NAME: Emerson A.

Olayres

COURSE & YEAR: 2BSN2

MODULE NUMBER: 1

MODULE TITLE: SCHOLASTIC ETHICS: WHY SHOULD I BE MORAL?

AUTHOR: JERAHMEEL C. CLERIGO

Activity 2:
Pre-Test

You will be presented 10 True or False statements. Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is False in
the space provided for. Answer each with your own understanding of the statement. This is simply to gauge your
level of understanding of the concepts presented. Answer honestly. This is not a graded activity.

1. Ethics is morality. F
2. The idea of the good is relative. F
3. Religious views are our best source of moral norms. T
4. The idea of the good is universal. T
5. We are divided by our moral views. T
6. What is good for someone may be bad for some. T
7. We decide on the morality of our actions depending on the circumstances or situations. T
8. The purpose or reason of the act justifies the nature of our actions. T
9. What is good, as objective, is absolute. F
10. What is bad is evil. T

Please keep your answers. We will go back to this activity towards the end of the module. We shall proceed to the
content part of the module. You will be given responsibility to watch the video, read the text, and study the
PowerPoint Presentation on your own.

Essential Questions

1. What is ethics?
Ethics, often known as moral philosophy, is concerned with what is beneficial for people and society.
Systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior are all part of it.
2. What makes an act good or bad?
If our actions are for the benefit of others, then they are good. However, if they are harmful to any, they're
bad. We can say an act is right or wrong because it is a specific type of act, or because it follows certain
principles or norms, or because it has positive or negative effects.
3. Is it really possible for humanity to articulate universal/absolute/standard principles of/for morality?
 No, there is no such thing as universal morality, and it's shocking that this issue is still being asked in the
twenty-first century.
4. What makes a human act a moral act?
Moral acts are those that show the good or evil in the person who performs them. Moral action involves
taking the steps required to turn the intention to do the right thing into reality. Moral ownership, moral
efficacy, and moral bravery are all examples of this.

Activity 4.2:

Process Questions

4.1 Philosophy, Ethics, and the Ethical Question

1. What is the ethical question?

The terms ought and should are used or inferred in moral dilemmas. They need assessing opposing
moral choices and problems, as well as a range of viable solutions, each with its own set of tough or
problematic qualities.

2. What is the implication (i.e. impact) of the ethical question?

It refers to the consequences of doing a certain action or making a particular decision. The ethical
consequences of any activity are that these ethical considerations are considered. However, one must
consider if an observer's eyes are ethical criteria, such as attractiveness.

4.2 Human Action: Its Nature and Modifiers

1. What makes a human act a human act?

A human act is described as a free decision made by a man, that is, an act done in some way under the
control or direction of the will that he believes is acceptable to him. As a result, human action might be
classified as a voluntary decision or act.

2. How are human actions modified?

Humans have a negative impact on the environment in a variety of ways, including overcrowding,
pollution, and deforestation. Changes in this type of behavior have resulted in climate change, land
erosion, poor air quality, and other concerns. While these changes have an immediate impact on the
local environment, due to the interconnectedness of Earth's systems, they also have an impact on
habitats far away.

4.3 Norms of Morality

1. Why is there a need for norms governing moral actions?

People share a set of social and moral ideas, ranging from worldly small chat to the most essential
behavior that determines whether we damage or aid others. It is the same thing that everyone has. As a
result, rules are critical for determining the efficiency and efficacy of social networks.

2. How do norms govern morality?

 Instructions:
Choose only ten (10) moral issues. Decide
whether each issue is good or bad. Provide
reason (justification) for your judgment.
Moral principles are taught in children by their parents, teachers, religion, society, and work
environment. Moral norms are a subset of social norms in that they control actions that have both good
and negative consequences for the self and others.

3. Why law is considered a higher norm than conscience?

Law has evolved to signify more than just being aware of what is right and wrong, or being aware of
one's own moral goodness or blameworthiness. It indicates that what residents are susceptible to fines
or legal repercussions must be observed and comply with by law.

4. Which prevails if there is a conflict between the ecclesiastical law and the civil law?

Divorce proceedings are surprisingly common in religious courts, such as those administered by
Christian and Hindu law. If you disagree, you are free to follow religious law until it results in a criminal
violation. In business contracts, a governing law provision is frequently used, especially when the parties
are from different nations.

4.4 Determinants of Morality

1. How do we determine the morality of a human act?

Since many external and internal elements influence the morality of a human act, it is seen as a difficult
task. Most moralists think that three variables must be balanced in order to assess the goodness or
badness of every particular human act, and that any act gets its morality from these three criteria.

2. How do we apply these determinants?

For me I'll just focusing on the determinants like the object, conditions, and aim. My morals will
highlight the correctness and incorrectness of my acts as a result of having this. It enables me to
perceive the distinctiveness of morality.

4.5 Special Questions or Moral Praxis

1. How can we ascertain the nature of morality of human action?

Ethics have to first perceive the purpose or reason of human acts earlier than judging their morality. The
goal or reason of a motion is the cause why a person plays it. Some human movements can be used to
attain quite a few short- and long-time period goals.

2. How do we apply principles of Scholastic Ethics in varying human situations?

We can achieve this via way of means of sharing with humanity the concept that scholasticism,
philosophic systems, and hypothesis of various Christian medieval philosophers looking for to clear
up new well known philosophical problems, operating in opposition to a history of set faith that we
making use of the precept of it.

Activity 5: Performance Task

MORAL JUSTIFICATION FOR THE

MORAL ISSUES JUDGMENT JUDGMENT GIVEN
 (Good or Bad) (Based on Determinants of
Morality)
Death Penalty Bad  I recognize and comprehend
the sentiments of families
that kill their loved ones, but
the prisoner suffers greatly
as a result of the death
penalty. Despite being the
most "humane" and
commonly utilized
procedure, lethal injection
has the highest rate of
mistake. When injections go
awry, a prisoner's death
might take a long time.
Chemical burns and other
injuries were discovered
during post-mortem
examinations.
Abortion Bad Morally it is unfair to kill
humans especially a fetus.
It's unfairly deprives victims
of future life of a fetus.
Doctor-Assisted Suicide Bad We learned in a previous
lesson that humans are
made in God's image and
likeness, and so have
inherent worth or value that
transcends all
costs. Euthanasia would only
make moral sense if it were
ethically possible to claim
that this dignity had been
lost.
To carry out euthanasia is to
act with the intention of
killing someone.
Extrajudicial Executions Bad It was unethical and
immoral. Every life serves a
purpose. No matter how bad
we think they are, their lives
still matter.it is not a
sufficient reason to take
someone's life. We owe our
lives to God and He's the
only has the authority to take
them away to all of us.
Suicide Bad Even though it was ethically
permissible, it was morally
wrong. Suicide is not
 inherently terrible, but it is
hard for the family of the
suicidal person if he commits
suicide.
Teenage Pregnancy Bad Adolescent pregnancy
continues to be a significant
cause of mother and child
death. Pregnancy and
delivery complications are
the main cause of mortality
among females aged 15 to
19.
Watching Pornography Bad Porn is neither ethically good
nor bad as an abstract
concept. Teenagers are also
not strictly prohibited from
seeing it. It is against the law
for an adult to show minor
pornography, and watching
or spreading child porn is
and should be prohibited.
However, it is extremely
harmful to one's mental
health and relationships.
Both women and men can
develop sexual dysfunction
as a result of watching too
much porn and masturbating
regularly.
Contraception Use Bad Contraception is morally
wrong or immoral, according
to the Church, since it
contradicts the essential
purpose and essence of
human sexuality, among
other things.
Sex between Teenagers Bad It was also morally
wrong, teens should obey
the norms that sex should be
done at the appropriate time
and age.
Sex between Unmarried Man and Woman Good I can argue that it was
ethically acceptable or good
because when you have sex
with other people, you
should always be single or
unmarried and ready to
commit.
Divorce Good It was great because even
though couples love each
 other when they marry, life is
difficult and if you have an
issue or a problem with each
other, you should be
separated in accordance
with the law.
Having a Baby outside Marriage Good Yes, you can have a baby
even without being married.
Similarly, there are couples
who are married who choose
to never have kids or who
choose to adopt their
children. People can plan to
never have kids and then
suddenly have them.
Married Men and Women having an Affair Bad It's a morally bad because
you're both promised in
church that you'll love each
other, be loyal, and faithful.
Polygamy Bad Since my faith instructs
me to marry just one person,
everything will reset to the
start if I seek divorce.
however in some
religions,polygamy is a
prevalent practice.
Homosexual Relations Good It was normal and we must
appreciate others who like
this moment.
Same Sex Marriage Good Some western cultures think
that same-sex marriage is
moral, and it's legal in some
country. In addition to that,
we have all freedom to
love and live happily.
Gambling Cussing Good Majority of people said
gambling is morally
acceptable and gambling
itself is not morally bad. For
many people, gambling is
harmless fun, it can just
become a problem if you
become addicted to it, and it
may harm your psychological
and physical health.
Alcoholism Good Good if we drink just right
and moderately. Alcohol
consumption might impact
our empathy by making us
react improperly to the
 feelings and responses of
other people, but it does not
necessarily change our
moral standards or the
principles we use to
differentiate between right
and what is wrong.
Smoking Marijuana Bad Here in our country, it’s really
bad and forbidden. But in
other countries especially in
western countries it’s okay to
smoke marijuana. Marijuana
also used for medication.
Medical marijuana, also
called medical cannabis are
used to treatment diseases,
relieve serious and chronic
symptoms.
Cloning Humans Bad Human cloning, according to
most experts, will result in
significantly higher failure
rates. Cloning had a poor
success rate, as well as an
increased chance of major
genetic defects, cancer, or a
shorter viable clone's
lifespan, making it unethical.
Medical Research using Stem Cells obtained from Human Embryos Good Stem cell research offers
great promise for
understanding basic
mechanisms of human
development and
differentiation, as well as the
hope for new treatments for
diseases such as diabetes,
spinal cord injury,
Parkinson's disease, and
myocardial infarction.
Buying and Wearing Clothing made of Animal Fur Bad We should stop buying or
use fur clothing since it is
cruel and unnecessary.
Animals are enslaved,
abused, tortured, and
exposed to toxic chemicals,
which have a negative
impact on human health and
ecosystems.
Cloning Animals Bad It is ethically wrong since
animals have their own lives
to live.
 LEARNING SKILLS
With Not Sure A Little Bit
Confidence Though Confused
State the ethical question 
Determine the nature of human action 
Explain the principles on modifiers 
Discuss the principles on norms of morality 
Elucidate principles on determinants
Apply moral principles in human situations 