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THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENTnotes

The document discusses several theories of human development including psychosexual, psychosocial, moral, cognitive, emotional, and socio-cultural theories. It focuses on Freud's psychosexual theory of development through oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages and the potential impacts of becoming fixated in these stages.

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Kylene Mharie Vasallo
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28 views3 pages

THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENTnotes

The document discusses several theories of human development including psychosexual, psychosocial, moral, cognitive, emotional, and socio-cultural theories. It focuses on Freud's psychosexual theory of development through oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages and the potential impacts of becoming fixated in these stages.

Uploaded by

Kylene Mharie Vasallo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT

Theories of Development
1. Psycho sexual
(Freud)
2. Psycho social
( Erikson)
3. Moral
( Kohlberg)
4. Cognitive
(Piaget)
5. Emotional
(Goleman)
6. Multiple Intelligences
( Gardner)
7. Reciprocating Influences (Bell and Cairns)
8. Family System Model
(Munichin)
9. Ecological Context
( Bronfenbrenner)
10.
Socio Cultural Context ( Vygotsky)
Psychosexual Development
“ How does personality develop?”
 Sigmund Freud
- he said that children go through a series of psychosexual stages
that lead to the development of the adult personality.
-his theory described how personality developed over the course of
childhood.
- he also believed that there were conflicts between the;
1.
ID
(your natural impulses) and;
2. SUPER-EGO
(the moral principle, what society says is OK) and your;
3. EGO
(the reality principle or what you end up doing)
- how these conflicts can affect future development?
- specifically, unresolved conflicts can lead to what Freud called a
FIXATION.
FREUD’S Psychosexual Stages
 ORAL STAGE: Birth to 1 year
 EROGENOUS ZONE: Mouth
-During the oral stage, infants only have an id, why?- Use mouth to stuck
in mother’s breast or pacifier. Sucking too
much can lead to oral fixation, “ What are the consequences of oral
fixation?”
CONSEQUENCES OF “ORAL FIXATION”
1.) Oral Aggressive
- chewing on objects such as pens or t-shirt collars
2.) Oral Passive
- taking up on oral activities such as smoking, eating, nail
biting , drinking, or kissing.
 Freud believed that individuals in an oral fixation may have PASSIVE
or MANIPULATIVE PERSONALITY.
 ANAL STAGE: 1 to 3 years
 E-ZONE: Bowel and Bladder Control
- Toilet training is primary task of this stage.
- It involves a competition between the ID impulses (to go to the
bathroom) and the EGO ( to not get embarrassed from the soiling
pants).
- Parents who over emphasize toilet training and cleanliness during
this stage may get a child who is ANAL RETANTIVE or
OBSSESSED WITH CLEANLINESS.
- Parents that under emphasize or do not emphasize toilet training
may have children that have difficulty controlling their impulse and
get in trouble somewhere.
 PHALLIC STAGE: 3 to 6 years
 E-ZONE: Genitals
- Boys see their father as COMPETITION to their affection `
towards their Mother.
- The ATTRACTION towards the mother is called COMPLEX
 CASTRATION ANXIETY
- fear that father will castrate if child expresses jealousy of
father/mother.
-Boys who get FIXATED in the phallic stage ( stuck in Oedipus) in
the phallic stage MAY BE AGGRESSIVE or JEALOUS AS ADULTS.
 ELECTRA COMPLEX
- girls are attracted to their fathers and see mothers as
competition.
 PENIS ENVY- girls get jealous of boys that they do not have a penis
- Girls get fixated in the phallic stage may keep penis envy, so
have the desire to dominate men or are passive.
 Freud believe that the OEDIPUS and ELCTRA COMPLEX were
repressed from our CONSCIOUS MIND, so we don’t think about it.
 However, these concepts were criticized because they are SEXIST
and also NOT SUPPORTED or TESTABLE by research.
 LATENT STAGE: 6 to puberty
 LIBIDO INACTIVE
- Age 6 to puberty id one of where there are NO CONFLICTS.
- The child is LEARNING hobbies, developing friendship, and
growing.
- Any ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR could be perceived to be attributed
to what occurred during earlier stages.
 STAGE 5 : Genital stage < Puberty to Death>
 Maturing Sexual Interests
- Puberty to adulthood.
- The goal of this stage is PSYCHOLOGICAL DETACHMENT and
INDEPENDENCE from PARENTS.
-Attempts to RESOLVE ISSUES that were caused during earlier
stages of development.
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
 ERIK ERIKSON
- identified 8 satges which a healthy individual should pass through
from birth to death.
- At each satge, there are different needs, ask questions and meet
new people who influece our behavior and learning. Stage 1: TRUST vs
MISTRUST
- INFANCY 1-2 years old

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