Basic-Reading - Task - 1 - (Keyti-Endhita - 2102050033) - 1
Basic-Reading - Task - 1 - (Keyti-Endhita - 2102050033) - 1
Basic-Reading - Task - 1 - (Keyti-Endhita - 2102050033) - 1
Activity 4: Referencing
Instructions:
1. Read the following essay about the dumping of hazardous waste.
2. Fill in the table below by writing the referent for each word or phrase in the
preceding column.
3. Check your work with another student.
(1) In recent years, concern about the environment has been growing. (2) The public
has become aware of many common, dangerous dumping practices. (3) These practices,
some of which have been going on for years, have increased as the population has
grown. (4) Recent publicity has drawn public attention to one form of environmental
pollution – the dumping of hazardous chemical waste. (5) This waste includes heavy
metals (such as mercury) and other by-products of technology. (6) Such chemicals
cause cancer, brain damage, and high infant mortality rates. (7) Dumping of the waste
is difficult to supervise. (8) And, in fact, even careful dumping has resulted in the
destruction of whole areas. (9) When waste is first put into the dump, it is usually sealed
in large metal drums. (10) As time passes, the metal rusts, and the waste materials begin
to leak out into the surrounding soil. (11) This has two effects on the environment. (12)
First, the local soil is often permanently destroyed and it must be removed. (13) It
becomes additional hazardous waste needing to be stored somewhere else. (14) Second,
the chemical waste can sink lower and lower into the soil and reach the water tables
deep below the earth’s surface. (15) The latter effect produces pollution of the water
sources for many miles around. (16) Sometimes the waste spreads into a river bed. (17)
From there, it is likely to be carried to one of the oceans, spreading the pollution around
the world.