double)n?

X<- x-0.001

Print ‘squrate root’

stop

PROGRAM :

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/* Program to calculate square root of the given number without using built in function */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main() // Uses Brute-Force Method
{
int s;
double x,d,n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the number\n");
scanf("%lf",&n);
if(n>=0)
{
for(s=1;s*s<=n;s++); //calculating decimal part of the square root
s--;
for(d = 0.001;d < 1.0;d += 0.001) // calculating the fractional part
{
x = (double)s + d;
if((x*x > (double)n))
{
x = x - 0.001;
break;
}
}
printf("The square root of the given number is %.3lf\n", x);
printf("The square root as per built in function sqrt()is %.2lf", sqrt(n));
}
else
{
printf( "No square root to a negative number");
}
getch();
}

EXPECTED OUTPUT:
1. Enter the number
16
The square root of the given number is 4.000
The square root as per built in function sqrt() is 4.00

2. Enter the number

27
The square root of the given number is 5.196
The square root as per built in function sqrt() is 5.20

3. Enter the number -4

No square root to a negative number

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Experiment No. 3(B) Date:

LEAP YEAR
AIM: To check whether the given year is leap year or not.

ALGORITHM:

ALGM: Leap Year

Input An year
Output Leap year or not
complexity O(1).
leapyear(year)
Steps
Start
1 If (year %4==0 and year%100 !=0)
2 print "it is a leap year";
3 else
4 if(year%400==0)
5 print "it is a leap year";
6 else
7 print "it is not a leap year";
End
FLOWCHART:

start

Enter valid
year

If the number is valid if the number is not valid

if((year%4==0
) &&
year%100!=0)
|| (year%400
==0))

Print the given year is leap Print the given year is not
year leap year

stop

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PROGRAM :
/* Program to find whether given year is leap year or not */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int year;
clrscr();
printf("Enter valid year\n");
scanf("%d",&year);
if((year%4==0) && (year%100!=0) || (year%400 ==0)) //check for leap year
{
printf("%d is leap year", year);
}
else
{
printf("%d is not a leap year",year);
}
getch();
}

EXPECTED OUTPUT:
1. Enter valid year
2012
2012 is leap year

2. Enter valid year

1900
1900 is not a leap year

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Experiment No.4 Date:

Evaluation of Polynomial

AIM: To find the value of the polynomial Design and develop an algorithm for evaluating
the polynomial f(x) = a4 x4 + a3 x3 + a2 x2+ a1 x + a0, for a given value of x and its
coefficients using Horner’s method.

ALGORITHM :

ALGM: EVAL_POLYNOMIAL f(x) = a4x4+ a3x3+ a2x2+ a1x+ a0using Horner’s method
Steps:
1. [Initialize] Start
2. [Input the number of coefficients n]
read n
3. Set sum to 0
4. [Read all coefficients a1, a2, a3, a4and constanta0]
For each value i in array a(i)do
read n+1 coefficients
endfor
5. [Input variable x]
read x
6. [Iterate from n to 0. Calculate each term a4x4, a3x ,a2x2,a1x, a0 . ]
For each value iin array a(i) do
sum ← sum * x + a[i]
endfor
7. Print sum
8. [Finished]
End

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FLOWCHART:

start

Read n

false
for(i=0; i<=n; i++)

true

Read a[i]

Read x

Sum = a[i]*x

false
For(i=n-1; i>0; i--)

true
Sum = (sum+a[i]*x)

Sum = sum+a[0]

Write sum

stop

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PROGRAM :
/* Evaluating the polynomial f(x) = a4x4+ a3x3+ a2x2+ a1x+ a0 using Horner’s method (n, i, sum, a[], x) */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int n,i,sum=0,a[10],x;
clrscr();
printf("enter the number of co-efficients n>=0\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("enter the n+1 co-efficients\n");
for(i=n;i>=0;i--)
{
printf("Enter a[%d] th coefficient : ",i);
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
printf("enter value of x\n");
scanf("%d",&x);
for(i=n;i>0;i--)
{
sum=sum*x+a[i];
}
sum=sum+a[0];
printf("the value of sum is %d",sum);
getch();
}

EXPECTED OUTPUT:
1. enter the number of co-efficients n>=0
4
enter the n+1 co-efficients
Enter a[4] th coefficient : 1
Enter a[3] th coefficient : 2
Enter a[2] th coefficient : 3
Enter a[1] th coefficient : 4
Enter a[0] th coefficient : 5
enter value of x
1
the value of sum is 15

2. enter the number of co-efficients n>=0

0
enter the n+1 co-efficients
Enter a[0] th coefficient : 25
enter value of x
25

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Experiment No.5 Date:

SINE SERIES
𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥5
AIM: To compute Sin(x) using Taylor series approximation given by Sin(x)= 1! − + −.
3! 5!

ALGORITHM:
ALGORITHM: SINE SERIES[this algorithm takes degree as an input to print the sine function
value]
Input : Degree of polynomial

Output : Sine function value

Step 1: start

Step 2: enter the degree

Step 3: convert degree into radian

X <- degree*(PI/180)

Step 4: check the given number is odd/not

If(it is a odd number)

Then
{
term = nume/deno;
nume = -nume*x*x;
deno = deno*i*(i+1);
}
else
{
If(term<0.001)
{
Print thr sine value
}
else
{
Check the number
}
}
Step 5: stop

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FLOWCHART:
start

Read degree

PI <- 3.142

X <- degree*(PI/180)

Nume <- x

Deno <- 1

Sum <- x

For i = 3,5,7,…to n
False true

nume –nume*x*x

deno <- deno*(i*(i-1))

term <- (nume/deno)

True false

Is term < Sum <-

Print calculated sine, 0.001? sum+term
predefined sine values

stop

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PROGRAM:
/* Program to calculate sine value of given angle */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define PI 3.142
int main()
{
int i, degree;
float x, sum=0,term,nume,deno;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the value of degree");
scanf("%d",&degree);
x = degree * (PI/180); //converting degree into radian
nume = x;
deno = 1;
i=2;
do
{ //calculating the sine value.
term = nume/deno;
nume = -nume*x*x;
deno = deno*i*(i+1);
sum=sum+term;
i=i+2;
} while (fabs(term) >= 0.00001); // Accurate to 4 digits
printf("The sine of %d is %.3f\n", degree, sum);
printf("The sine function of %d is %.3f", degree, sin(x));
getch();
}

EXPECTED OUTPUT:
1. Enter the value of degree
0
The sine of 0 is 0.000
The sine function of 0 is 0.000

2. Enter the value of degree

45
The sine of 45 is 0.707
The sine function of 45 is 0.707

3. Enter the value of degree

90
The sine of 90 is 1.000

The sine function of 90 is 1.000

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Experiment No.6 Date:

BUBBLE SORT

AIM: To arrange given N integers in ascending order using Bubble Sort.

ALGORITHM :

ALGM: Bubble Sort [ This algorithm takes a list of unordered numbers and arrange them in
ascending order using Bubble Sort method]
Steps: 1. [Initialize] Start
2. [Input number of elements]
read n
3. [Input unsorted elements in array]
read elements in array a[ ]
4. print elements of array a[ ]

5. [Iterate array a[ ] in two loops. Outer loop gives number of passes. Inner loop does swap t ask.In
each pass, compare each pair of adjacent items. If former element is greater than latter one, swap
them.]
[Iterate array a[ ] with
for each value i in array a[i] to n do
for each value j in array a[j] to n-1 do
[Compare each pair of adjacent elements]
if (a[j] > a[j+1])then
[Swap these elements using temp variable]
temp ← a[j]
a[j] ← a[j+1]
a[j+1] ← temp
endif
endfor
endfor
6. Print array with sorted elements

7. [Finished] End.

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FLOWCHART:

start

Read n

For(i=0; i<n; i++)

false

true
read a[i]

for(i=0; i<n-1; i++) false

true

for(j=0; j<n-1; j++)

true

false
If

a[j]>a[j-1]

true

temp=a[j]

a[j]=a[j+1]

a[j+1]=temp

For(i=0; i<n; i++)

False
Write a[i]

stop

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PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int n,i,j,a[10],temp;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the no. of elements : \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the array elements \n");
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
printf("The original elements are \n");
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
printf("%d ",a[i]);
for(i= 0 ; i < n-1 ; i++) // Number of Passes
{
for(j= 0 ; j< n-i+1; j++) // Comparisons
if(a[j] > a[j+1])
{
temp = a[j];
a[j] = a[j+1];
a[j+1] = temp;
}
}
printf("\n The Sorted elements are \n");
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
printf("%d ",a[i]);
getch();
}

Output:

1. Enter the no. of elements :

5
Enter the array elements
30 10 50 20 40
The original elements are
30 10 50 20 40
The Sorted elements are
10 20 30 40 50

2. Enter the no. of elements : 6

Enter the array elements
6 5 4 3 2 1
The original elements are
6 5 4 3 2 1
The Sorted elements are
1 2 3 4 5 6

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Computer Programming Laboratory 15PCD13 2016-2017

Experiment No.7 Date:

MATRIX MULTIPLICATION

AIM: To read two matrices A(m x n )and B(p x q) and Compute the product A and B.

ALGORITHM:

ALGM: matrix multiplication

Step 1: GET THE MATRIX SIZE OF a

Input the size of matrix a and read the values of m and n.
Step 2: GET THE MATRIX VALUE OF a
For i=0 to n-1
For j=0 to n-1
Read a[i][j]
End For
End For
Step 3: GET THE MATRIX SIZE OF b
Input the size of matrix b and read the values of p and q.
Step 4: GET THE MATRIX VALUE OF b
For i=0 to p-1
For j=0 to q-1
Read b[i][j]
End For
End For
STEP :5 MULTIPLICATION OF MATRICES NOT POSSIBLE
If(n!=p)
Print(“multiplication is not possible”)
Stop
End if
STEP 6: MULTIPLICATION OF MATRICES IS POSSIBLE
For i=0 to m-1
For j=0 to q-1
Sum=0
For k=0 to n-1
Sum=Sum+a[i][k]*b[k][j]
End for
End for
Step 7: DISPLAY RESULT
For i=0 to m-1
For j=0 to q-1
Print c[i][j]
End for
End for
Step 8: STOP
stop

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PROGRAM :
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5][5],b[5][5],c[5][5],m,n,p,q,i,j,k;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the size of first matrix\n");
scanf("%d %d",&m,&n);
printf("Enter the size of second matrix\n");
scanf("%d %d",&p,&q);
if(n!=p)
printf(“Matrix multiplication is not possible”);
else
{
printf("Enter the elements of first matrix\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
printf("Enter the elements of the second matrix\n");
for(i=0;i<p;i++)
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
{
c[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<n;k++)
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
printf("\n A- matrix is\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n B- matrix is\n");
for(i=0;i<p;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
printf("%d\t",b[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("The product of two matrix is\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<q;j++)
printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);

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printf("\n");
}

}
getch();
}

EXPECTED OUTPUT:
1. Enter the size of first matrix
2 3
Enter the size of second matrix
3 2
Enter the elements of first matrix
1 2 3 4 5 6
Enter the elements of the second matrix
1 2 3 4 5 6
A- matrix is
1 2 3
4 5 6
B- matrix is
1 2
3 4
5 6
The product of two matrix is
22 28
49 64

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Computer Programming Laboratory 15PCD13 2016-2017

Experiment No.8 Date:

BINARY SEARCHING TECHNIQUE

AIM: To search a name in list of names using Binary Searching Technique

ALGORITHM:

ALGM: Binary search

OPTIMAL-BST(p, q, n)

1 for i = 1 to n + 1
2 do e[i, i - 1] = qi-1
3 w[i, i - 1] = qi-1
4 for l =1 to n
5 do for i = 1 to n - l + 1
6 do j = i + l - 1
7 e[i, j] = ∞
8 w[i, j] = w[i, j - 1] + pj + qj
9 for r = i to j
10 do t = e[i, r - 1] + e[r + 1, j] + w[i, j]
11 if t < e[i, j]
12 then e[i, j] = t
13 root[i, j] = r
14 return e and root

PROGRAM :
/* progrm to search an name using binary search */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
char name[10][20], key[20];
int n, i, low, high, mid, found=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the number of names to read, n=");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the names in ascending order\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%s", name[i]);
printf("Enter the name to be search:");
scanf("%s", key);
low=0;
high=n-1;
while(low<=high && !found)

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{
mid=(low + high)/2;
if(strcmp(name[mid],key)==0)
found=1;
else if(strcmp(name[mid],key)<0)
low=mid+1;
else
high=mid-1;
}
if(found == 1)
printf("Name found in position : %d",mid+1);
else
printf("Name not found");
getch();
}
EXPECTED OUTPUT:
1. Enter the number of names to read, n= 5
Enter the names in ascending order
Amar
Chethan
Girish
Manoj
Yadu
Enter the name to be search:
Chethan
Name found in position :2

2. Enter the number of names to read, n= 5

Enter the names in ascending order
Girish
Manoj
Yadu
Amar
Chethan
Enter the name to be search:
Kiran
Name not found

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Computer Programming Laboratory 15PCD13 2016-2017

Experiment No: 9 (A) Date:

STRING COPY

AIM: TO execute a C program that Implements string copy operation STRCOPY(str1,str2) that
copies a string str1 to another string str2 without using library function.

ALGORITHM:

ALGM: EVAL_POLYNOMIAL [To copy string i/p to its o/p, replacing each
string of one or more blanks by a single blank].
Inputs: str1 and str2.
Output: str1 -> str2.
1.Start
2. Read the text in Array c
3. FOR i← 0 to c [i] <> '\0' in steps of 1
IF c [i] = ' '
Print ' '
End If
Until c [i] = ‘\0'
Increment i
End Until
Print the character
End For
4. Stop
FLOWCHART:
start

Enter the 2 string

String matched string not matched

While(s[i]!=’\0’)

Print the string is Print the string is

valid not valid

stop

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Program :

/* program to copy a string without using library function */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
// function to copy a string
void strcopy(char s1[50], char s2[50])
{
int i=0;
while(s[1i]!='\0')
{
s2[i]=s1[i];
i++;
}
s2[i]='\0';
}
int main()
{
char str1[50],str2[50];
clrscr();
printf("Enter the source string\n");
gets(str1);
strcopy(str1,str2);
printf("Destination string is\n");
puts(str2);
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
1. Enter the source string
Drsmce
Destination string is
Drsmce

2. Enter the source string

1234
Destination string is
1234

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Computer Programming Laboratory 15PCD13 2016-2017

Experiment No. 9(B) Date:

VOWELS AND CONSONANTS COUNT

AIM: To Read a sentence and prints frequency of each of the vowels and total count of
consonants.
ALGORITHM:

ALGM: VOWELS AND CONSONANTS COUNT[To read a sentence and prints frequency of
each of the vowels and total count of consonants.]
Input: Sentence.
Output: Print vowels(a,e,i,o,u) ,consonants(other than vowels) and print their count.
STEP 1.Set countCo:=0[C is the counter variable for consonants]
STEP 2.Set countVo:=0[counter for vowels ]
STEP 3.[find length of STR] Set L:=LENGTH(STR).
STEP 4:TOLOWER(STR,L) [change all characters in string to lower case]
STEP 5. Repeat for K:=0 to L-1:
If STR[K]='a' OR STR[K]='e' OR STR[K]='i' OR STR[K]='o' OR STR[K]='u'.Then:
Set countVo:=countVo+1
Else
Set countCo:=countCo+1
[End of If-Else]
[End of for loop]
STEP 6.PRINT countVo,countCo [display results]
STEP 7.EXIT/END

FLOWCHART: start

Enter the sentences

For(i=0; i<strlen(s); i++)

If is
alpha(s[i])
If it consists vowels otherwise

Print the number of vowels Print the number of

consonants

stop

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PROGRAM :
/* program to prints frequency of vowels and total count of consonants */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char s[100],ch;
int i,vc=0,cc=0;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the sentence\n");
gets(s);
for(i=0;i<strlen(s);i++)
{
if(isalpha(s[i]))
{
ch=tolower(s[i]);
if(ch=='a'||ch=='e'||ch=='i'||ch=='o'||ch=='u')
vc++;
else
cc++;
}
}
printf("No of vowels=%d\n",vc);
printf("No of consonants=%d",cc);
getch();
}

OUTPUT:
1. Enter the sentence
Welcome to drsmce
No of vowels=5
No of consonants=10

2. Enter the sentence

qwerty@#$
No of vowels=1
No of consonants=5

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Computer Programming Laboratory 15PCD13 2016-2017

Experiment No. 10(a) Date:

RIGHT ROTATE AND ISPRIME OR NOT

10. i)Design and develop a C function RightShift(x ,n) that takes two integers x and
n as input and
returns value of the integer x rotated to the right by n positions. Assume the integers
are unsigned.
Write a C program that invokes this function with different values for x and n and
tabulate the
results with suitable headings.
ii) Design and develop a C function isprime(num) that accepts an integer argument
and returns 1
if the argument isprime, a 0 otherwise. Write a C program that invokes this function
to generate
prime numbers between the given ranges

10.1 Right Rotate by n Positions

Design and develop a C function Right Shift(x ,n) that takes two integers x and n as input
and returns value of the integer X rotated to the right by n positions.

Algorithm:

ALGM: RIGHT ROTATE BY N POSITIONS [A ‘C’ function Right Shift(x ,n) that
takes two integers x
and n as input and returns value of the integer X rotated to the right by n positions.]

Input: Integers x and n.

Output: Integer X rotated to the right by n positions.
1.Start
2.Read x and n
3.Callfunction RR(x,n)
4.Print the result
5.Stop
Algorithm to rotate value by bits
1.IF n==0
Return x
ELSE
Return((x>>n)|(x<<(32-n)))
2. Return

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Flowchart:

start

Enter x and n

For(i=0; i<n; i++)

True If(x%2==0) false

X=x>>1 X=x>>1

X=x+32768

stop

Program :
/* program to rotate right */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
//function to right rotate
unsignedint RightShift(unsignedint x,unsignedint n)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(x%2==0)
x=x>>1;
else
{
x=x>>1;
x=x+32768;
}
}
return(x);
}
void main()
{
unsigned int x,y,n,i,value;
char input;
clrscr();

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do
{
printf("\nEnter the number and the no of bits to be” “rotated\n");
scanf("%u %u",&x,&n);
y=x;
value=RightShift(x,n);
printf("\nCALULATED VALUE rightrot of %u,%u=%u",y,n,value);
printf("\nTocontinue press 'y' else press 'n'\n");
input=getche();
}while(input!='n');
getch();
}

Output:

1. Enter the number and the no of bits to be rotated

4 1
CALULATED VALUE rightrot of 4,1=2
To continue press 'y' else press 'n'
y
Enter the number and the no of bits to be rotated
5 2
CALULATED VALUE rightrot of 5,2=16385
To continue press 'y' else press 'n'

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Experiment No: 10(b) Date:

TO CHECK PRIME OR NOT

10 ii). Design and develop a function isprime (x) that accepts an integer
argument and returns 1
if the argument is prime and 0 otherwise. The function must use plain
division checking approach to determine if a given number isprime.
Invoke this function from the main with different values obtained from
the user and print appropriate messages

Algorithm:

ALGM: CHECK PRIME OR NOT [A function isprime (x) that accepts an

integer argument and returns 1 if the argument is prime and 0 otherwise.]

Input : Any integer number (up to 32767)

Output: Is it a prime number or Not

Complexity O(n)
Prime(num)
1 Set i=2
2 while i<=num/2
3 if num mod i = 0
4 print "Not a Prime number" and exit;
5 i=i+1
6 if (i==(num/2)+1)
7 Print "Prime number"

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Flowchart:

start

Enter the value of ‘n’

True false
If(isprime(n))

Print the given number Print the given number

is prime is not prime

stop

Program:
//Function to check the given number is prime or not
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter value of n\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
if(isprime(n));
printf("%d is prime number\n");
else
printf("%d is not a prime number\n") ;
getch();
}

int isprime(int num)

{
int i;
for(i=2;i<= m/2;i++)
{
if(m%i==0)
{

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return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}

Output:

1. Enter value of n
3
3 is prime number

2. Enter value of n
4
4 is not a prime number

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Computer Programming Laboratory 15PCD13 2016-2017

Experiment No: 11 Date:

FACTORIAL OF NUMBER USING RECURSIVE FUNCTION

Draw the flow chart and write a Recursive C function to find the factorial of number n!
defined by fact(n)=1, if n=0, otherwise fact(n)=n*fact(n-1),using this function write a c
program to compute the binomial co-efficient nCr. Tabulate the results for different
values of n and r using suitable messages.
Algorithm:

ALGM: Factorial of number [A recursive C function to find the factorial of number n!

defined by fact(n)=1, if n=0, otherwise fact(n)=n*fact(n-1)]
FUNCTION FACTORIAL (N: INTEGER): INTEGER
(* RECURSIVE COMPUTATION OF N FACTORIAL *)
BEGIN
(* TEST FOR STOPPING STATE *)
IF N <= 0 THEN
FACTORIAL := 1
ELSE
FACTORIAL := N * FACTORIAL(N - 1)
END; (* FACTORIAL *)
Flowchart
start

Enter n, r

res = fact(n)/(fact(n-r)*fact(r))

T F
If n<=0

Return 1 Return fact(n-1)

stop

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Program :
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int fact(int n)
{
if(n==0)
{
return 1;
}
return (n*fact(n-1));
}
int main()
{
int n,r,res;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the value of n and r\n");
scanf("%d%d",&n,&r);
res=fact(n)/(fact(n-r)*fact(r));
printf("The NCR is = %d",res);
getch();
}

Output:
1. Enter the value of n and r
4 2
The NCR is =6
2. Enter the value of n and
7 3
The NCR is =6

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Experiment No: 12 Date:

COPY THE CONTENTS OF FILE

Given two university information files "studentname.txt" and "usn.txt"

that contains students names and USN respectively. Write a C program to a
new file called "output.txt" and copy the content of files "studentname.txt"
and "usn.txt" into output file in the sequence shows below. Display the
content of output file "output.txt" on to the screen.

Note : Students are required to create two files “Studname.txt” and

“Studusn.txt” with the Contents
studname.txt studusn.txt
Amar 1RN10CS005
Suresh 1RN10CS012
Kiran 1RN10CS036
Shashi 1RN10CS072

ALGORITHM:

Input : Create the file fp1,fp2,fp3

Output : Print whether the files are found or not

step1:start

Step2: create the files (fp1,fp2, & fp3)

Step3: while(!feof((fp1)&&!feof(fp2))

Step4:Both files the not created the print the file not found

a). if only one file is created then print files not found.

b).if both files are created the print files are found.

Step5: stop

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FLOWCHART:

start

Create fp1, fp2, fp3

While(!feof(fp1) &&

!feof(fp2))

Both the files are not Both files only one file is

Created are created created

File not found File found File not created

stop

Program
/* Program on merge two files */
#include <stdio.h>
#incude<conio.h>
int main()
{
FILE *fp1,*fp2,*fp3;
char usn[20], name[20];
clrscr();
fp1=fopen("studname.txt", "r");
if(fp1 == NULL)
printf(" File not found");
fp2=fopen("studusn.txt", "r");
if(fp2 == NULL)
printf(" File not found");
fp3=fopen("output.txt","w");
while( !feof(fp1) && !feof(fp2) )
{
fscanf(fp1,"%s",name);
fscanf(fp2,"%s",usn);
fprintf(fp3,"%15s %10s\n", name, usn);
}

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fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
fclose(fp3);
fp3=fopen("output.txt","r");
printf("\n----------------------------\n");
printf(" Name USN \n");
printf("----------------------------\n");
while(!feof(fp3))
{
fscanf(fp3,"%s",name);
fscanf(fp3,"%s \n",usn);
printf("%-15s %10s \n", name,usn);

}
fclose(fp3);
getch();
}

Output:
Name USN

Amar 1RN10CS005
Suresh 1RN10CS001
Kiran 1RN10CS036
Shashi 1RN10CS072

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Experiment No: 13 Date:

STUDENT RECORD USING ARRAY OF STRUCTURES

Write a C program to maintain a record of "n" student details sing an array of

structures with four fields (Roll number, Name, marks, and Grade). Each field is of an
appropriate data type. Print the marks of the student given name as input.

ALGORITHM:

Input: Enter the number of students

Output: print the marks of the student.

Step1: start

Step2: enter the num of students

Step3: if(strcmp(s[i].name, sname==0)

Then

Print the marks of students name & USN

Else

Print the given date is invaid

Step4: stop

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FLOWCHART: start

Enter n

If(strcmp(s[i].name,
sname)==0)

Enter the N=3

details of 3 students Enter the details of 2 students
N=2 Enter the
N=3details of 3 students
but it will not display

stop

Program:
/* program to maintain a record of student using structrue */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct student
{
int rollno, marks;
char name[20], grade;
};
Void main()
{
int i,n,found=0;
struct student s[10];
char sname[20];
clrscr();
printf("Enter the number of student details n=");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\nenter the %d student details \n",i+1);
printf("enter the roll number:");
scanf("%d",&s[i].rollno);

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printf("enter the student name without white spaces:");

scanf("%s", s[i].name);
printf("enter the marks : ");
scanf("%d", &s[i].marks);
printf("enter the grade : ");
fflush(stdin);
scanf("%c",&s[i].grade);
}
printf("\nStudent details are \n");
printf("\nRollno\tName\t\t\tMarks\tGrade\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d\t%s\t\t%d\t%c\n", s[i].rollno, s[i].name, s[i].marks, s[i].grade);
printf("\nEnter the student name to print the marks:");
scanf("%s", sname);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(strcmp(s[i].name,sname)==0)
{
Printf(“\Marks of the student is : %d”,s[i].marks);
found=1;
}
}
if(found ==0)
printf(“ Given student name not found\n”);
getch();
}

Output:
Enter the number of student details n=3

enter the 1 student details

enter the roll number: 100
enter the student name without white spaces:vishwa
enter the marks : 90
enter the grade : A

enter the 2 student details

enter the roll number: 101
enter the student name without white spaces:madhu
enter the marks : 50
enter the grade : B

enter the 3 student details

enter the roll number: 102
enter the student name without white spaces:kiran
enter the marks : 45
enter the grade : C

Dept. of CSE, GCEM, Bangalore Page 52 SEMESTER-I

Computer Programming Laboratory 15PCD13 2016-2017

Roll Name Marks Grad

100 vishwa 90 A

101 madhu 50 B

102 kiran 45 C

Enter the student name to print the marks: madhu

Marks of the student is : 50

Dept. of CSE, GCEM, Bangalore Page 53 SEMESTER-I

Computer Programming Laboratory 15PCD13 2016-2017

Experiment No: 14 Date:

POINTERS

Write a C program using pointers to compute the sum, mean and standard deviation of all
elements stored in an array of n real numbers.

Mean : is the average of the numbers. i.e the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the
number of numbers in the collection
Standard deviation (SD): measures the amount of variation or dispersion from the average. For
a finite set of numbers, the standard deviation is found by taking the square root of the average of
the squared differences of the values from their average value.

ALGORITHM:
ALGM: COMPUTATION OF SUM, MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION [to compute
the sum, mean and standard deviation of all elements stored in an array of n real numbers.]

Input: Enter the n values

Output: print the result for sum, mean, standard deviation

Step 1:start

Step2: Enter the value of n it may be integer or float

Step3: for(i=0; i<n;i++)

Sum=sum+*ptr;

Ptr++;

Mean=sum/n;

Ptr=a;

For(i=0;i<n;i++)

Sumstd=sumstd+pow((*ptr-mean),2);

Ptr++;

Step4:print the result for sum,mean,&stddev

Step5:stop

Dept. of CSE, GCEM, Bangalore Page 54 SEMESTER-I

Computer Programming Laboratory 15PCD13 2016-2017

FLOWCHART:

start

enter n

for(i=0; i<n; i++)

Enter the values Enter the values
in integers in floating point

Print the result in Print the result in floating

integer(sum, mean, sumstd) point(sum, mean, sumstd)

stop

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float a[10], *ptr, mean, std, sum=0, sumstd=0;
int n,i;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the no of elements\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the array elements\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%f",&a[i]);
}
ptr=a;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
sum=sum+ *ptr;
ptr++;
}
mean=sum/n;
ptr=a;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{

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Computer Programming Laboratory 15PCD13 2016-2017

sumstd=sumstd + pow((*ptr - mean),2);

ptr++;
}
std= sqrt(sumstd/n);
printf("Sum=%.3f\t",sum);
printf("Mean=%.3f\t",mean);
printf("Standard deviation=%.3f\t",std);
getch();
}

Output:
Enter the no of elements
5
Enter the array elements
5 3 9 8 7
Sum=32.000
Mean=6.400
Standard deviation=2.154

Dept. of CSE, GCEM, Bangalore Page 56 SEMESTER-I