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Introduction to Enterprise Architecture o Availability of technology
Enterprise Architecture o Business process
Architecture is the art and science of designing complex structures, which • External Drivers – These pertain to the business and IT strategies and
involves fundamental concepts or properties of a system in its environment, standards.
embodied in its elements, relationships, and in the principles of its design and Examples:
evolution (Lankhorst, 2017). It is a strategic instrument in guiding an o Regulatory frameworks
organization through a planned course of development. o Government laws
o Industry and technological standards
Enterprise is a collection of organizations that has a common set of goals,
objectives, and/or a single targeted outcome.
Related Governance in Enterprise Architecture
Enterprise architecture is a coherent collection of principles, methods, and • Strategic Management – It is the identification, selection, and
models that are used in the design and realization of an enterprise’s implementation of an organization’s long-term goals and objectives
organizational structure, business processes, information systems, and (Association for Project Management, n.d.).
infrastructure (Lankhorst, 2017). o Balanced Scorecard (BSC) – This is a management system that
helps an enterprise to clarify and implement its vision and
strategy. BSC suggests viewing an enterprise from four (4)
Overview of Enterprise Architecture Process
perspectives:
1. Customer perspective
2. Financial perspective
3. Internal business process perspective
4. Learning and growth perspective.
• Business Model Development – It is the development of a model that
identifies the products or services the business will sell, the target market
it has identified, and the expenses it anticipates (Kopp, 2019).
o Business Model Canvas – This is a template in creating high-
level descriptions of new or existing business models. It consists
the following elements: value propositions, key activities, key
resources, key partners, customer segments, customer
relationships, channels, cost structure, and revenue streams.
These are laid out in a user-friendly and intuitive manner.
Figure 1. Enterprise architecture process
• Business Architecture – This is a blueprint of an enterprise that provides
a common organizational understanding and is used to align strategic
According to Lankhorst (2017), the architecture process is composed of
objectives and tactical demands (Lankhorst, 2017). This also provides a
steps that originate from an idea, which are analyzed and designed,
business-oriented abstraction of the enterprise in an ecosystem which
implemented as an operational system, and managed for maintenance
translates strategies into actions.
and updates.
• Quality Management – It is the act of overseeing different activities and
• Internal Drivers – These pertain to the organizational and IT infrastructure
tasks within an organization to ensure that the products and services
and processes.
offered, as well as the means used to achieve them, are effective in
Examples:
achieving and maintaining the desired level of quality within an
o Vision and mission of an organization
organization (Corporate Finance Institute, n.d.).
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• IT Governance and Support – It involves the processes that ensure the - Provides instruments that enable enterprise architecture to describe,
effective and efficient use of information technology in enabling an analyze, and visualize the relationships among different business
organization to achieve its goals (Gartner, Inc., n.d.). domains
o Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology - A common language for describing the construction and operation of
(COBIT) – It is an internationally accepted IT control framework business processes, organizational structure, information flows, IT
that provides organizations with a set of “good practices” that systems, and technical infrastructures
helps in implementing an IT governance structure throughout an
organization. Symbolic and Semantic Models
o Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) – This is • Symbolic Model – This model expresses the properties of a system
the most widely accepted set of best practices in the IT service architecture using symbols that refer to reality.
delivery domain, which is composed of series of documents giving • Semantic Model – This model interprets the meaning of each symbol in
guidance on the provision of good IT services, including the a symbolic model.
facilities that need IT support, in a process-oriented approach.
• IT Implementation – It involves the process of combining the developed
software or application with the other management and engineering
processes (Lankhorst, 2017).
o Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) – This is a model
that provides numerous guidelines for assessing the maturity of
an organization and the improvements needed in various process
areas to proceed from one level to the next.
These are the five (5) maturity levels of CMMI:
1. Initial – Processes are usually impromptu and chaotic.
2. Managed – Processes are planned, performed,
measured, and controlled.
3. Defined – Processes are defined in terms of standards,
procedures, tools, and methods.
4. Quantitatively Managed – Quantitative objectives for
quality and process performance are established and References:
used as criteria in managing process. Association for Project Management. (n.d.). Strategic management. Retrieved from
5. Optimizing – Processes are continuously improved in the https://www.apm.org.uk/body-of-knowledge/context/setting/strategic-management/ on
October 23, 2019
technological aspect of the organization. Corporate Finance Institute. (n.d.). What is quality management. Retrieved from
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/strategy/quality-management/
ArchiMate Language on October 23, 2019
Gartner Glosarry. (n.d.). It Governance (itg). Retrieved form
• ArchiMate Specification (The Open Group, n.d.) https://www.gartner.com/en/information-technology/glossary/it-governance on October 23,
- A standard developed by The Open Group 2019
- An open and independent modeling language for an enterprise Kopp, C. (2019, April 20). Business model. In Investopedia. Retrieved from
architecture that is supported by different tool vendors and consulting https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/businessmodel.asp on October 23, 2019
Lankhorst, M. et al. (2017). Enterprise architecture at work modeling, communication and
firms analysis (4th ed.). Berlin, Germany: Springer Nature
The Open Group. (n.d.). The ArchiMate enterprise architecture modeling language. Retrieved
from https://www.opengroup.org/archimate-forum/archimate-overview on October 24, 2019
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