11

Organization and
Management
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Planning: Planning
Techniques and Tools and
their Application and
Decision-making.
Organization and Management– Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 6:Planning: Planning: Planning Techniques and Tools and their
Applications and Decision-making.
First Edition, 2020

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Writers: Liezl G. Camia
Editors:
Reviewers: Lito S. Adanza, Ph.D.
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Layout Artist
Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza
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E-mail Address: [email protected].
 11

Organization
and Management
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Planning:Planning Techniques
and Tools and their Application
and Decision-making

SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Organization and Management Grade 11 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on

Planning: Planning Techniques and Tools and their Applications and Decision-making!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public
and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities
at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st
century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to
keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore,
you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

5
For the learner:

Welcome to the Organization and Management- Grade 11 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on

Planning: Planning Techniques and Tools and their Applications and Decision-making!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill,
action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in
this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully
achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies
in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the
learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.
The following
are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a
separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the
module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the Planning:
Planning Techniques and Tools and their Applications and Decision-making. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook
you are now using.

The module discusses the topic on:

• Lesson 4 – Planning Techniques and Tools and their Applications
• Lesson 5 - Decision-making
After going through this module, you are expected to: Apply appropriate planning techniques and
tools in business decision-making. (ABM-AOM11-la-b-3)

Specifically, you should be able to:

1. discuss decision-making;
2. apply effective decision making in business situation;

What I Know

Let us determine how much you already know about planning techniques and tools and the
decision-making process. Are you ready now?
Let’s answer this!

Instruction: Read the questions and encircle the letter of your answer.
1. What planning techniques includes the people who will be affected by the plans and those who
will be asked to help implement them in planning steps?
a. contingency planning c. benchmarking
b. forecasting d. participatory planning
2. Which of the planning technique generally involves in external comparison of a company’s
practices and technologies with those of other companies?
a. benchmarking c. forecasting
b. scenario planning d. contingency planning
3. What do you do after analysing the alternatives?
a. implement the chosen alternative c. evaluate decision effectiveness
b. select an alternative d. develop alternatives

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4. Which planning techniques predict what may happen in the future?
a. participatory planning c. benchmarking
b. scenario planning d. forecasting
5. What planning techniques identifies alternative courses of action when unexpected happens or
when things go wrong?
a. scenario planning c. benchmarking
b. contingency plan d. forecasting
6. What type of forecasting techniques relies on opinions of the prominent economist?
a. qualitative forecasting c. seasonal component
b. quantitative forecasting d. irregular component
7. What type of forecasting techniques are based on mathematical calculations and statistical
analyses of survey /researches?
a. qualitative forecasting c. trend projection
b. quantitative forecasting d. linear regression
8. Which benchmarking technique used by other organization that enable to achieve
superior performance?
a. external benchmarking c. scenario planning
b. internal benchmarking d. forecasting
9. Which benchmarking technique used by organization to encourage all employees working in
different work units to learn and improve by sharing one’s another best practices?
a. internal benchmarking c. forecasting
b. external benchmarking d. contingency planning
10. What is the first step in decision making process?
a. establish priorities c. establish specific goals and objectives
b. identify the problem d. determine courses of problem
11. Which process that begin with problem identification and ends with the evaluation of
implemented solutions?
a. forecasting c. decision making
b. trigger point d. benchmarking
12. A restaurant customer complains about the dirty utensils the waiter given him. This is a:
a. non programmed decision c programmed decision
b. crisis decision d. problem decision
13. A hotel manager is asked to make decision regarding the building of a new hotel branch in
another city to meet the demands of businessmen there. This is a:
a. non programmed decision c. crisis decision
b. programmed decision d. problem decision
14. The following are the steps in decision making process except for:
a. select alternatives c. list payoffs
b. implement the chosen alternatives d. evaluate the decision effectivenes
15. What type of decision process that is repetitive and can be handled using a routine
approach?
a. certainty conditions c. unstructured decision
b. structured decision d. uncertainty decision

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 Planning: Planning
Lesson
Techniques and Tools and
4 their Applications and
Decision-making

Hello future managers! Decision-making is vital to an organization’s success. There are countless
decision that are taken by managers and employees in day-to-day life. So, what does a good
decision be like, how is it made, how can organization stand for to make certain creative solutions
are generated by their team members? But what kind of techniques and tools do organizations
implement to make good decisions? What are the problems/issues and how can a good decision
give an organization an edge on the competition?

In this module, you will apply appropriate planning techniques and tools in business decision-
making. In preparation to that you will be experienced through discussion of our lesson. Get started.

What’s In

To get started with this module, let’s recall your understanding about planning concepts in business
success. Can you recall?
Activity 1: “Think it again”
Instruction: Read the questions and arrange the scrambled letters to describe the complete word
meaning of the planning terms in the box provided. Write your answer on the space provided.
__________________1. What process that involves the setting of organization’s goals,
establishing strategies for accomplishing those goals, and developing
plans of action or means that managers intend to use to achieve
organizational goals?

N L G N P I N A

__________________2. What is the identification of targets or desired ends that management

wants to reach?

O L I G T G S T N A E

___________________3. What type of plan that establish the organization’s overall goals and
apply to the entire firm; they are broad in scope and are the

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 responsibility of the organization’s President or Chief Operating Officer,
and several managers?

R T S L T A G I E P A C N

__________________4. What mental image of the organization will be in the future, as desired
by the company management and employees?

I S O N V I

__________________5. What steps needed in order to attain desired ends?

T V E E C O I B J S

Notes to the Teacher

Teacher facilitates an activity that enables learners to use previously

taught lesson.

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 What’s New

In the previous lesson we learned so much about planning, the first management
function, now you will be experiencing more about integral part of modern
management. To get started with this module, let me connect you to the different
learning activities that this module will bring you. So let’s go!

Activity 2. Think and decide!

Instruction: Read this case study entitled: Plastics Products and answer the
questions that follows.
Miss Jovina Buenaarte was thirty-six years old way back 2003 when she first started
plastic products. She made up her mind to operate this kind of business when her
friend, a plastic maker, complained about the unavailability of plastic products in
the area which are standard quality. Those that are locally made do not conform to
the requirements set by various users.
With a 50,000 starting capital, Miss Buenaarte proceeded to produce plastic
products as bags kitchen utensils. She personally supervised the mixing of the
necessary materials for productions. Because of good quality control, her products
surpassed the requirements of buyers. Her sales increased considerably even if her
selling prices are little higher than those of competitors.
The firm soon grew into a multi-million pesos operations. The number of her
employees increased to about a hundred with five assigned to administration and
the rest eithers as drivers or laborers. Her market covered the entire province of
Laguna
Miss Buenaarte’s success happened right before the eyes of her administrative staff,
which since then, had the impression that success is not a hard thing to achieve.
It was at this time that Miss Buenaarte tried her hand in the appliance business,
where she became quite successful. However, she neglected her plastic product
business and soon her employees resigned after the other. After leaving the firm, her
production assistant, Mr. Noel Dela Cruz, made attempts to duplicate the feat of his
former boss in the plastic products manufacturing.
Ms.Buenaarte was not successful, however, and she is now in deep thought
considering what her next move should be.

Processing Questions:
Instruction: Write your answers on the space provided.

1. What are the problems or challenges encountered by Miss Buenaarte on her

business?

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2. What are the steps that she can do in order to solve the business problem?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. What lesson in the story that could help us to become effective in planning and
decision-making in an organization?
____ __________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

What is It

For effective planning in today’s dynamic environments, different techniques and

tools must be used such as forecasting, contingency planning, scenario planning,
benchmarking and participatory planning.
Forecasting according to Schermerhorn (2008) is an attempt to
predict what may happen in the future .All planning types, without exception, make
use of forecasting. Business periodicals publish forecasts such as employment and
unemployment rates, increase or decrease of interest rates, stock market data,
GNP/GDP data, and others. Forecast used either be quantitative or qualitative.

• Opinions of prominent economist are used in qualitative forecast while

mathematical calculations and statistical analyses of surveys /researchers
are used in quantitative forecast.

These, however, are just aids to planning and must be treated with cautions. As the
name implies, forecast are predictions and may be inaccurate, at times, due to
errors of human judgment.

Contingency factors may offer alternatives course of action when the unexpected
happen or when things go wrong. Contingency plan must be prepared by managers,
ready for implementation when things do not turn out as they should be.
Contingency factors called “trigger points” indicate when the prepared alternative
plan should be implemented.

Trigger point-change in an attribute, condition, factor, parameter, or value that

represents crossing a threshold and actuates or initiates a mechanism or reaction
that may lead to radically different states of affairs.

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Meanwhile, planning for future states of affairs is a long-term version of contingency
planning and is also known as scenario planning. Several future states of affairs
must be identified and alternative plans must be prepared to meet the changes and
challenges in the future. This is a big help for organization because it allows them to
plan ahead and make necessary adjustments in their strategies and operations.
Some examples of changes or challenges that may arise in the future scenario are
environmental pollution, human rights violations, climate and weather changes,
earthquake damages to communities, and others.

Figure 3.4 Some organization use a Gantt chart to properly schedule production
process and allocate resources.

Benchmarking, another planning technique that generally involves external

comparison of a company’s practices and technologies with those of other
companies. Its main purpose is to find out what other people and organization as
well and then how to incorporate these practices into the company’s operations.
 A common benchmarking technique is to search for best practices used
by other organizations that enable them to achieve superior
performance. This is also known as external benchmarking.
 Internal benchmarking is also practiced by some organizations when
they encourage all their employees working in their different work of
units to learn and improve by sharing one another’s best practices.

The final step, continue to monitor and repeat the entire benchmarking process on
regular basis. This will insure that the company stays at the foremost and does not
lag behind the competition.

Participatory planning which refers to planning process that includes the people
who will be affected by the plans and those who will be asked to implement them in
all planning steps. Creativity, increased acceptance and understating of plans, and
commitment to the success of plans are the positive results of this planning
technique.

All managers and the workers /employees in organizations make decision or make
choices that affect their jobs and the organization they work for. This lesson’s focus
on how they make decision by going through eight steps in decision making process.

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Decision–making- is a process which begins with a problem identification and
ends with the evaluation of implemented solution.

 The Decision-making Process according to Robbins and Coulter

Step1: Identify the Problem.

The problem may be defined as a puzzling circumstances or a
discrepancy between an existing and desired condition.

Step 2: Identify the Decision Criteria.

These are important or relevant to resolving the identified
problem.

Step 3: Allocate Weighs to the Criteria.

This is done in order to give the decision maker the correct
priority in making the decision.

Step 4: Develop Alternatives.

This step requires the decision to list down possible alternatives
that could help resolve the identified problem.

Step 5: Analyze the Alternatives.

Alternatives must be carefully evaluated by the decision maker
using the criteria identified in Step 2.

Step 6: Select an Alternatives.

This is the process of choosing the best alternatives or the one
which has the highest total points in Step 5.

Step 7: Implement the Chosen Alternative.

This step puts the decision into action. Changes in the
environment must be observed and assessed, especially in case

Step 8: Evaluate Decision Effectiveness.

This is the last step and involves the evaluation of the outcome or
result of the decision to see if the problem still exists, the manager
has to assess what went wrong, if needed, repeat a step or the
whole process.

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A decision is a choice among possible alternative actions. Like planning decision-
making is a challenge and requires careful consideration for both types of decisions;
namely:
• Structured or programmed decision- a decision that is repetitive and can
be handled using a routine approach.
Such repetitive decision applies to resolving structured problems which are
straightforward, familiar, and easily defined. For example, a restaurant customer
complains about the dirty utensils the waiter has given him. This is not an unusual
situation, and therefore, standardized solutions to such a problem may be readily
available.
• Unstructured or nonprogrammed decision- applied to the resolution of the
problem that are new or usual, or which information is incomplete.

Such nonprogrammed decisions are described to be unique, nonrecurring and need

customs-made decision. For example, a hotel manager is asked to make decision
regarding the building of a new hotel branch in another city to meet the demands of
business there. This is an unstructured problem, and therefore needs unstructured
or nonprogrammed decision to resolve it.

The Decision-making condition are classified into Certainty and Risk or uncertainty
conditions. Let us discuss each type of Decision-making conditions.

• Certainty conditions-ideal conditions in deciding problems; these are

situation in which a manager can make precise decisions because the results
of all alternatives are known.

For example, bank interest are made to known to clients so it is easier for business
managers to decide on the problem of where to deposit their company’s fund. The
bank which offers the highest interest rate, therefore, is the obvious choice of the
manager when asked to make decision.

• Risk or uncertainty conditions- a common conditions in deciding a

problems. This condition compel the decision maker to do estimates regarding
the possible occurrence of certain outcomes that may affect his or her chosen
solution to a problem. Historical data from his or her own experiences and
other secondary information may be used as bases for decision to be made by
the decision under such risk conditions.

For example, manager is asked to invest some of their company funds in the money
market offered by a financial institution. Risk factors must be considered, because
of the uncertainty conditions involved, before making a decision-whether to invest
or not in the said money market.

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 What’s More

Now, let us practice what you have learned from the lesson. We will have
another activity.
Challenge your memory (if you still remember what you have learned from
the discussion) by doing this activity.

Instruction: Read and write your answers on the space provided.

1. What are the useful planning tools and techniques that are currently used in many
organization? Define each
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which is a better planning tool: forecasting or benchmarking? Explain your answer
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why are “trigger points” important in contingency plans?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Name some examples of changes or challenges, other than those mentioned in the
lesson that may occur in future scenarios.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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5. Compare the two types of decision-making conditions. Do you agree with the
statement that risk conditions in decision-making are more common?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
6. Why is it easier to make a structured or programmed decision?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3. Case Study: Tamayo Beauty Salon

After finishing a cosmetology with hair culture in 2005 at the Ricky and David
School of Beauty in Sta. Rosa City, Miss Rosemarie Tamayo decided to put up a
salon business. Miss Tamayo worked with a local beauty parlor. In charge of income,
her efforts made a significant contribution to the improvement of the salon’s gross
avenue.

After two years, she thought that her career was at the dead-end, so she moved to a
new business, she put up a new business such as massage and spa in the same
locality.

Her new line of business give her a chance to meet prominent family in the
community. This exposed her to the entrepreneurial spirit prevalent among local
business persons. She witnessed how simple-looking folks became prosperous in a
short period.

Miss Tamayo thought that she had a better chances in massage and spa business.
After three years, the firm’s average monthly sales were P150, 000.00 .Except for the
manual labor provided by her three hairdresser, Miss Tamayo was personally
handling every facet of the spa and massage activity, from purchasing raw materials
to actual delivery of service to the customers.

In spite of her initial success, Miss Tamayo dreamed of running a bigger place. She
thought that if she would have to grow, she must increase her output in terms of
market share. It was very timely because the customer were already complaining
about the very limited hairdresser and massagers. As if to add to her burden, a friend
from a nearby town asked if she can offer a franchise.

The foregoing development led Miss Tamayo to consider hiring more persons.
However, she was at a loss on what exact assistance she wanted, making her
recruitment activities a little difficult.
Try to answer these questions to check how you understand the case study.

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1. What is the recent problem of Miss Rosemarie Tamayo on her business?

_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. What recommendations can you offer to Miss Tamayo in terms of Planning Tools
and Techniques?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

3. How these decision- making process able to address the recent problem that
Miss Tamayo is facing?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
4. Identify alternatives to resolve the problem of Miss Tamayo.

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 What I Have Learned

It’s time to connect the learnings into one.

Activity 4: Fill in!

Instruction: Fill the space with word(s) to complete our learning for this module.
Planning Techniques and Tools are used by the ________to help effectively plan and
manage various type of business operations. These techniques and tools are
intended to guide the organization in ____________, analysis and
_______________processes.

_______________is the act of making a choice among available alternatives. There are
countless decisions that are taken in day-to-day life. In business undertakings,
decision is taken at every ______.It is also regarded as one of the ________ functions
of management. Decision-making is possible when there are two or more __________to
solve a single problem or difficulty. It is believed that _____________ without decision
is a man without backbone. Therefore, decision-making is a problem-solving
approach by ___________a specific course of ____________ among various alternatives.

What I Can Do

Now, let’s apply what you have learned. You can do this activity
Activity 5: “Business Report”

Instruction: Choose a business organization where your residence is located then

identify one problem of the company which involves decision-making and use it as a
basis to write a business report. Solve your identified problem by going through the
eight of the decision-making process.

10
Write
Here!

11
 Assessment

Congratulations! You continually improve. Let’s test what you have learned from
our lesson. Now, I want you to read the instruction carefully and answer each
number correctly.

Instruction: Arrange and Match the definition/meaning to its correct terminology by

writing the letter in the blank box.
Sample:

Terminologies Definitions/Meaning Write your

answer here
1. Manager A. One who possesses good C
leadership qualities or a
combination of a good moral
character, strong professional
will, humility that builds
enduring greatness, and
commands loyalty and respect
among subordinates.
2. Leader B. One who is capable of A
maintaining unity of action in the
organization.
3. Liaison C. An individual engage in B
management activities such as
supervising, sustaining,
upholding, and assuring
responsibilities for the work of
others in his/her work group,
team, department, on the
organization in general.

If you’re ready, you can now answer.

Terminologies Definitions/Meaning Write your answer

here
1. Select an A. Benchmarking technique used by
alternative organization to encourage all
employees working in different work
units to learn and improve by sharing
one’s another best practices.

2. Identify the B Forecasting techniques relies on

problem opinions of the prominent economist

12
3. Quantitative C. A process that begin with problem
forecasting identification and ends with the
evaluation of implemented solutions.

4. Internal D. A type of decision process that is

Benchmarking repetitive and can be handled using
a routine approach.

5. External E. This is the process of choosing the best

benchmarking alternative.

6. Risk or F. Ideal conditions in deciding problem, a

uncertainty manager can make precise decision
condition because result of all alternatives are
known.

7. Certainty G. A benchmarking technique used to

conditions search for best practices used by other
organization that enable to achieve
superior performance.

8. Structured H. It is the first step in decision making

decision process.

9. Qualitative I. A forecasting techniques based on

forecasting mathematical calculations and statistical
analyses of survey /researches.
10. Decision J. It is a more common conditions
making in deciding a problem. Conditions
compel the decision maker to do
estimates regarding the possible
occurrences of certain outcomes.

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 Instruction : Identify the following techniques and tools used in organization.
Choose your answer from the given choices inside the box. Write answer on the
space provided.

Forecasting Contingency plan Participatory planning

Benchmarking Scenario planning

____________1. It involves planning for future states of affairs in a long-term version

of contingency planning.

____________ 2. Includes in all planning steps, the people who will be affected by the
plans and who will be asked to implement them.

_____________3. It is a technique uses external comparison of a company’s practices

and technologies with those of other companies.
_____________4. It identifies alternative courses of action when unexpected happens
or when things go wrong.
_____________5. It is the process of predicting what will happen in the future.

Additional Activities

Congratulations! You made it until the end of our lesson. I know you’ve learned so
much about planning the Decision making process. Now, for your additional
activities, do this tasks at home.

Instruction: Read and write your answers on the space provided.

1. Give at least five business forecasts that may occur here in the Philippines three
years from now. Use either qualitative or quantitative forecasting.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Give your own examples of decision making under risk or uncertainty

conditions.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

14
Rubric for Essay

Criteria 5 3 2 1
Content Essay has Central idea is Unable to find Essay had no
specific central unclear; specific central ideas or
idea that is somewhat supporting supporting
clearly stated sketchy and details. details
opening of the non-supportive
paragraph: to the topic;
appropriate, lacks focus
concrete details
support the
central idea and
show originality
and focus
Organization Essay is logically Essay Central point Ideas were
organized and somewhat and flow of unorganized and
well-structured. digresses from essay is lost; unclear; no
Critical thinking the central lacks particular flow
skills are evident ideas. organization was followed.
and continuity
Style Writing is Sentences are Lacks Writing is
smooth, varied and creativity and confusing, hard
coherent, and inconsistent focus. to follow.
consistent with with central
central idea. idea.

Mechanics No grammatical, Almost no A few Many

spelling or grammatical, grammatical, grammatical
punctuation spelling and spelling or spelling, or
errors. punctuation punctuation punctuation
errors. errors. errors.

15
Rubric for Business Report

Criteria 5 4 3 1
Amount of All topics are All topics are Most topics are One or more topics
information addressed fully. addressed addressed. are not addressed.
adequately.
Mechanics No grammatical, Almost no A few Many grammatical
spelling or grammatical, grammatical, spelling, or
punctuation spelling and spelling or punctuation errors.
errors. punctuation punctuation
errors. errors.
Quality of information Information Information Information Information has no
clearly relates to clearly clearly relates to little or nothing to
main topic. It relates to the main topic. do with the main
includes several the main No details and/ topic.
supporting topic. It or examples are
details and or provides 1-2 given.
examples supporting
details and
or/examples.
Paragraph All paragraphs Most Paragraph Paragraphing
Construction include paragraphs included related structures was not
introductory include information but clear and
sentence, introductory were typically sentences were not
explanations or sentence, not constructed typically related
details, and explanations well within the
concluding or details, paragraph.
sentence. and
concluding
sentences.
Required Elements Report includes All required All but 1 of the Several required
all required elements required elements were
elements as are included elements is missing.
well as in the report. included in the
additional report.
information.

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What’s In What I Know
1. Planning 1. D 9. A
2. Goal setting 2. A 10. B
3. Strategic 3. B 11. C
plan 4. D 12. C
4. Vision 5. B 13. A
5. Objectives 6. A 14. C
7. B 15. B
8. A
Answer Key
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WHAT’S MORE…
Q1.Forecasting-It is the process of predicting what will happen in the future.
Contingency Planning-it identifies alternative courses of action when
unexpected happens or when things go wrong..
Scenario Planning- It involves planning for future states of affairs in a long-
term version of contingency planning.
Bench marking- It is a technique uses external comparison of a company’s
practices and technologies with those of other companies.
Participatory planning-Includes, in all planning steps, the people who will be
affected by the plans and/or who will be asked to help
implement them
Q2. Benchmarking is better than forecasting because this planning technique
is a good way for companies to learn from other excellent
companies and in order to help them to improve their
performance.
Q3. Trigger points or warning signals is important in contingency plan
because it ensures quick action as and when required
Q4. Epidemic disease, Fire, War.
Q5.Certainty condition is a situation in which a decision maker can make
precise decision because the result of all alternative are known, while
Uncertainty decision maker do estimates regarding the possible occurrences of
certain outcomes. Risk condition are more common because future
environment is unpredictable, so not all alternatives are available, and the
risks associated with each.
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REFERENCES

Cabrera, H., Altarejos A. and Benjamin, R. (2016) Organization and Management

Gregorio Araneta, Manila, Vidal Group, Inc.

Ancierto, M.(2017). Entrepreneurship K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Senior

High School-Applied Track Subject. Unlimited Books Library and Services
&Publishing Inc.

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd – Division of General
Santos City with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the
new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential
Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used
by all learners in General Santos City in all public schools beginning SY 2020-
2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production of this
module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of General Santos City

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Tiongson St., Lagao, General Santos City

Telefax No.: (083) 552-8909

Email Address: [email protected]

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