A practical activity report submitted for

Microprocessor Based Systems Design (UCS617)

On

Arm Assembly Language

Submitted by:

Kartik Takyar 101803618

Jatin Kapoor 101803619
Himanshu Mahajan 101803620
Gaurish Garg 101803621
Aditi Pandey 101803622

Submitted to

Dr Rajanpreet Kaur Chahal

Assistant Professor

Computer Science & Engineering Department

Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala-147004

June 14, 2021

 Table of Contents
1. Write a program in ARM assembly language to add and subtract two 32-bit numbers using: ................ 3
1.1. Direct Addressing Mode ................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2. Indirect Addressing Mode .............................................................................................................................................. 4
1.3. Barrel Shifting .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

2. Write a program in ARM assembly language to perform left and right shift of a number ......................... 6

3. Write a program to find whether a number is even or odd. ..................................................................................... 7

4. Write a program to perform multiplication using addition. .................................................................................... 8

5. Write a program to store multiplication table of a number ..................................................................................... 9

6. Write a program to perform division using subtraction......................................................................................... 11

7. Write a program to count the number of characters in a given string ............................................................. 13

8. Write a program to find the number of occurrence of a particular character in a string ........................ 14

9. Write a program to add two integer strings ................................................................................................................. 15

10. Write a program to find the factorial of a number .................................................................................................... 16

11. Write a program to perform 64-bit addition of two 64-bit numbers. .............................................................. 17

12. Write a program to find the largest number in an array. ....................................................................................... 18

13. Write a program to copy an array ..................................................................................................................................... 19

14. Write a program in ARM assembly language to implement the following equations ............................... 20
14.1. ax2+bx2 ................................................................................................................................................................................20
14.2. 6(x+y)+2z+4 ......................................................................................................................................................................21

15. Write a program verify how many bytes are present in a given set which resemble 0xAC ................... 22

16. Write a program to count the number of 1s and 0s ina given byte and verify the result ........................ 23
1. Write a program in ARM assembly language to add and subtract two
32-bit numbers using:

1.1. Direct Addressing Mode

Code:

AREA PROGRAM,CODE,READONLY
ENTRY
MOV R1, #5
MOV R2, #3
ADDS R3, R1, R2
SUBS R4, R1, R2
END

Output:

R3: 0x00000008
R4: 0x00000002

Screenshot:

Figure 1.1

Page 3 of 23
1.2. Indirect Addressing Mode
Code:

AREA PROGRAM, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
MAIN
LDR R1, =VALUE1
LDR R2, =VALUE2
LDR R3, [R1]
LDR R4, [R2]
ADDS R5, R3, R4
SUBS R6, R3, R4
VALUE1 DCD &00004AFC
VALUE2 DCD &000078AA
END

Output:

R5: 0x0000C3A6
R6: 0xFFFFD252

Screenshot:

Figure 1.2

Page 4 of 23
1.3. Barrel Shifting
Code:

AREA PROGRAM, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
MAIN
LDR R0,=VALUE1
ADDS R1,R0,R0,LSL #0x01
SUBS R2,R0,R0,LSL #0x01
VALUE1 EQU 4
END

Output:

R1: 0x0000000C
R2: 0xFFFFFFFC

Screenshot:

Figure 1.3

Page 5 of 23
2. Write a program in ARM assembly language to perform left and right
shift of a number
Code:

AREA PROGRAM,CODE,READONLY
ENTRY
LDR R1,VALUE1
MOV R3,R1,LSL#0x01
MOV R4,R1,LSR#0x01
AREA program,data,readonly
VALUE1 DCD &00000004
END

Output:

R3: 0x00000008
R4: 0x00000002

Screenshot:

Figure 2.1

Page 6 of 23
3. Write a program to find whether a number is even or odd.
Code:

AREA PROGRAM,CODE,READONLY
ENTRY
LDR R1, =VALUE1
LDR R2, =VALUE2
AND R3, R1, R2
AREA program,data,readonly
VALUE1 EQU 45
VALUE2 EQU 0x000001
END

Output:

R3: 0x00000001

Screenshot:

Figure 3.1

Page 7 of 23
4. Write a program to perform multiplication using addition.
Code:

AREA PROGRAM,CODE,READONLY
ENTRY
LDR R0, =VALUE1
LDR R1, =VALUE2
MOV R2, R0
MOV R3, #0X01
LOOP
ADD R3,R3,#0X01
ADD R0,R0,R2
CMP R1,R3
BNE LOOP
VALUE1 EQU 2
VALUE2 EQU 6
END

Output:

R0: 0x0000000C

Screenshot:

Figure 4.1

Page 8 of 23
5. Write a program to store multiplication table of a number
Code:

AREA PROGRAM,CODE,READONLY
ENTRY
LDR R0, =VALUE1
LDR R1, =VALUE2
MOV R2, #0X0A
MOV R3,R0
LOOP
STR R0,[R1]
ADD R0, R0, R3
SUB R2, R2, #0X01
ADD R1,R1,#0X04
CMP R2, #0X00
BNE LOOP
VALUE1 EQU 3
VALUE2 EQU 0X00000100
END

Output:

[0x00000100]-[0x0003] = 03
[0x00000104]-[0x0007] = 06
[0x00000108]-[0x000A] = 09 …and so on

Screenshot:

Figure 5.1

Page 9 of 23
 Figure 5.2

Page 10 of 23
6. Write a program to perform division using subtraction
Code:

area program,code,readonly
entry
main
LDR R0,dividend
LDR R1,divisor
MOV R2,#0x00
MOV R3,R0
LOOP
SUB R3,R3,R1
ADD R2,R2,#0x01
CMP R3,#0x00
BNE LOOP

area program,data,readonly
dividend DCD &0000000A
divisor DCD &00000002
END

Output:

R2: 0x00000005

Page 11 of 23
Screenshot:

Figure 6.1

Page 12 of 23
7. Write a program to count the number of characters in a given string
Code:

AREA PROGRAM, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
MAIN
LDR R0, =VALUE1
MOV R2, #0
LOOP
LDRB R1, [R0], #1
CMP R1, #0
ADDNE R2,R2,#1
BNE LOOP
VALUE1 DCB "GAURISH"
END

Output:

R2: 0x00000007

Screenshot:

Figure 7.1

Page 13 of 23
8. Write a program to find the number of occurrence of a particular
character in a string
Code:

AREA PROGRAM, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
MAIN
LDR R0, =VALUE1 ; POINTER TO VALUE1
MOV R1, #0
LOOP
LDRB R2, [R0], #1
CMP R2,#"G"
ADDEQ R1, R1, #1
CMP R2,#0
BNE LOOP
VALUE1 DCB "GAURISHGARG"
RESULT DCD &00000000
END

Output:

R1: 0x00000003

Screenshot:

Figure 8.1

Page 14 of 23
9. Write a program to add two integer strings
Code:

AREA PROGRAM, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
MAIN
LDR R1, =VALUE1
LDR R2, =VALUE2
LDR R10, RESULT
MOV R0, #4
LOOP
LDRB R3, [R1], #1
LDRB R4, [R2],#1
ADD R5, R3, R4
STRB R5, [R10], #1
SUB R0, R0, #1
CMP R0,#0
BNE LOOP
VALUE1 DCB 1,2,3,4
VALUE2 DCB 5,6,7,8
RESULT DCD &00000000
END

Output:

[0x00000000-0x00000003] = 06 08 0A 0C

Screenshot:

Figure 9.1

Page 15 of 23
10.Write a program to find the factorial of a number
Code:

AREA PROGRAM, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
MAIN
LDR R1, =VALUE1
MOV R2, #1
MOV R3, #1
LOOP
ADD R3, #1
MUL R4, R2,R3
MOV R2, R4
CMP R3,R1
BNE LOOP
VALUE1 EQU 5
END

Output:

R2: 0x00000078

Screenshot:

Figure 10.1

Page 16 of 23
11.Write a program to perform 64-bit addition of two 64-bit numbers.
Code:

AREA PROGRAM, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
MAIN
LDR R0, =VALUE1 ;POINTER TO VALUE1
LDR R1,[R0] ;FIRST 32 BITS (MSB)
LDR R2, [R0,#4] ;OFFSET R2 BY 4 BYTES AND STORE LSB
LDR R3, =VALUE2 ; POINTER TO VALUE2
LDR R4, [R3]; FIRST 32 BITS OF VALUE2
LDR R5, [R3, #4] ;;OFFSET R2 BY 4 BYTES AND STORE LSB
ADDS R6, R2, R5
ADC R7, R1, R4
LDR R8, RESULT ;ADDRESS WHERE THE ANSWER IS STORED
STR R7, [R8] ;STORE R7 MSB IN ADDRESS SPECIFIED BY R8
STR R6, [R8,#4] ;OFFSET BY 4 BYTES
VALUE1 DCD &124A93FE,&7B4AD3F2
VALUE2 DCD &82129CFF,&14FCBA41
RESULT DCD &00000000
END

Output:

[0x0000000 – 0x00000007] = 94 5D 30 FD 90 47 8E 33

Screenshot:

Figure 11.1

Page 17 of 23
12.Write a program to find the largest number in an array.
Code:

AREA PROGRAM, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
MAIN
LDR R0, =VALUE1
LDRB R1, [R0] ;need to bytewise load it
MOV R2, #10
LOOP
LDRB R3, [R0], #1
CMP R3,R1
MOVGT R1, R3 ;OUTPUT WILL BE STORED IN R1
SUB R2, R2, #1
CMP R2,#0
BNE LOOP
VALUE1 DCB 9,8,0,3,0,0,2,5,5,1 ;it's an array
END

Output:

R1: 0x000000009

Screenshot:

Figure 12.1

Page 18 of 23
13.Write a program to copy an array
Code:

AREA PROGRAM, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
MAIN
LDR R0, =VALUE1 ;pointer to array
LDR R2, RESULT
MOV R3,#10
LOOP
LDRB R1, [R0], #1
STRB R1, [R2], #1
SUB R3, R3, #1
CMP R3,#0
BNE LOOP
VALUE1 DCB 9,8,0,3,0,0,2,5,5,1
RESULT DCD &00000000
END

Output:

[0x00000000-0x000000009] = 09 08 00 03 00 00 02 05 05 01

Screenshot:

Figure 13.1

Page 19 of 23
14.Write a program in ARM assembly language to implement the following
equations

14.1. ax2+bx2
Code:

AREA PROGRAM, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
MAIN
LDR R1, =a
LDR R2, =k
LDR R3, =b
LDR R4, =y
MUL R5,R2,R2
MUL R6, R1,R5
MUL R7,R4,R4
MUL R8, R3,R7
ADD R9, R6,R8
a EQU 1
k EQU 2
b EQU 3
y EQU 4
END

Output:

R9: 0x00000034

Screenshot:

Figure 14.1
Page 20 of 23
14.2. 6(x+y)+2z+4
Code:

AREA PROGRAM, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
MAIN
LDR R1, =x
LDR R2, =y
LDR R3, =z
ADD R4, R1,R2
MOV R10, #6
MUL R5, R4, R10
MOV R10, #2
MUL R6, R3,R10
MOV R7,#4
ADD R8, R5,R6
ADD R9, R8, R7
x EQU 1
y EQU 2
z EQU 3
END

Output:

R9: 0x0000001C

Screenshot:

Figure 14.2

Page 21 of 23
15.Write a program verify how many bytes are present in a given set which
resemble 0xAC
Code:

AREA PROGRAM,CODE,READONLY
ENTRY
LDR R0,value ; address
MOV R3,#0x0A ; counter 32 bit
LOOP
LDRB R1,[R0],#0x01
CMP R1,#0xAC
ADDEQ R2,R2,#1
SUBS R3,R3,#1
BNE LOOP
AREA PROGRAM,DATA,READONLY
value DCD &0000000E
END

Output:

R2: 0x00000001

Screenshot:

Figure 15.1

Page 22 of 23
16.Write a program to count the number of 1s and 0s ina given byte and
verify the result
Code:

AREA PROGRAM,CODE,READONLY
ENTER
LDR R0,VALUE0
MOV R1,#0X004
MOV R2,#0X00 ;NUMBER 0F 1S
MOV R3,#0X00 ;NUMBER OF 0S
loop
MOVS R0,R0,RRX ;ROTATE RIGHT WITH EXTEND
ADDCC R2,#0X001 ;0S
ADDCS R3,#0X001 ;1S
SUBS R1,R1,#0X001 ;COUNTER
CMP R1,#0X00
BNE loop
AREA PRODRAM,DATA,READONLY
VALUE0 DCD &00000008
END

Output:

R3: 0x00000001

Screenshot:

Figure 16.1

Page 23 of 23