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CH-12 Friction Notes2019 8th

The document is from Udgam School for Children and is notes for a Class VIII science lesson on friction. It contains 10 questions about friction, its causes, factors it depends on, advantages and disadvantages. It defines static, sliding and rolling friction and explains why sliding friction is less than static friction. It also discusses fluid friction and gives examples. Methods for reducing and increasing friction are provided. Reasons are given for several examples related to friction.

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YASHVI MODI
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614 views7 pages

CH-12 Friction Notes2019 8th

The document is from Udgam School for Children and is notes for a Class VIII science lesson on friction. It contains 10 questions about friction, its causes, factors it depends on, advantages and disadvantages. It defines static, sliding and rolling friction and explains why sliding friction is less than static friction. It also discusses fluid friction and gives examples. Methods for reducing and increasing friction are provided. Reasons are given for several examples related to friction.

Uploaded by

YASHVI MODI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UDGAM SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN

(2019 – 2020)

Subject : Science L-12: Friction Class VIIINotes

Q1. Explain the term Friction and its causes.


A1.The force acting along the two surfaces in contact
which opposes the motion of one body
over the other is called the force of friction.
Causes:
-It is caused due to inter-locking (cold-welding) of the
irregularities of the two surfaces in contact.
-Due to the force of adhesion between the 2 surfaces;
i.e. the atoms and molecules of each surface which are
in contact with each other attract each other with a
force of adhesion or adhesive force.

Q2. On what factors does friction depend?


A2. Friction depends upon:
i. Nature of surfaces in contact i.e. on the state of
smoothness or roughness of the surfaces.
ii. How hard the 2 surfaces are pressed together.
iii. The mass of the object in contact with the surface.
iv. The shape of the object.

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Class VIII / Subject-Science / L-12 / Notes / 2019-2020
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Q3. Explain how friction is advantageous to us giving
examples.
i. We are able to walk on the road due to the friction
between the ground and the soles of our shoes.
ii. Friction is a must between the tyres and the roads for
safe driving or else it would not be
able to stop the vehicle.
iii. The application of brakes to stop a vehicle is
possible only due to the friction between
the brake lining and the rim of the wheel.
iv. Force of friction holds the nails and screws in the
wood.
v. We are able to write on paper because of the friction
between the pen and the paper.
It’s difficult to write on glazed /waxed paper.
vi. We can light a match-stick due to the friction. Friction
raises the temperature of match
head to such an extent that the chemicals in it catch
fire to produce flame.
vii. Spikes are provided in the shoes of athletes to
increase the friction and prevent slipping.
viii. Meteors burn up when they enter earth’s
atmosphere due to friction.
ix. We are able to hold the things in our hands due to
friction.

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Class VIII / Subject-Science / L-12 / Notes / 2019-2020
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Q4. Define the following terms:
i. Static Friction:
- Static friction is a force that keeps an object at rest. It
exists between a stationary object
and the surface on which it is resting.
- The static friction is greater than the sliding friction.
ii. Sliding Friction:
- When one body slides over the surface of other, the
resistance generated to its motion is
called sliding friction. Sliding friction is intended to stop
an object from moving.
The sliding friction is greater than rolling friction.
iii. Rolling Friction:
- The force of friction which comes into play when a body
rolls over the surface of another
body is called rolling friction.
- The rolling friction is less than the sliding friction.

Q5. Explain why sliding friction is less than the static


friction?
A5. The friction is always caused by the interlocking of
irregularities in the two surfaces.
- In case of static friction, interlocking between two
objects is very strong but in case of

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Class VIII / Subject-Science / L-12 / Notes / 2019-2020
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sliding friction, there is a less time of getting
interlocked with each other. Thus, the
sliding friction is less than the static friction.

Q6. Explain Fluid Friction. On what factors does it


depend?
Liquids and gases also exert frictional force on the
objects that move through them. This force
of friction is called fluid friction or drag.
- Fluid friction depends upon:
i. The speed of the moving object.
ii. Shape of the moving object.
iii. Nature of the fluid.

Q7. Give examples of Fluid Friction.


i. Friction due to water:
- Body of ships and boats are streamlined to reduce
friction.
- Swimmers try to streamline their body to swim with less
friction.
ii. Friction due to air:
- Aeroplanes and birds have a streamlined body to
reduce friction.
- Body of automobiles (e.g. cars, buses, motorcycles,
trains) is streamlined to decrease friction.

Q8. Explain the disadvantages of Friction.


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Class VIII / Subject-Science / L-12 / Notes / 2019-2020
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- Friction increases the energy required to operate the
machines. This energy is wasted in
the form of heat energy.
i. Friction causes wear and tear in the machines and
renders them inoperable.
ii. Friction reduces the speed of moving vehicles to
great extent.
iii. Tyres get worn out because of friction with the road.
iv. Bristles of toothbrush break due to friction.
v. Twigs of trees brush against each other and cause
forest fire.
vi. Sole of shoes get worn out due to friction

Q9. Give methods for i) Reducing friction & ii)


Increasing friction.
i. Reducing Friction:
a) By using lubricants
b) By using soap solutions
c) By using fine powder
d) By polishing
e) By streamlining
f) By converting sliding friction into rolling friction (wheels
and ball bearing)
. ii. Increasing Friction:
a) Generally, the surfaces are made rough.
b) By increasing the mass of the object that is moving.

Q10. Give Reasons for the following:


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i. Carom-coins move faster on the carom-board,
which is dusted with talcum powder.
- When talcum powder is spread on the carom-board, it
reduces the friction between the
carom-board and the coins.
- So, they move faster.

ii. We will not be able to walk if there is no friction.


-It is because when we push the ground backwards,
the ground reacts back only on account of
friction.
-If there is no friction, then there will be no reaction
from the ground in forward direction, as a
result we will not be able to move forward but will slip
and fall down.

iii. A pencil will write on paper but not on glass.


- There is smoothness on the surface of the glass so
pencil cannot write on glass but
on paper due to rough surface friction is applied so
pencil can write on paper.

iv. The surface of the mortar and pestle (silbatta)


used for grinding is etched again after
prolonged use.
- After prolonged use, the mortar and pestle loose the
roughness, due to which frictional

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Class VIII / Subject-Science / L-12 / Notes / 2019-2020
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force reduces and it does not grind properly. So, it is
etched to make it rough again.

v. People rub their hands in chilled winter.


- As rubbing of hands against each other causes friction
between them and it
produces heat which makes them warm.

vi. The handle of a cricket bat or badminton racquet


is usually rough.
- The handle of cricket bat or badminton racquet is
rough, so that while playing, the bat
or badminton racquet does not slip away from the
hands of the player. Roughness
is responsible for the frictional force without which
gripping is not possible.

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Class VIII / Subject-Science / L-12 / Notes / 2019-2020
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