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Permutation (Part 2)

The document provides examples and explanations for calculating permutations with repeated elements and circular permutations. It discusses how to calculate the number of arrangements when objects are arranged in a circle without distinction between the objects or when some objects are identical. Examples shown include finding the number of arrangements of letters in a word, seating arrangements around a circular table, and arrangements of chairs around a table with some restrictions.

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76 views

Permutation (Part 2)

The document provides examples and explanations for calculating permutations with repeated elements and circular permutations. It discusses how to calculate the number of arrangements when objects are arranged in a circle without distinction between the objects or when some objects are identical. Examples shown include finding the number of arrangements of letters in a word, seating arrangements around a circular table, and arrangements of chairs around a table with some restrictions.

Uploaded by

Çhärlöttë Çhrístíñë Dë Çöldë
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CAPITOL UNIVERSITY BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Senior High School Department

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

MODULE 1: COUNTING TECHNIQUES


LESSON 1.3 – PERMUTATIONS WITH REPEATED
ELEMENTS & CIRCULAR PERMUTATION

OBJECTIVES:

In this module, you will be able to:


 Find the number of ways r objects can be selected from n objects using the
permutation rules; and
 Apply the counting principles in solving real-life problems.

PERMUTATION WITH REPEATED ELEMENTS

The total number of permutations of n objects of which n1 are similar, n2 are similar … nk
𝑛!
are similar is given by the expression where n1 + n2 + n3 + … + nk = n.
𝑛1 !…𝑛2 !..𝑛3 !..𝑛𝑘 !

EXAMPLES:

1. How many distinct ways can we arrange the letters in the word
MIDSHIPMAN?
Solution: There are 10 letters: 2 m’s, 2 i’s, 1 d, 1 s, 1 h, 1 p, 1 a, 1 n
𝟏𝟎!
𝟐!𝟐!
= 907, 200

2. Andy is arranging a string of Christmas lights in his room. He has 3 red, 4


orange and 2 green little Christmas-y light bulbs. How many distinct lighting
arrangements can he come up with for a string of nine Christmas lights?

Solution:

3. How many distinct arrangements exist for the word HALL?


Solution: There are 4 letters: 2 l’s, 1 h and 1 a

= 12
CIRCULAR PERMUTATION

If n objects are arranged in a circle, then there are a total of (n – 1)! permutations.
Pn = (n – 1)!
Permutation in a circle is called Circular Permutation.

EXAMPLES:

1. In how many ways can you sit 8 people in a round table with 8 seats?
Solution: P8 = (8-1)! = 7! = 7•6•5•4•3•2•1 = 5 040 ways
2. In how many ways can 6 people be seated at a round table?
Solution: P6 = (6 – 1)! = 5! = 5•4•3•2•1 = 120 ways
3. Find the number of ways in which 5 people A, B, C, D and E can be seated at
a round table, such that A and B always sit together.
Solution:
a.) If we wish to seat A and B together in all arrangements, we can
consider these two as one unit, along with 3 others. So, effectively we have to
arrange 4 people in a circle.
P4 = (4 – 1)! = 3! = 3•2•1 = 6 ways
Let’s take a look at these arrangements:

But in each of these arrangements, A and B can interchange places in 2


ways. Therefore, the total number of ways will be 6 x 2 = 12.
Example of Circular Permutations with identical items:

4. Seven chairs are arranged around a circular table. There are 7 tan chairs, 4
white, and 1 blue. Find the number of arrangements of chairs.

Solution: n = 12

12−1 ! 11!
= = 330 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
7! 4! 1! 7! 4! 1!
Example of Circular Permutations with Restriction:

5. Six girls and six boys are to sit around a large circular table. How many ways
can they sit if each boy must sit next to a girl and a boy sits first?

Solution: Boys = (6-1)! = 5! Girls = 6!

5! x 6! = 86, 400 ways

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